第 50 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9322
  not such。
  The     want    of  formality     or  rudeness     was;   probably;     my   not   having
  address'd the paper to them with their assum'd titles of True and Absolute
  Proprietaries   of   the   Province   of   Pennsylvania;   which   I   omitted   as   not
  thinking it necessary in a paper; the intention of which was only to reduce
  to a certainty by writing; what in conversation I had delivered viva voce。
  But    during     this  delay;   the   Assembly      having     prevailed    with    Gov'r
  Denny   to   pass   an   act   taxing   the   proprietary   estate   in   common   with   the
  estates of the people; which was the grand point in dispute; they omitted
  answering the message。
  When   this   act   however   came   over;   the   proprietaries;   counselled   by
  Paris;   determined   to   oppose   its   receiving   the   royal   assent。   Accordingly
  they petition'd the king in Council; and a hearing was appointed in which
  two   lawyers   were   employ'd   by   them   against   the   act;   and   two   by   me   in
  support      of   it。  They    alledg'd    that  the   act   was    intended     to  load    the
  proprietary estate in order to spare those of the people; and that if it were
  suffer'd to continue in force; and the proprietaries who were in odium with
  the   people;   left   to   their   mercy   in   proportioning   the   taxes;   they   would
  inevitably   be   ruined。  We   reply'd   that   the   act   had   no   such   intention;   and
  would   have   no   such   effect。   That   the   assessors   were   honest   and   discreet
  men under an oath to assess fairly and equitably; and that any advantage
  157
  … Page 158…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  each of them might expect in lessening his own tax by augmenting that of
  the   proprietaries   was   too   trifling   to   induce   them   to   perjure   themselves。
  This is the purport of what I remember as urged by both sides; except that
  we insisted strongly on the mischievous consequences that must attend a
  repeal; for that the money; L100;000; being printed and given to the king's
  use; expended in his service; and now spread among the people; the repeal
  would   strike   it   dead   in   their   hands   to   the   ruin   of   many;   and   the   total
  discouragement of future grants; and the selfishness of the proprietors in
  soliciting   such   a   general   catastrophe;   merely   from   a   groundless   fear   of
  their estate being taxed too highly; was insisted on in the strongest terms。
  On this; Lord Mansfield; one of the counsel rose; and beckoning me took
  me into the clerk's chamber; while the lawyers were pleading; and asked
  me if I was really of opinion that no injury would be done the proprietary
  estate in the execution of the act。 I said certainly。 〃Then;〃 says he; 〃you
  can have little objection to enter into an engagement to assure that point。〃
  I answer'd; 〃None at all。〃 He then call'd in Paris; and after some discourse;
  his   lordship's    proposition     was   accepted     on   both   sides;  a  paper    to  the
  purpose was drawn up by the Clerk of the Council; which I sign'd with Mr。
  Charles; who was also an Agent of the Province for their ordinary affairs;
  when Lord Mansfield returned to the Council Chamber; where finally the
  law was allowed to pass。 Some changes were however recommended and
  we    also   engaged     they   should    be   made    by   a  subsequent      law;  but   the
  Assembly   did   not   think   them   necessary;   for   one   year's   tax   having   been
  levied   by   the   act   before   the   order   of   Council   arrived;   they   appointed   a
  committee       to  examine      the  proceedings      of   the  assessors;    and   on   this
  committee they put several particular friends of the proprietaries。 After a
  full enquiry; they unanimously sign'd a report that they found the tax had
  been assess'd with perfect equity。
  The    Assembly       looked    into   my   entering    into   the  first  part   of  the
  engagement;   as   an   essential   service   to the   Province; since it secured   the
  credit of the paper money then spread over all the country。 They gave me
  their thanks in form when I return'd。 But the proprietaries were enraged at
  Governor Denny for having pass'd the act; and turn'd him out with threats
  of   suing    him   for   breach   of   instructions    which    he   had   given    bond   to
  158
  … Page 159…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  observe。 He; however; having done it at the instance of the General; and
  for   His   Majesty's   service;   and   having   some   powerful   interest   at   court;
  despis'd the threats and they were never put in execution。 。 。 。 'Unfinished'。
  159
  … Page 160…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  CHIEF EVENTS IN FRANKLIN'S
  LIFE
  'Ending;   as   it  does;  with  the  year   1757;  the  autobiography   leaves
  important facts un…recorded。 It has seemed advisable; therefore; to detail
  the chief events in Franklin's life; from the beginning; in the following list:
  1706 He is born; in Boston; and baptized in the Old South Church。
  1714 At the age of eight; enters the Grammar School。
  1716 Becomes his father's assistant in the tallow…chandlery business。
  1718 Apprenticed to his brother James; printer。
  1721 Writes ballads and peddles them; in printed form; in the streets;
  contributes; anonymously; to the 〃New England Courant;〃 and temporarily
  edits that paper; becomes a free…thinker; and a vegetarian。
  1723    Breaks   his  indenture    and  removes     to  Philadelphia;   obtaining
  employment in Keimer's printing…office; abandons vegetarianism。
  1724     Is   persuaded     by    Governor      Keith    to   establish   himself
  independently; and goes to London to buy type; works at his trade there;
  and publishes 〃Dissertation on Liberty and Necessity; Pleasure and Pain。〃
  1726   Returns   to   Philadelphia;   after   serving   as   clerk   in   a   dry   goods
  store; becomes manager of Keimer's printing…house。
  1727 Founds the Junto; or 〃Leathern Apron〃 Club。
  1728 With Hugh Meredith; opens a printing…office。
  1729   Becomes   proprietor   and   editor   of   the   〃Pennsylvania   Gazette〃;
  prints; anonymously; 〃Nature and Necessity of a Paper Currency〃; opens a
  stationer's shop。
  1730 Marries Rebecca Read。
  1731 Founds the Philadelphia Library。
  1732   Publishes   the   first   number   of   〃Poor   Richard's Almanac〃   under
  the pseudonym of 〃Richard Saunders。〃 The Almanac; which continued for
  twenty…five years to contain his witty; worldly…wise sayings; played a very
  large part in bringing together and molding the American character which
  was at that time made up of so many diverse and scattered types。
  1738 Begins to study French; Italian; Spanish; and Latin。
  160
  … Page 161…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  1736   Chosen   clerk   of   the   General   Assembly;   forms   the   Union   Fire
  Company of Philadelphia。
  1737 Elected to the Assembly; appointed Deputy Postmaster…General;
  plans a city police。
  1742 Invents the open; or 〃Franklin;〃 stove。
  1743   Proposes   a   plan   for   an   Academy;   which   is   adopted   1749   and
  develops into the University of Pennsylvania。
  1744 Establishes the American Philosophical Society。
  1746     Publishes    a  pamphlet;    〃Plain   Truth;〃    on  the   necessity    for
  disciplined     defense;   and   forms   a  military   company;      begins   electrical
  experiments。
  1748 Sells out his printing business; is appointed on the Commission
  of the Peace; chosen to the Common Council; and to the Assembly。
  1749 Appointed a Commissioner to trade with the Indians。
  1751 Aids in founding a hospital。
  1752    Experiments      with   a  kite  and   discovers   that  lightning    is  an
  electrical discharge。
  1753   Awarded   the   Copley   medal   for   this   discovery;   and   elected    a
  member of the Royal Society; receives the degree of M。A。 from Yale and
  Harvard。 Appointed joint Postmaster…General。
  1754 Appointed one of the Commissioners from Pennsylvania to the
  Colonial     Congress    at  Albany;    proposes     a  plan  for  the   union   of  the
  colonies。
  1755    Pledges    his  personal   property   in  order   that  supplies   may   be
  raised for Braddock's army; obtains a grant from the Assembly in aid of
  the Crown Point expedition; carries through a b