第 42 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9318
  proceeding;      and    endeavoring      to  recover    some    of  the   lost  honour;    he
  ordered all the stores; ammunition; etc。; to be destroy'd; that he might have
  more horses to assist his flight towards the settlements; and less lumber to
  remove。 He was there met with requests from the governors of Virginia;
  Maryland; and Pennsylvania; that he would post his troops on the frontiers;
  so   as   to   afford   some   protection   to   the   inhabitants;   but   he   continu'd   his
  hasty march thro' all the country; not thinking himself safe till he arriv'd at
  Philadelphia;       where    the   inhabitants     could    protect    him。    This    whole
  transaction gave us Americans the first suspicion that our exalted ideas of
  the prowess of British regulars had not been well founded。
  In   their   first   march;   too;   from   their   landing   till   they   got   beyond   the
  settlements;      they   had    plundered     and   stripped    the   inhabitants;     totally
  ruining some poor families; besides insulting; abusing; and confining the
  people if they remonstrated。 This was enough to put us out of conceit of
  such     defenders;    if  we   had   really   wanted     any。  How     different   was    the
  conduct of our French friends in 1781; who; during a march thro' the most
  inhabited   part   of   our  country  from   Rhode   Island   to Virginia;   near   seven
  hundred miles; occasioned not the smallest complaint for the loss of a pig;
  a chicken; or even an apple。
  Captain Orme; who was one of the general's aids…de…camp; and; being
  grievously wounded; was brought off with him; and continu'd with him to
  his death; which happen'd in a few days; told me that he was totally silent
  all the first day; and at night only said; 〃Who would have thought it?〃 That
  he was silent again the following day; saying only at last; 〃We shall better
  know   how   to   deal   with   them   another   time;〃   and   dy'd   in   a   few   minutes
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  after。
  The secretary's papers; with all the general's orders; instructions; and
  correspondence;         falling    into   the    enemy's     hands;     they    selected    and
  translated   into   French   a   number   of   the   articles;   which   they   printed;   to
  prove the hostile intentions of the British court before the declaration of
  war。    Among      these    I  saw   some    letters   of  the   general    to  the   ministry;
  speaking       highly    of  the   great    service    I  had   rendered     the   army;    and
  recommending me to their notice。 David Hume; too; who was some years
  after secretary to Lord Hertford; when minister in France; and afterward to
  General Conway; when secretary of state; told me he had seen among the
  papers in that office; letters from Braddock highly recommending me。 But;
  the   expedition   having   been   unfortunate;   my   service;   it   seems;   was   not
  thought of much value; for those recommendations were never of any use
  to me。
  As   to   rewards   from   himself;   I   ask'd   only   one;   which   was;   that   he
  would   give   orders   to   his   officers   not   to   enlist   any   more   of   our   bought
  servants; and that he would discharge such as had been already enlisted。
  This   he   readily   granted;   and   several   were   accordingly   return'd   to   their
  masters; on my application。 Dunbar; when the command devolv'd on him;
  was   not   so   generous。   He   being   at   Philadelphia;   on   his   retreat;   or   rather
  flight;   I   apply'd   to   him   for   the   discharge   of   the   servants   of   three   poor
  farmers of Lancaster county that he had enlisted; reminding him of the late
  general's orders on that bead。 He promised me that; if the masters would
  come to him at Trenton; where he should be in a few days on his march to
  New York;   he   would   there   deliver   their   men   to   them。   They   accordingly
  were at the expense and trouble of going to Trenton; and there he refus'd to
  perform his promise; to their great loss and disappointment。
  As soon as the loss of the waggons and horses was generally known;
  all the owners came upon me for the valuation which I had given bond to
  pay。 Their demands gave me a great deal of trouble; my acquainting them
  that   the   money   was   ready   in   the   paymaster's   hands;   but   that   orders   for
  paying   it   must   first   be   obtained   from   General   Shirley;   and   my   assuring
  them that I had apply'd to that general by letter; but; he being at a distance;
  an answer could not soon be receiv'd; and they must have patience; all this
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  was not sufficient to satisfy; and some began to sue me。 General Shirley at
  length      relieved     me     from     this    terrible    situation     by    appointing
  commissioners         to  examine      the   claims;   and    ordering     payment。     They
  amounted to near twenty thousand pound; which to pay would have ruined
  me。
  Before we had the news of this defeat; the two Doctors Bond came to
  me with a subscription paper for raising money to defray the expense of a
  grand firework; which it was intended to exhibit at a rejoicing on receipt
  of the news of our taking Fort Duquesne。 I looked grave; and said it would;
  I thought; be time enough to prepare for the rejoicing when we knew we
  should     have    occasion    to  rejoice。   They   seem'd     surpris'd   that  I  did   not
  immediately comply with their proposal。 〃Why the dl!〃 says one of them;
  〃you surely don't suppose that the fort will not be taken?〃 〃I don't know
  that it will not be taken; but I know that the events of war are subject to
  great     uncertainty。〃     I  gave    them     the   reasons    of   my    doubting;      the
  subscription was dropt; and the projectors thereby missed the mortification
  they would have undergone if the firework had been prepared。 Dr。 Bond;
  on   some   other   occasion   afterward;   said   that   he   did   not   like   Franklin's
  forebodings。
  Governor   Morris;   who   had   continually   worried   the   Assembly   with
  message   after   message   before the   defeat   of   Braddock; to   beat   them  into
  the making of acts to raise money for the defense of the province; without
  taxing;   among   others;   the   proprietary   estates;   and   had   rejected   all   their
  bills for not having such an exempting clause; now redoubled his attacks
  with   more   hope   of   success;   the   danger   and   necessity   being   greater。  The
  Assembly; however; continu'd firm; believing they had justice on their side;
  and   that   it   would   be   giving   up   an   essential   right   if   they   suffered   the
  governor to amend their money…bills。 In one of the last; indeed; which was
  for granting fifty thousand pounds; his propos'd amendment was only of a
  single word。 The bill expressed 〃that all estates; real and personal; were to
  be taxed; those of the proprietaries not excepted。〃 His amendment was; for
  not   read   only:   a   small;   but   very   material   alteration。   However;   when   the
  news   of   this   disaster   reached   England;   our   friends   there;   whom   we   had
  taken   care   to   furnish   with   all   the Assembly's   answers   to   the   governor's
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  messages; rais'd a clamor against the proprietaries for their meanness and
  injustice in giving their governor such instructions; some going so far as to
  say that; by obstructing the defense of their province; they forfeited their
  right to it。 They were intimidated by this; and sent orders to their receiver…
  general   to   add   five   thousand   pounds   of   their   money   to   whatever   sum
  might be given by the Assembly for such purpose。
  This; being notified to the House; was accepted in lieu of their share of
  a general tax; and a new bill was form'd; with an exempting clause; which
  passed accordingly。 By this act I was appointed one of the commissioners
  for disposing of the   money; sixty  thousand   pounds。 I had been   active in
  modelling   the   bill   and   procuring   its   passage;  and   had;  at   the   same   time;
  drawn a bill for establishing and disciplining of a voluntary militia; which
  I carried thro' the House without much difficulty; as care was taken in it to
  leave the Quakers at their liberty。 To promote the association necessary to
  form   the   militia;   I   wrote   a   dialogue;   stating   and   answering   all   the
  objections I could think of to such a militia; w