第 41 节
作者:
天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9322
very sincerely and truly your friend and well…wisher; B。 FRANKLIN。〃
I received of the general about eight hundred pounds; to be disbursed
in advance…money to the waggon owners; etc。; but; that sum being
insufficient; I advanc'd upward of two hundred pounds more; and in two
weeks the one hundred and fifty waggons; with two hundred and fifty…nine
carrying horses; were on their march for the camp。 The advertisement
promised payment according to the valuation; in case any waggon or horse
should be lost。 The owners; however; alleging they did not know General
Braddock; or what dependence might be had on his promise; insisted on
my bond for the performance; which I accordingly gave them。
While I was at the camp; supping one evening with the officers of
Colonel Dunbar's regiment; he represented to me his concern for the
subalterns; who; he said; were generally not in affluence; and could ill
afford; in this dear country; to lay in the stores that might be necessary in
so long a march; thro' a wilderness; where nothing was to be purchas'd。 I
commiserated their case; and resolved to endeavor procuring them some
relief。 I said nothing; however; to him of my intention; but wrote the next
morning to the committee of the Assembly; who had the disposition of
some public money; warmly recommending the case of these officers to
their consideration; and proposing that a present should be sent them of
necessaries and refreshments。 My son; who had some experience of a
camp life; and of its wants; drew up a list for me; which I enclos'd in my
letter。 The committee approv'd; and used such diligence that; conducted by
my son; the stores arrived at the camp as soon as the waggons。 They
consisted of twenty parcels; each containing
6 lbs。 loaf sugar。 1 Gloucester cheese。 6 lbs。 good Muscovado do。 1
kegg containing 20 lbs。 good 1 lb。 good green tea。 butter。 1 lb。 good bohea
do。 2 doz。 old Madeira wine。 6 lbs。 good ground coffee。 2 gallons Jamaica
spirits。 6 lbs。 chocolate。 1 bottle flour of mustard。 1…2 cwt。 best white
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biscuit。 2 well…cur'd hams。 1…2 lb。 pepper。 1…2 dozen dry'd tongues。 1 quart
best white wine vinegar 6 lbs。 rice。 6 lbs。 raisins。
These twenty parcels; well pack'd; were placed on as many horses;
each parcel; with the horse; being intended as a present for one officer。
They were very thankfully receiv'd; and the kindness acknowledg'd by
letters to me from the colonels of both regiments; in the most grateful
terms。 The general; too; was highly satisfied with my conduct in procuring
him the waggons; etc。; and readily paid my account of disbursements;
thanking me repeatedly; and requesting my farther assistance in sending
provisions after him。 I undertook this also; and was busily employ'd in it
till we heard of his defeat; advancing for the service of my own money;
upwards of one thousand pounds sterling; of which I sent him an account。
It came to his hands; luckily for me; a few days before the battle; and he
return'd me immediately an order on the paymaster for the round sum of
one thousand pounds; leaving the remainder to the next account。 I consider
this payment as good luck; having never been able to obtain that
remainder; of which more hereafter。
This general was; I think; a brave man; and might probably have made
a figure as a good officer in some European war。 But he had too much
self…confidence; too high an opinion of the validity of regular troops; and
too mean a one of both Americans and Indians。 George Croghan; our
Indian interpreter; join'd him on his march with one hundred of those
people; who might have been of great use to his army as guides; scouts;
etc。; if he had treated them kindly; but he slighted and neglected them; and
they gradually left him。
In conversation with him one day; he was giving me some account of
his intended progress。 〃After taking Fort Duquesne;〃 says he; 〃I am to
proceed to Niagara; and; having taken that; to Frontenac; if the season will
allow time; and I suppose it will; for Duquesne can hardly detain me
above three or four days; and then I see nothing that can obstruct my
march to Niagara。〃 Having before revolv'd in my mind the long line his
army must make in their march by a very narrow road; to be cut for them
thro' the woods and bushes; and also what I had read of a former defeat of
fifteen hundred French; who invaded the Iroquois country; I had conceiv'd
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some doubts and some fears for the event of the campaign。 But I ventur'd
only to say; 〃To be sure; sir; if you arrive well before Duquesne; with these
fine troops; so well provided with artillery; that place not yet compleatly
fortified; and as we hear with no very strong garrison; can probably make
but a short resistance。 The only danger I apprehend of obstruction to your
march is from ambuscades of Indians; who; by constant practice; are
dexterous in laying and executing them; and the slender line; near four
miles long; which your army must make; may expose it to be attack'd by
surprise in its flanks; and to be cut like a thread into several pieces; which;
from their distance; can not come up in time to support each other。〃
He smil'd at my ignorance; and reply'd; 〃These savages may; indeed;
be a formidable enemy to your raw American militia; but upon the king's
regular and disciplin'd troops; sir; it is impossible they should make any
impression。〃 I was conscious of an impropriety in my disputing with a
military man in matters of his profession; and said no more。 The enemy;
however; did not take the advantage of his army which I apprehended its
long line of march expos'd it to; but let it advance without interruption till
within nine miles of the place; and then; when more in a body (for it had
just passed a river; where the front had halted till all were come over); and
in a more open part of the woods than any it had pass'd; attack'd its
advanced guard by a heavy fire from behind trees and bushes; which was
the first intelligence the general had of an enemy's being near him。 This
guard being disordered; the general hurried the troops up to their
assistance; which was done in great confusion; thro' waggons; baggage;
and cattle; and presently the fire came upon their flank: the officers; being
on horseback; were more easily distinguish'd; pick'd out as marks; and fell
very fast; and the soldiers were crowded together in a huddle; having or
hearing no orders; and standing to be shot at till two…thirds of them were
killed; and then; being seiz'd with a panick; the whole fled with
precipitation。
The waggoners took each a horse out of his team and scamper'd; their
example was immediately followed by others; so that all the waggons;
provisions; artillery; and stores were left to the enemy。 The general; being
wounded; was brought off with difficulty; his secretary; Mr。 Shirley; was
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killed by his side; and out of eighty…six officers; sixty…three were killed or
wounded; and seven hundred and fourteen men killed out of eleven
hundred。 These eleven hundred had been picked men from the whole army;
the rest had been left behind with Colonel Dunbar; who was to follow with
the heavier part of the stores; provisions; and baggage。 The flyers; not
being pursu'd; arriv'd at Dunbar's camp; and the panick they brought with
them instantly seiz'd him and all his people; and; tho' he had now above
one thousand men; and the enemy who bad beaten Braddock did not at
most exceed four hundred Indians and French together; instead of
proceeding; and endeavoring to recover some of the lost honour; he
ordered all the stores; ammunition; etc。; t