第 38 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9322
  yet the great number of the instances in a populous city; and its frequent
  repetitions give it weight and consequence; perhaps they will not censure
  very severely those who bestow some attention to affairs of this seemingly
  low   nature。   Human   felicity   is   produc'd   not   so   much   by   great   pieces   of
  good fortune that seldom happen; as by little advantages that occur every
  day。 Thus; if you teach a poor young man to shave himself; and keep his
  razor in order; you may contribute more to the happiness of his life than in
  giving him a thousand guineas。 The money may be soon spent; the regret
  only remaining of having foolishly consumed it; but in the other case; he
  escapes      the   frequent    vexation     of   waiting    for   barbers;    and   of   their
  sometimes       dirty   fingers;   offensive    breaths;   and   dull   razors;   he   shaves
  when most convenient to him; and enjoys daily the pleasure of its being
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  done with a good instrument。 With these sentiments I have hazarded the
  few   preceding   pages;   hoping   they   may   afford   hints   which   some   time   or
  other may  be   useful to  a   city  I love;  having   lived   many  years   in   it   very
  happily; and perhaps to some of our towns in America。
  Having   been   for   some   time   employed   by   the   postmaster…general   of
  America as his comptroller in regulating several offices; and bringing the
  officers to account; I was; upon his death in 1753; appointed; jointly with
  Mr。     William      Hunter;    to   succeed      him;    by   a   commission       from     the
  postmaster…general   in   England。   The   American   office   never   had   hitherto
  paid any thing to that of Britain。 We were to have six hundred pounds a
  year between us; if we could make that sum out of the profits of the office。
  To do this; a variety of improvements were necessary; some of these were
  inevitably   at     first  expensive;    so   that  in  the   first  four   years   the  office
  became above nine hundred pounds in debt to us。 But it soon after began
  to   repay   us;   and   before   I   was   displac'd   by   a   freak   of   the   ministers;   of
  which   I   shall   speak   hereafter;   we   had   brought   it   to   yield   three   times   as
  much clear   revenue to the crown   as the postoffice of   Ireland。 Since that
  imprudent transaction; they have receiv'd from it not one farthing!
  The business of the postoffice occasion'd my taking a journey this year
  to New England; where the College of Cambridge; of their own motion;
  presented      me    with    the   degree    of   Master     of   Arts。   Yale    College;    in
  Connecticut;   had   before   made   me   a   similar   compliment。   Thus;   without
  studying   in   any   college;   I   came   to   partake   of   their   honours。   They   were
  conferr'd   in    consideration   of   my   improvements   and   discoveries   in   the
  electric branch of natural philosophy。
  In   1754;   war   with   France   being   again   apprehended;   a   congress   of
  commissioners from the different colonies was; by an order of the Lords
  of Trade; to be assembled at Albany; there to confer with the chiefs of the
  Six   Nations   concerning   the   means   of   defending   both   their   country   and
  ours。 Governor Hamilton; having receiv'd this order; acquainted the House
  with it; requesting they would furnish proper presents for the Indians; to be
  given on this occasion; and naming the speaker (Mr。 Norris) and myself to
  join Mr。 Thomas Penn and Mr。 Secretary Peters as commissioners to act
  for   Pennsylvania。 The   House   approv'd   the nomination;   and provided   the
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  goods for the present; and tho' they did not much like treating out of the
  provinces;      and   we   met   the   other   commissioners       at  Albany    about    the
  middle of June。
  In our way thither; I projected and drew a plan for the union of all the
  colonies under one government; so far as might be necessary for defense;
  and other important general purposes。 As we pass'd thro' New York; I had
  there   shown   my   project   to   Mr。   James Alexander   and   Mr。   Kennedy;   two
  gentlemen   of   great   knowledge   in   public   affairs;   and;   being   fortified   by
  their approbation; I ventur'd to lay it before the Congress。 It then appeared
  that   several   of   the   commissioners   had   form'd   plans   of   the   same   kind。 A
  previous question was first taken; whether a union should be established;
  which     pass'd    in  the  affirmative     unanimously。      A   committee      was   then
  appointed;   one   member   from   each   colony;   to   consider   the   several   plans
  and report。  Mine happen'd to   be preferr'd;  and; with   a   few  amendments;
  was accordingly reported。
  By   this   plan   the   general   government   was   to   be   administered   by   a
  president…general;   appointed   and   supported   by   the   crown;   and   a   grand
  council   was   to   be   chosen     by   the   representatives   of   the   people   of  the
  several colonies; met in their respective assemblies。 The debates upon it in
  Congress   went   on   daily;   hand   in   hand   with   the   Indian   business。   Many
  objections      and   difficulties   were    started;   but   at  length    they   were    all
  overcome; and the plan was unanimously agreed to; and copies ordered to
  be transmitted to the Board of Trade and to the assemblies of the several
  provinces。 Its fate was singular: the assemblies did not adopt it; as they all
  thought there was too much prerogative in it; and in England it was judg'd
  to have too much of the democratic。
  The Board of Trade therefore did not approve of it; nor recommend it
  for   the   approbation      of  his  majesty;     but  another    scheme     was    form'd;
  supposed to answer the same purpose better; whereby the governors of the
  provinces; with some members of their respective councils; were to meet
  and order the raising of troops; building of forts; etc。; and to draw on the
  treasury   of   Great   Britain   for   the   expense;   which   was   afterwards   to   be
  refunded by an act of Parliament laying a tax on America。 My plan; with
  my reasons in support of it; is to be found among my political papers that
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  are printed。
  Being the winter following in Boston; I had much conversation with
  Governor Shirley upon both the plans。 Part of what passed between us on
  the   occasion   may   also   be   seen   among   those   papers。   The   different   and
  contrary reasons of dislike to my plan makes me suspect that it was really
  the true medium; and I am still of opinion it would have been happy for
  both sides the water if it had been adopted。 The colonies; so united; would
  have   been   sufficiently   strong   to   have   defended   themselves;   there   would
  then have been no need of troops from England; of course; the subsequent
  pretence for taxing America; and the bloody contest it occasioned; would
  have been avoided。 But such mistakes are not new; history is full of the
  errors of states and princes。
  Look round the habitable world; how few Know their own good; or;
  knowing it; pursue!
  Those     who    govern;    having    much    business     on  their   hands;   do   not
  generally      like  to   take   the   trouble   of   considering     and    carrying    into
  execution   new   projects。   The   best   public   measures   are   therefore   seldom
  adopted from previous wisdom; but forc'd by the occasion。
  The   Governor   of   Pennsylvania;   in   sending   it   down   to   the Assembly;
  express'd his approbation of the plan; 〃as appearing to him to be drawn up
  with great clearness and strength of judgment; and therefore recommended
  it as well worthy of their closest and most serious attention。〃 The House;
  however;   by   the   management   of   a   certain   member;   took   it   up   when   I
  happen'd   to   be   absent;   which   I   thought   not   very   fair;   and   reprobated   it
  without paying any attention to it at all; to my no small mortification。
  In my journey to Boston this year; I  met at New York with our  new
  governor;  Mr。  Morris;  just   arriv'd there   from  England;   with   whom  I   had
  been before intimately acquainted。 He brought a commission to supersede
  Mr。   Hamilton;   who;   tir'd   with   the   disputes   his   proprietary   instructions
  subjected him to; had resign'd。 Mr。 Mor