第 34 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9318
  See the votes。'Marg。 note。'
  It was in allusion to this fact that; when in our fire company we feared
  the success of our proposal in favour of the lottery; and I had said to my
  friend Mr。 Syng; one of our members; 〃If we fail; let us move the purchase
  of a fire…engine with the money; the Quakers can have no objection to that;
  and then; if you nominate me and I you as a committee for that purpose;
  we will buy a great gun; which is certainly a fire…engine。〃 〃I see;〃 says he;
  〃you   have   improv'd   by   being   so   long   in   the   Assembly;   your   equivocal
  project would be just a match for their wheat or other grain。〃
  These      embarrassments        that    the   Quakers      suffer'd    from    having
  establish'd and published it as one of their principles that no kind of war
  was lawful; and which; being once published; they could not afterwards;
  however they might change their minds; easily get rid of; reminds me of
  what I think a more prudent conduct in another sect among us; that of the
  Dunkers。 I was acquainted with one of its founders; Michael Welfare; soon
  after    it  appear'd。    He    complain'd      to  me    that   they    were    grievously
  calumniated       by    the   zealots   of   other   persuasions;      and   charg'd    with
  abominable principles and practices; to which they were utter strangers。 I
  told him this had always been the case with new sects; and that; to put a
  stop to such abuse; I imagin'd it might be well to publish the articles of
  their   belief;   and   the   rules   of   their   discipline。   He   said   that   it   had   been
  propos'd among them; but not agreed to; for this reason: 〃When we were
  first drawn together as a society;〃 says he; 〃it had pleased God to enlighten
  our minds so far as to see that some doctrines; which we once esteemed
  truths; were errors; and that others; which we had esteemed errors; were
  real   truths。   From   time   to   time   He   has   been   pleased   to   afford   us   farther
  light; and our principles have been improving; and our errors diminishing。
  Now we are not sure that we are arrived at the end of this progression; and
  at the perfection of spiritual or theological knowledge; and we fear that; if
  we should once print our confession of faith; we should feel ourselves as if
  bound   and   confin'd   by   it;   and   perhaps   be   unwilling   to   receive   farther
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  improvement;   and   our   successors   still   more   so;   as   conceiving   what   we
  their   elders   and   founders had   done;  to   be something sacred;  never   to   be
  departed from。〃
  This modesty in a sect is perhaps a singular instance in the history of
  mankind; every other sect supposing itself in possession of all truth; and
  that those who differ are so far in the wrong; like a man traveling in foggy
  weather; those at some distance before him on the road he sees wrapped
  up in the fog; as well as those behind him; and also the people in the fields
  on each side; but near him all appears clear; tho' in truth he is as much in
  the fog as any of them。 To avoid this kind of embarrassment; the Quakers
  have    of  late  years   been    gradually    declining    the  public   service    in  the
  Assembly and in the magistracy; choosing rather to quit their power than
  their principle。
  In order of time; I should have mentioned before; that having; in 1742;
  invented an open stove for the better warming of rooms; and at the same
  time saving fuel; as the fresh air admitted was warmed in entering; I made
  a present of the model to Mr。 Robert Grace; one of my early friends; who;
  having an iron…furnace; found the casting of the plates for these stoves a
  profitable thing; as they were growing in demand。 To promote that demand;
  I   wrote   and   published    a  pamphlet;     entitled   〃An   Account     of  the  new…
  invented Pennsylvania Fireplaces; wherein their Construction and Manner
  of Operation is particularly explained; their Advantages above every other
  Method   of   warming   Rooms   demonstrated;   and   all   Objections   that   have
  been   raised   against   the   Use   of   them   answered   and   obviated;〃   etc。   This
  pamphlet      had   a  good    effect。  Gov'r。   Thomas      was   so  pleas'd   with   the
  construction of this stove; as described in it; that he offered to give me a
  patent for the sole vending of them for a term of   years; but I declin'd it
  from a principle which has ever weighed with me on such occasions; viz。;
  That;   as   we   enjoy   great   advantages   from   the   inventions   of   others;   we
  should be glad of an opportunity to serve others by any invention of ours;
  and this we should do freely and generously。
  An   ironmonger       in  London     however;    assuming   a    good    deal  of  my
  pamphlet; and working it up into his own; and making some small changes
  in the machine;  which rather hurt its   operation; got   a patent   for it   there;
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  and   made;   as   I   was   told;   a   little   fortune   by   it。 And   this   is   not   the   only
  instance of patents taken out for my inventions by others; tho' not always
  with   the   same   success;   which   I   never   contested;   as   having   no   desire   of
  profiting     by   patents    myself;     and    hating    disputes。    The    use   of   these
  fireplaces in very many houses; both of this and the neighbouring colonies;
  has been; and is; a great saving of wood to the inhabitants。
  Peace   being   concluded;   and   the   association   business   therefore   at   an
  end; I turn'd my thoughts again to the affair of establishing an academy。
  The   first   step   I   took   was   to   associate   in   the   design   a   number   of   active
  friends; of whom  the Junto furnished   a good part; the next   was to   write
  and   publish   a   pamphlet;   entitled   Proposals   Relating   to   the   Education   of
  Youth in Pennsylvania。 This I distributed among the principal inhabitants
  gratis; and as soon as I could suppose their minds a little prepared by the
  perusal of   it;   I   set   on   foot   a   subscription   for  opening   and   supporting   an
  academy; it was to be paid in quotas yearly for five years; by so dividing it;
  I   judg'd    the   subscription     might     be   larger;   and   I  believe    it  was    so;
  amounting to no less; if I remember right; than five thousand pounds。
  In the introduction to these proposals; I stated their publication; not as
  an act of mine; but of some publick…spirited gentlemen; avoiding as much
  as I could; according to my usual rule; the presenting myself to the publick
  as the author of any scheme for their benefit。
  The subscribers; to carry the project into immediate execution; chose
  out of their number twenty…four trustees; and appointed Mr。 Francis; then
  attorney…general; and myself to draw up constitutions for the government
  of the academy; which being done and signed; a house was hired; masters
  engag'd; and the schools opened; I think; in the same year; 1749。
  The scholars increasing fast; the house was soon found too small; and
  we     were    looking    out   for   a  piece   of   ground;     properly    situated;    with
  intention   to   build;   when   Providence   threw   into   our   way   a   large   house
  ready built; which; with a few alterations; might well serve our purpose。
  This   was   the   building   before   mentioned;   erected   by   the   hearers   of   Mr。
  Whitefield; and was obtained for us in the following manner。
  It is to be noted that the contributions to this building being made by
  people of different sects; care was taken in the nomination of trustees; in
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  whom   the   building   and   ground   was   to   be   vested;   that   a   predominancy
  should not be given to any sect; lest in time that predominancy might be a
  means of appropriating the whole to the use of such sect; contrary to the
  original   intention。   It   was   therefore   that   one   of   each   sect   was   appointed;
  viz。;   one    Church…of…England          man;    one   Presbyterian;      one   Baptist;    one
  Moravian;   etc。;   those;   in   case   of   vacancy   by   death;   were   to   fill   it   by
  election     from    among      the  contributors。     The    Moravian      happen'd      not  to
  please his colleagues; and on his death they resolved to have no other of
  that sect。 The difficulty then was; how to avoid having two of some other
  sect; by means of t