第 33 节
作者:
天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9314
103
… Page 104…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
me at the next election; and he; therefore; in good will; advis'd me to
resign; as more consistent with my honour than being turn'd out。 My
answer to him was; that I had read or heard of some public man who made
it a rule never to ask for an office; and never to refuse one when offer'd to
him。 〃I approve;〃 says I; 〃of his rule; and will practice it with a small
addition; I shall never ask; never refuse; nor ever resign an office。 If they
will have my office of clerk to dispose of to another; they shall take it from
me。 I will not; by giving it up; lose my right of some time or other making
reprisals on my adversaries。〃 I heard; however; no more of this; I was
chosen again unanimously as usual at the next election。 Possibly; as they
dislik'd my late intimacy with the members of council; who had join'd the
governors in all the disputes about military preparations; with which the
House had long been harass'd; they might have been pleas'd if I would
voluntarily have left them; but they did not care to displace me on account
merely of my zeal for the association; and they could not well give another
reason。
Indeed I had some cause to believe that the defense of the country was
not disagreeable to any of them; provided they were not requir'd to assist
in it。 And I found that a much greater number of them than I could have
imagined; tho' against offensive war; were clearly for the defensive。 Many
pamphlets pro and con were publish'd on the subject; and some by good
Quakers; in favour of defense; which I believe convinc'd most of their
younger people。
A transaction in our fire company gave me some insight into their
prevailing sentiments。 It had been propos'd that we should encourage the
scheme for building a battery by laying out the present stock; then about
sixty pounds; in tickets of the lottery。 By our rules; no money could be
dispos'd of till the next meeting after the proposal。 The company consisted
of thirty members; of which twenty…two were Quakers; and eight only of
other persuasions。 We eight punctually attended the meeting; but; tho' we
thought that some of the Quakers would join us; we were by no means
sure of a majority。 Only one Quaker; Mr。 James Morris; appear'd to oppose
the measure。 He expressed much sorrow that it had ever been propos'd; as
he said Friends were all against it; and it would create such discord as
104
… Page 105…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
might break up the company。 We told him that we saw no reason for that;
we were the minority; and if Friends were against the measure; and
outvoted us; we must and should; agreeably to the usage of all societies;
submit。 When the hour for business arriv'd it was mov'd to put the vote; he
allow'd we might then do it by the rules; but; as he could assure us that a
number of members intended to be present for the purpose of opposing it;
it would be but candid to allow a little time for their appearing。
While we were disputing this; a waiter came to tell me two gentlemen
below desir'd to speak with me。 I went down; and found they were two of
our Quaker members。 They told me there were eight of them assembled at
a tavern just by; that they were determin'd to come and vote with us if
there should be occasion; which they hop'd would not be the case; and
desir'd we would not call for their assistance if we could do without it; as
their voting for such a measure might embroil them with their elders and
friends。 Being thus secure of a majority; I went up; and after a little
seeming hesitation; agreed to a delay of another hour。 This Mr。 Morris
allow'd to be extreamly fair。 Not one of his opposing friends appear'd; at
which he express'd great surprize; and; at the expiration of the hour; we
carry'd the resolution eight to one; and as; of the twenty…two Quakers;
eight were ready to vote with us; and thirteen; by their absence; manifested
that they were not inclin'd to oppose the measure; I afterward estimated
the proportion of Quakers sincerely against defense as one to twenty…one
only; for these were all regular members of that society; and in good
reputation among them; and had due notice of what was propos'd at that
meeting。
The honorable and learned Mr。 Logan; who had always been of that
sect; was one who wrote an address to them; declaring his approbation of
defensive war; and supporting his opinion by many strong arguments。 He
put into my hands sixty pounds to be laid out in lottery tickets for the
battery; with directions to apply what prizes might be drawn wholly to that
service。 He told me the following anecdote of his old master; William
Penn; respecting defense。 He came over from England; when a young man;
with that proprietary; and as his secretary。 It was war…time; and their ship
was chas'd by an armed vessel; suppos'd to be an enemy。 Their captain
105
… Page 106…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
prepar'd for defense; but told William Penn and his company of Quakers;
that he did not expect their assistance; and they might retire into the cabin;
which they did; except James Logan; who chose to stay upon deck; and
was quarter'd to a gun。 The suppos'd enemy prov'd a friend; so there was
no fighting; but when the secretary went down to communicate the
intelligence; William Penn rebuk'd him severely for staying upon deck;
and undertaking to assist in defending the vessel; contrary to the principles
of Friends; especially as it had not been required by the captain。 This
reproof; being before all the company; piqu'd the secretary; who answer'd;
〃I being thy servant; why did thee not order me to come down? But thee
was willing enough that I should stay and help to fight the ship when thee
thought there was danger。〃
My being many years in the Assembly; the majority of which were
constantly Quakers; gave me frequent opportunities of seeing the
embarrassment given them by their principle against war; whenever
application was made to them; by order of the crown; to grant aids for
military purposes。 They were unwilling to offend government; on the one
hand; by a direct refusal; and their friends; the body of the Quakers; on the
other; by a compliance contrary to their principles; hence a variety of
evasions to avoid complying; and modes of disguising the compliance
when it became unavoidable。 The common mode at last was; to grant
money under the phrase of its being 〃for the king's use;〃 and never to
inquire how it was applied。
But; if the demand was not directly from the crown; that phrase was
found not so proper; and some other was to be invented。 As; when powder
was wanting (I think it was for the garrison at Louisburg); and the
government of New England solicited a grant of some from Pennsilvania;
which was much urg'd on the House by Governor Thomas; they could not
grant money to buy powder; because that was an ingredient of war; but
they voted an aid to New England of three thousand pounds; to he put into
the hands of the governor; and appropriated it for the purchasing of bread;
flour; wheat; or other grain。 Some of the council; desirous of giving the
House still further embarrassment; advis'd the governor not to accept
provision; as not being the thing he had demanded; but be reply'd; 〃I shall
106
… Page 107…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
take the money; for I understand very well their meaning; other grain is
gunpowder;〃 which he accordingly bought; and they never objected to
it。
See the votes。'Marg。 note。'
It was in allusion to this fact that; when in our fire company we feared
the success of our proposal i