第 31 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9304
  vested in trustees; expressly for the use of any preacher of any religious
  persuasion      who     might     desire   to   say   something       to  the   people     at
  Philadelphia;      the   design    in  building    not   being    to  accommodate        any
  particular sect; but the inhabitants in general; so that even if the Mufti of
  Constantinople were to send a missionary to preach Mohammedanism to
  us; he would find a pulpit at his service。
  97
  … Page 98…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  Mr。   Whitefield;   in   leaving   us;   went   preaching   all   the   way   thro'   the
  colonies to Georgia。 The settlement of that province had lately been begun;
  but;    instead    of   being     made     with    hardy;    industrious     husbandmen;
  accustomed to labor; the only people fit for such an enterprise; it was with
  families   of   broken     shop…keepers   and   other   insolvent   debtors;   many   of
  indolent and idle habits; taken out of the jails; who; being set down in the
  woods; unqualified for clearing land; and unable to endure the hardships
  of a new settlement; perished in numbers; leaving many helpless children
  unprovided       for。   The    sight   of  their   miserable     situation    inspir'd   the
  benevolent   heart   of   Mr。  Whitefield   with   the   idea   of   building   an   Orphan
  House there;  in   which they  might   be supported   and   educated。  Returning
  northward; he preach'd up this charity; and made large collections; for his
  eloquence had a wonderful power over the hearts and purses of his hearers;
  of which I myself was an instance。
  I did not disapprove of the design; but; as Georgia was then destitute
  of   materials    and    workmen;      and   it  was   proposed     to  send    them   from
  Philadelphia   at   a   great   expense;   I   thought   it   would   have   been   better   to
  have built the house here; and brought the children to it。 This I advis'd; but
  he   was   resolute   in   his   first   project;  rejected   my   counsel;  and   I  therefore
  refus'd to contribute。 I happened soon after to attend one of his sermons; in
  the course of which I perceived he intended to finish with a collection; and
  I silently resolved he should get nothing from me; I had in my pocket a
  handful of copper money; three or four silver dollars; and five pistoles in
  gold。 As he proceeded I began to soften; and concluded to give the coppers。
  Another stroke of his oratory made me asham'd of that; and determin'd me
  to give the silver; and he finish'd so admirably; that I empty'd my pocket
  wholly into the collector's dish; gold and all。 At this sermon there was also
  one of our club; who; being of my sentiments respecting the building in
  Georgia; and suspecting a collection might be intended; had; by precaution;
  emptied his pockets before he came from home。 Towards the conclusion
  of the discourse; however; he felt a strong desire to give; and apply'd to a
  neighbour; who stood near him; to borrow some money for the purpose。
  The application was unfortunately 'made' to perhaps the only man in the
  company   who   had   the   firmness   not   to   be   affected   by   the   preacher。   His
  98
  … Page 99…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  answer was; 〃At any other time; Friend Hopkinson; I would lend to thee
  freely; but not now; for thee seems to be out of thy right senses。〃
  Some of Mr。 Whitefield's enemies affected to suppose that he would
  apply   these   collections   to   his   own   private   emolument;   but   I   who   was
  intimately acquainted with him (being employed in printing his Sermons
  and Journals; etc。); never had the least suspicion of his integrity; but am to
  this   day   decidedly   of   opinion   that   he   was   in   all   his   conduct   a   perfectly
  honest man; and methinks my testimony in his favour ought to have the
  more      weight;     as  we    had    no    religious    connection。      He    us'd;   indeed;
  sometimes   to   pray   for   my   conversion;   but   never   had   the   satisfaction   of
  believing   that   his prayers   were   heard。  Ours   was   a   mere   civil   friendship;
  sincere on both sides; and lasted to his death。
  The following instance will show something of the terms on which we
  stood。 Upon one of his arrivals from England at Boston; he wrote to me
  that he should come   soon to Philadelphia; but knew not where he  could
  lodge when there; as he understood his old friend and host; Mr。 Benezet;
  was removed to Germantown。 My answer was; 〃You know my house; if
  you   can   make   shift   with   its   scanty   accommodations;   you   will   be   most
  heartily welcome。〃   He   reply'd;  that   if   I made   that kind   offer   for   Christ's
  sake;   I   should   not   miss   of   a   reward。   And   I   returned;   〃Don't   let   me   be
  mistaken;   it   was   not   for   Christ's   sake;   but   for   your   sake。〃   One   of   our
  common acquaintance jocosely remark'd; that; knowing it to be the custom
  of   the   saints;   when   they   received   any   favour;   to   shift   the   burden   of   the
  obligation   from   off   their   own   shoulders;   and   place   it   in   heaven;   I   had
  contriv'd to fix it on earth。
  The last time I saw Mr。 Whitefield was in London; when he consulted
  me about his Orphan House concern; and his purpose of appropriating it to
  the establishment of a college。
  He had a loud and clear voice; and articulated his words and sentences
  so   perfectly;   that   he   might   be   heard   and   understood   at   a   great   distance;
  especially  as   his   auditories;   however   numerous;   observ'd   the   most   exact
  silence。 He   preach'd   one   evening   from  the   top of   the   Court…house steps;
  which are in the middle of Market…street; and on the west side of Second…
  street;   which   crosses   it   at   right   angles。   Both   streets   were   fill'd   with   his
  99
  … Page 100…
  THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
  hearers to a considerable distance。 Being among the hindmost in Market…
  street; I had the curiosity to learn how far he could be heard; by retiring
  backwards down the street towards the river; and I found his voice distinct
  till   I   came   near   Front…street;   when   some   noise   in   that   street   obscur'd   it。
  Imagining then a semi…circle; of which my distance should be the radius;
  and that it were fill'd with auditors; to each of whom I allow'd two square
  feet; I computed that he might well be heard by more than thirty thousand。
  This   reconcil'd   me   to   the   newspaper   accounts   of   his   having   preach'd   to
  twenty…five thousand   people   in   the   fields;   and   to   the   antient   histories   of
  generals haranguing whole armies; of which I had sometimes doubted。
  By  hearing   him  often;   I   came  to   distinguish   easily  between   sermons
  newly compos'd; and those which he had often preach'd in the course of
  his    travels。  His    delivery    of  the   latter  was    so   improv'd     by   frequent
  repetitions that every accent; every emphasis; every modulation of voice;
  was so perfectly well turn'd and well plac'd; that; without being interested
  in   the   subject;   one   could   not   help   being   pleas'd   with   the   discourse;   a
  pleasure of much the same kind with that receiv'd from an excellent piece
  of musick。 This is an advantage itinerant preachers have over those who
  are stationary; as the latter can not well improve their delivery of a sermon
  by so many rehearsals。
  His writing and printing from time to time gave great advantage to his
  enemies; unguarded expressions; and   even erroneous opinions;  delivered
  in    preaching;     might    have    been    afterwards     explain'd    or   qualifi'd   by
  supposing others that   might have accompani'd them; or   they  might have
  been deny'd; but litera scripta monet。 Critics attack'd his writings violently;
  and with so much appearance of reason as to diminish the number of his
  votaries and prevent their encrease; so that I am of opinion if he had never
  written any thing; he would have left behind him a much more numerous
  and   important   sect;   and his   reputation   might in that   case have   been   still
  growing;   even   after   his   death;   as   there   being   nothing   of   his   writing   on
  which to found a censure and give him a lower character; his proselytes
  would be left at liberty to feign for him as great a variety of excellence as
  their enthusiastic admiration might wish him to have possessed。
  My business was now continually augmenting; and my circumstances