第 28 节
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天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9322
considerable profit from it; vending annually near ten thousand。 And
observing that it was generally read; scarce any neighborhood in the
province being without it; I consider'd it as a proper vehicle for conveying
instruction among the common people; who bought scarcely any other
books; I therefore filled all the little spaces that occurr'd between the
remarkable days in the calendar with proverbial sentences; chiefly such as
inculcated industry and frugality; as the means of procuring wealth; and
thereby securing virtue; it being more difficult for a man in want; to act
always honestly; as; to use here one of those proverbs; it is hard for an
empty sack to stand up…right。
These proverbs; which contained the wisdom of many ages and
nations; I assembled and form'd into a connected discourse prefix'd to the
Almanack of 1757; as the harangue of a wise old man to the people
attending an auction。 The bringing all these scatter'd counsels thus into a
focus enabled them to make greater impression。 The piece; being
universally approved; was copied in all the newspapers of the Continent;
reprinted in Britain on a broad side; to be stuck up in houses; two
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translations were made of it in French; and great numbers bought by the
clergy and gentry; to distribute gratis among their poor parishioners and
tenants。 In Pennsylvania; as it discouraged useless expense in foreign
superfluities; some thought it had its share of influence in producing that
growing plenty of money which was observable for several years after its
publication。
I considered my newspaper; also; as another means of communicating
instruction; and in that view frequently reprinted in it extracts from the
Spectator; and other moral writers; and sometimes publish'd little pieces of
my own; which had been first compos'd for reading in our Junto。 Of these
are a Socratic dialogue; tending to prove that; whatever might be his parts
and abilities; a vicious man could not properly be called a man of sense;
and a discourse on self…denial; showing that virtue was not secure till its
practice became a habitude; and was free from the opposition of contrary
inclinations。 These may be found in the papers about the beginning Of
1735。
In the conduct of my newspaper; I carefully excluded all libelling and
personal abuse; which is of late years become so disgraceful to our
country。 Whenever I was solicited to insert anything of that kind; and the
writers pleaded; as they generally did; the liberty of the press; and that a
newspaper was like a stagecoach; in which any one who would pay had a
right to a place; my answer was; that I would print the piece separately if
desired; and the author might have as many copies as he pleased to
distribute himself; but that I would not take upon me to spread his
detraction; and that; having contracted with my subscribers to furnish
them with what might be either useful or entertaining; I could not fill their
papers with private altercation; in which they had no concern; without
doing them manifest injustice。 Now; many of our printers make no scruple
of gratifying the malice of individuals by false accusations of the fairest
characters among ourselves; augmenting animosity even to the producing
of duels; and are; moreover; so indiscreet as to print scurrilous reflections
on the government of neighboring states; and even on the conduct of our
best national allies; which may be attended with the most pernicious
consequences。 These things I mention as a caution to young printers; and
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that they may be encouraged not to pollute their presses and disgrace their
profession by such infamous practices; but refuse steadily; as they may see
by my example that such a course of conduct will not; on the whole; be
injurious to their interests。
In 1733 I sent one of my journeymen to Charleston; South Carolina;
where a printer was wanting。 I furnish'd him with a press and letters; on an
agreement of partnership; by which I was to receive one…third of the
profits of the business; paying one…third of the expense。 He was a man of
learning; and honest but ignorant in matters of account; and; tho' he
sometimes made me remittances; I could get no account from him; nor any
satisfactory state of our partnership while he lived。 On his decease; the
business was continued by his widow; who; being born and bred in
Holland; where; as I have been inform'd; the knowledge of accounts
makes a part of female education; she not only sent me as clear a state as
she could find of the transactions past; but continued to account with the
greatest regularity and exactness every quarter afterwards; and managed
the business with such success; that she not only brought up reputably a
family of children; but; at the expiration of the term; was able to purchase
of me the printing…house; and establish her son in it。
I mention this affair chiefly for the sake of recommending that branch
of education for our young females; as likely to be of more use to them
and their children; in case of widowhood; than either music or dancing; by
preserving them from losses by imposition of crafty men; and enabling
them to continue; perhaps; a profitable mercantile house; with establish'd
correspondence; till a son is grown up fit to undertake and go on with it; to
the lasting advantage and enriching of the family。
About the year 1734 there arrived among us from Ireland a young
Presbyterian preacher; named Hemphill; who delivered with a good voice;
and apparently extempore; most excellent discourses; which drew together
considerable numbers of different persuasion; who join'd in admiring them。
Among the rest; I became one of his constant hearers; his sermons
pleasing me; as they had little of the dogmatical kind; but inculcated
strongly the practice of virtue; or what in the religious stile are called good
works。 Those; however; of our congregation; who considered themselves
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as orthodox Presbyterians; disapprov'd his doctrine; and were join'd by
most of the old clergy; who arraign'd him of heterodoxy before the synod;
in order to have him silenc'd。 I became his zealous partisan; and
contributed all I could to raise a party in his favour; and we combated for
him a while with some hopes of success。 There was much scribbling pro
and con upon the occasion; and finding that; tho' an elegant preacher; he
was but a poor writer; I lent him my pen and wrote for him two or three
pamphlets; and one piece in the Gazette of April; 1735。 Those pamphlets;
as is generally the case with controversial writings; tho' eagerly read at the
time; were soon out of vogue; and I question whether a single copy of
them now exists。
During the contest an unlucky occurrence hurt his cause exceedingly。
One of our adversaries having heard him preach a sermon that was much
admired; thought he had somewhere read the sermon before; or at least a
part of it。 On search he found that part quoted at length; in one of the
British Reviews; from a discourse of Dr。 Foster's。 This detection gave
many of our party disgust; who accordingly abandoned his cause; and
occasion'd our more speedy discomfiture in the synod。 I stuck by him;
however; as I rather approv'd his giving us good sermons compos'd by
others; than bad ones of his own manufacture; tho' the latter was the
practice of our common teachers。 He afterward acknowledg'd to me that
none of those he preach'd were his own; adding; that his memory was such
as enabled him to retain and repeat any sermon after one reading only。 On
our defeat; he left u