第 26 节
作者:天净沙      更新:2022-05-01 22:41      字数:9316
  voyages and business abroad; with a multiplicity of affairs that interfered;
  but I always carried my little book with me。
  My  scheme   of   ORDER   gave   me   the   most   trouble;   and   I   found   that;
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  tho' it might be practicable where a man's business was such as to leave
  him the disposition of his time; that of a journeyman printer; for instance;
  it was not possible to be exactly observed by a master; who must mix with
  the world; and often receive people of business at their own hours。 Order;
  too;   with   regard    to  places   for  things;   papers;   etc。;  I  found   extreamly
  difficult to acquire。 I had not been early accustomed to it; and; having an
  exceeding      good    memory;     I  was   not   so  sensible   of  the   inconvenience
  attending want of method。 This article; therefore; cost me so much painful
  attention;   and   my   faults   in   it   vexed   me   so   much;   and   I   made   so   little
  progress in amendment; and had such frequent relapses; that I was almost
  ready to give up the attempt; and content myself with a faulty character in
  that respect; like the man who; in buying an ax of a smith; my neighbour;
  desired to have the whole of its surface as bright as the edge。 The smith
  consented to grind it bright for him if he would turn the wheel; he turn'd;
  while the smith press'd the broad face of the ax hard and heavily on the
  stone; which made the turning of it very fatiguing。 The man came every
  now and then from the wheel to see how the work went on; and at length
  would take his ax as it was; without farther grinding。 〃No;〃 said the smith;
  〃turn   on;   turn   on;   we   shall   have   it   bright   by…and…by;   as   yet;   it   is   only
  speckled。〃 〃Yes;〃 said the man; 〃but I think I like a speckled ax best。〃 And
  I believe this may have been the case with many; who; having; for want of
  some such means as I employ'd; found the difficulty of obtaining good and
  breaking bad habits in other points of vice and virtue; have given up the
  struggle; and concluded that 〃a speckled ax was best〃; for something; that
  pretended   to   be   reason;   was   every   now   and   then   suggesting   to   me   that
  such extream nicety as I exacted of myself might be a kind of foppery in
  morals; which; if it were known; would make me ridiculous; that a perfect
  character might be attended   with the inconvenience of being envied   and
  hated; and that a benevolent man should allow a few faults in himself; to
  keep his friends in countenance。
  In truth; I found myself incorrigible with respect to Order; and now I
  am grown old; and my memory bad; I feel very sensibly the want of it。 But;
  on the whole; tho' I never arrived at the perfection I had been so ambitious
  of obtaining; but fell far short of it; yet I was; by the endeavour; a better
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  and     a  happier    man     than   I  otherwise      should    have    been    if  I  had   not
  attempted it; as those who aim at perfect writing by imitating the engraved
  copies;   tho'   they   never   reach   the   wish'd…for   excellence   of   those   copies;
  their hand is mended by the endeavor; and is tolerable while it continues
  fair and legible。
  It   may   be   well   my   posterity   should   be   informed   that   to   this   little
  artifice; with the blessing of God; their ancestor ow'd the constant felicity
  of his life; down to his 79th year; in which this is written。 What reverses
  may attend the remainder is in the hand of Providence; but; if they arrive;
  the   reflection   on   past   happiness   enjoy'd   ought   to   help   his   bearing   them
  with    more     resignation。     To   Temperance       he   ascribes    his   long…continued
  health; and what is still left to him of a good constitution; to Industry and
  Frugality;   the   early   easiness   of   his   circumstances   and   acquisition   of   his
  fortune; with   all that   knowledge that   enabled him to   be a useful   citizen;
  and   obtained   for   him   some   degree   of   reputation   among   the   learned;   to
  Sincerity   and   Justice;   the   confidence   of   his   country;   and   the   honorable
  employs   it   conferred   upon   him;   and   to   the   joint   influence   of   the   whole
  mass of the virtues; even in the imperfect state he was able to acquire them;
  all that evenness of temper; and that cheerfulness in conversation; which
  makes   his   company   still   sought   for;   and   agreeable   even   to   his   younger
  acquaintance。 I hope; therefore; that some of my descendants may follow
  the example and reap the benefit。 It will be remark'd that; tho' my scheme
  was   not   wholly   without   religion;   there   was   in   it   no   mark   of   any   of   the
  distingishing tenets of any particular sect。 I had purposely avoided them;
  for; being fully persuaded of the utility and excellency of my method; and
  that it might be serviceable to people in all religions; and intending some
  time  or   other  to   publish   it;   I   would   not   have   any  thing   in   it   that   should
  prejudice      any   one;   of   any   sect;   against   it。  I  purposed     writing    a  little
  comment on each virtue; in which I would have shown the advantages of
  possessing it; and the mischiefs attending its opposite vice; and I should
  have called my book THE ART OF VIRTUE; because it would have
  shown      the   means     and   manner      of  obtaining     virtue;   which     would    have
  distinguished       it  from    the  mere    exhortation      to  be   good;    that   does   not
  instruct   and   indicate   the   means;   but   is   like   the   apostle's   man   of   verbal
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  charity; who only without showing to the naked and hungry how or where
  they might get clothes or victuals; exhorted them to be fed and clothed。
  James ii。 15; 16。
  Nothing   so   likely   to   make   a   man's   fortune   as   virtue。   'Marg。
  note。'
  But   it   so   happened   that   my   intention   of   writing   and   publishing   this
  comment was never fulfilled。 I did; indeed; from time to time; put down
  short hints of the sentiments; reasonings; etc。; to be made use of in it; some
  of   which   I   have   still   by   me;   but   the   necessary  close   attention   to   private
  business   in   the   earlier   part   of   thy   life;   and   public   business   since;   have
  occasioned my postponing it; for; it being connected in my  mind with   a
  great and extensive project; that required the whole man to execute; and
  which an unforeseen succession of employs prevented my attending to; it
  has hitherto remain'd unfinish'd。
  In this piece it was my design to explain and enforce this doctrine; that
  vicious actions are not hurtful because they are forbidden; but forbidden
  because they are hurtful; the nature of man alone considered; that it was;
  therefore; every one's interest to be virtuous who wish'd to be happy even
  in this world; and I should; from this circumstance (there being always in
  the world a number of   rich merchants;  nobility; states;  and princes;  who
  have need of honest instruments for the management of their affairs; and
  such being so rare); have endeavored to convince young persons that no
  qualities were so likely to make a poor man's fortune as those of probity
  and integrity。
  My   list   of   virtues   contain'd   at   first   but   twelve;   but   a   Quaker   friend
  having   kindly  informed   me   that   I   was   generally  thought   proud;   that   my
  pride show'd itself frequently in conversation; that I was not content with
  being   in   the   right   when   discussing   any   point;   but   was   overbearing;   and
  rather insolent; of which he convinc'd me by mentioning several instances;
  I determined endeavouring to cure myself; if I could; of this vice or folly
  among   the   rest;   and   I   added   Humility   to   my   list)   giving   an   extensive
  meaning to the word。
  I cannot boast of much success in acquiring the reality of this virtue;
  but I had a good deal with regard to the appearance of it。 I made it a rule to
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  forbear all direct contradiction to the sentiments of others; and all positive
  assertion of my own。 I even forbid myself; agreeably to the old laws of our
  Junto; the use of every word or expression in the language that imported a
  fix'd opinion; such as certainl