第 26 节
作者:
天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9316
voyages and business abroad; with a multiplicity of affairs that interfered;
but I always carried my little book with me。
My scheme of ORDER gave me the most trouble; and I found that;
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tho' it might be practicable where a man's business was such as to leave
him the disposition of his time; that of a journeyman printer; for instance;
it was not possible to be exactly observed by a master; who must mix with
the world; and often receive people of business at their own hours。 Order;
too; with regard to places for things; papers; etc。; I found extreamly
difficult to acquire。 I had not been early accustomed to it; and; having an
exceeding good memory; I was not so sensible of the inconvenience
attending want of method。 This article; therefore; cost me so much painful
attention; and my faults in it vexed me so much; and I made so little
progress in amendment; and had such frequent relapses; that I was almost
ready to give up the attempt; and content myself with a faulty character in
that respect; like the man who; in buying an ax of a smith; my neighbour;
desired to have the whole of its surface as bright as the edge。 The smith
consented to grind it bright for him if he would turn the wheel; he turn'd;
while the smith press'd the broad face of the ax hard and heavily on the
stone; which made the turning of it very fatiguing。 The man came every
now and then from the wheel to see how the work went on; and at length
would take his ax as it was; without farther grinding。 〃No;〃 said the smith;
〃turn on; turn on; we shall have it bright by…and…by; as yet; it is only
speckled。〃 〃Yes;〃 said the man; 〃but I think I like a speckled ax best。〃 And
I believe this may have been the case with many; who; having; for want of
some such means as I employ'd; found the difficulty of obtaining good and
breaking bad habits in other points of vice and virtue; have given up the
struggle; and concluded that 〃a speckled ax was best〃; for something; that
pretended to be reason; was every now and then suggesting to me that
such extream nicety as I exacted of myself might be a kind of foppery in
morals; which; if it were known; would make me ridiculous; that a perfect
character might be attended with the inconvenience of being envied and
hated; and that a benevolent man should allow a few faults in himself; to
keep his friends in countenance。
In truth; I found myself incorrigible with respect to Order; and now I
am grown old; and my memory bad; I feel very sensibly the want of it。 But;
on the whole; tho' I never arrived at the perfection I had been so ambitious
of obtaining; but fell far short of it; yet I was; by the endeavour; a better
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and a happier man than I otherwise should have been if I had not
attempted it; as those who aim at perfect writing by imitating the engraved
copies; tho' they never reach the wish'd…for excellence of those copies;
their hand is mended by the endeavor; and is tolerable while it continues
fair and legible。
It may be well my posterity should be informed that to this little
artifice; with the blessing of God; their ancestor ow'd the constant felicity
of his life; down to his 79th year; in which this is written。 What reverses
may attend the remainder is in the hand of Providence; but; if they arrive;
the reflection on past happiness enjoy'd ought to help his bearing them
with more resignation。 To Temperance he ascribes his long…continued
health; and what is still left to him of a good constitution; to Industry and
Frugality; the early easiness of his circumstances and acquisition of his
fortune; with all that knowledge that enabled him to be a useful citizen;
and obtained for him some degree of reputation among the learned; to
Sincerity and Justice; the confidence of his country; and the honorable
employs it conferred upon him; and to the joint influence of the whole
mass of the virtues; even in the imperfect state he was able to acquire them;
all that evenness of temper; and that cheerfulness in conversation; which
makes his company still sought for; and agreeable even to his younger
acquaintance。 I hope; therefore; that some of my descendants may follow
the example and reap the benefit。 It will be remark'd that; tho' my scheme
was not wholly without religion; there was in it no mark of any of the
distingishing tenets of any particular sect。 I had purposely avoided them;
for; being fully persuaded of the utility and excellency of my method; and
that it might be serviceable to people in all religions; and intending some
time or other to publish it; I would not have any thing in it that should
prejudice any one; of any sect; against it。 I purposed writing a little
comment on each virtue; in which I would have shown the advantages of
possessing it; and the mischiefs attending its opposite vice; and I should
have called my book THE ART OF VIRTUE; because it would have
shown the means and manner of obtaining virtue; which would have
distinguished it from the mere exhortation to be good; that does not
instruct and indicate the means; but is like the apostle's man of verbal
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charity; who only without showing to the naked and hungry how or where
they might get clothes or victuals; exhorted them to be fed and clothed。
James ii。 15; 16。
Nothing so likely to make a man's fortune as virtue。 'Marg。
note。'
But it so happened that my intention of writing and publishing this
comment was never fulfilled。 I did; indeed; from time to time; put down
short hints of the sentiments; reasonings; etc。; to be made use of in it; some
of which I have still by me; but the necessary close attention to private
business in the earlier part of thy life; and public business since; have
occasioned my postponing it; for; it being connected in my mind with a
great and extensive project; that required the whole man to execute; and
which an unforeseen succession of employs prevented my attending to; it
has hitherto remain'd unfinish'd。
In this piece it was my design to explain and enforce this doctrine; that
vicious actions are not hurtful because they are forbidden; but forbidden
because they are hurtful; the nature of man alone considered; that it was;
therefore; every one's interest to be virtuous who wish'd to be happy even
in this world; and I should; from this circumstance (there being always in
the world a number of rich merchants; nobility; states; and princes; who
have need of honest instruments for the management of their affairs; and
such being so rare); have endeavored to convince young persons that no
qualities were so likely to make a poor man's fortune as those of probity
and integrity。
My list of virtues contain'd at first but twelve; but a Quaker friend
having kindly informed me that I was generally thought proud; that my
pride show'd itself frequently in conversation; that I was not content with
being in the right when discussing any point; but was overbearing; and
rather insolent; of which he convinc'd me by mentioning several instances;
I determined endeavouring to cure myself; if I could; of this vice or folly
among the rest; and I added Humility to my list) giving an extensive
meaning to the word。
I cannot boast of much success in acquiring the reality of this virtue;
but I had a good deal with regard to the appearance of it。 I made it a rule to
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forbear all direct contradiction to the sentiments of others; and all positive
assertion of my own。 I even forbid myself; agreeably to the old laws of our
Junto; the use of every word or expression in the language that imported a
fix'd opinion; such as certainl