第 4 节
作者:
天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9322
buried together at Boston; where I some years since placed a marble over
their grave; with this inscription:
JOSIAH FRANKLIN; and ABIAH his Wife; lie here interred。 They
lived lovingly together in wedlock fifty…five years。 Without an estate; or
any gainful employment; By constant labor and industry; with God's
blessing; They maintained a large family comfortably; and brought up
thirteen children and seven grandchildren reputably。 From this instance;
reader; Be encouraged to diligence in thy calling; And distrust not
Providence。 He was a pious and prudent man; She; a discreet and virtuous
woman。 Their youngest son; In filial regard to their memory; Places this
stone。 J。F。 born 1655; died 1744; AEtat 89。 A。F。 born 1667; died 1752; …
95。
By my rambling digressions I perceive myself to be grown old。 I us'd
to write more methodically。 But one does not dress for private company as
for a publick ball。 'Tis perhaps only negligence。
To return: I continued thus employed in my father's business for two
years; that is; till I was twelve years old; and my brother John; who was
bred to that business; having left my father; married; and set up for himself
at Rhode Island; there was all appearance that I was destined to supply his
place; and become a tallow…chandler。 But my dislike to the trade
continuing; my father was under apprehensions that if he did not find one
for me more agreeable; I should break away and get to sea; as his son
Josiah had done; to his great vexation。 He therefore sometimes took me to
walk with him; and see joiners; bricklayers; turners; braziers; etc。; at their
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THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
work; that he might observe my inclination; and endeavor to fix it on some
trade or other on land。 It has ever since been a pleasure to me to see good
workmen handle their tools; and it has been useful to me; having learnt so
much by it as to be able to do little jobs myself in my house when a
workman could not readily be got; and to construct little machines for my
experiments; while the intention of making the experiment was fresh and
warm in my mind。 My father at last fixed upon the cutler's trade; and my
uncle Benjamin's son Samuel; who was bred to that business in London;
being about that time established in Boston; I was sent to be with him
some time on liking。 But his expectations of a fee with me displeasing my
father; I was taken home again。
From a child I was fond of reading; and all the little money that came
into my hands was ever laid out in books。 Pleased with the Pilgrim's
Progress; my first collection was of John Bunyan's works in separate little
volumes。 I afterward sold them to enable me to buy R。 Burton's Historical
Collections; they were small chapmen's books; and cheap; 40 or 50 in all。
My father's little library consisted chiefly of books in polemic divinity;
most of which I read; and have since often regretted that; at a time when I
had such a thirst for knowledge; more proper books had not fallen in my
way since it was now resolved I should not be a clergyman。 Plutarch's
Lives there was in which I read abundantly; and I still think that time spent
to great advantage。 There was also a book of De Foe's; called an Essay on
Projects; and another of Dr。 Mather's; called Essays to do Good; which
perhaps gave me a turn of thinking that had an influence on some of the
principal future events of my life。
This bookish inclination at length determined my father to make me a
printer; though he had already one son (James) of that profession。 In 1717
my brother James returned from England with a press and letters to set up
his business in Boston。 I liked it much better than that of my father; but
still had a hankering for the sea。 To prevent the apprehended effect of such
an inclination; my father was impatient to have me bound to my brother。 I
stood out some time; but at last was persuaded; and signed the indentures
when I was yet but twelve years old。 I was to serve as an apprentice till I
was twenty…one years of age; only I was to be allowed journeyman's
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wages during the last year。 In a little time I made great proficiency in the
business; and became a useful hand to my brother。 I now had access to
better books。 An acquaintance with the apprentices of booksellers enabled
me sometimes to borrow a small one; which I was careful to return soon
and clean。 Often I sat up in my room reading the greatest part of the night;
when the book was borrowed in the evening and to be returned early in the
morning; lest it should be missed or wanted。
And after some time an ingenious tradesman; Mr。 Matthew Adams;
who had a pretty collection of books; and who frequented our printing…
house; took notice of me; invited me to his library; and very kindly lent me
such books as I chose to read。 I now took a fancy to poetry; and made
some little pieces; my brother; thinking it might turn to account;
encouraged me; and put me on composing occasional ballads。 One was
called The Lighthouse Tragedy; and contained an account of the drowning
of Captain Worthilake; with his two daughters: the other was a sailor's
song; on the taking of Teach (or Blackbeard) the pirate。 They were
wretched stuff; in the Grub…street…ballad style; and when they were printed
he sent me about the town to sell them。 The first sold wonderfully; the
event being recent; having made a great noise。 This flattered my vanity;
but my father discouraged me by ridiculing my performances; and telling
me verse…makers were generally beggars。 So I escaped being a poet; most
probably a very bad one; but as prose writing bad been of great use to me
in the course of my life; and was a principal means of my advancement; I
shall tell you how; in such a situation; I acquired what little ability I have
in that way。
There was another bookish lad in the town; John Collins by name;
with whom I was intimately acquainted。 We sometimes disputed; and very
fond we were of argument; and very desirous of confuting one another;
which disputatious turn; by the way; is apt to become a very bad habit;
making people often extremely disagreeable in company by the
contradiction that is necessary to bring it into practice; and thence; besides
souring and spoiling the conversation; is productive of disgusts and;
perhaps enmities where you may have occasion for friendship。 I had
caught it by reading my father's books of dispute about religion。 Persons
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of good sense; I have since observed; seldom fall into it; except lawyers;
university men; and men of all sorts that have been bred at Edinborough。
A question was once; somehow or other; started between Collins and
me; of the propriety of educating the female sex in learning; and their
abilities for study。 He was of opinion that it was improper; and that they
were naturally unequal to it。 I took the contrary side; perhaps a little for
dispute's sake。 He was naturally more eloquent; had a ready plenty of
words; and sometimes; as I thought; bore me down more by his fluency
than by the strength of his reasons。 As we parted without settling the point;
and were not to see one another again for some time; I sat down to put my
arguments in writing; which I copied fair and sent to him。 He answered;
and I replied。 Three or four letters of a side had passed; when my father
happened to find my papers and read them。 Without entering into the
discussion; he took occasion to talk to me about the manner of my writing;
observed that; though I had the advantage of my antagonist in correct
spelling and pointing (which I ow'd to the printing…house); I fell far short
in elegance of expression; in method and in perspicuity; of which he
convinced