第 3 节
作者:
天净沙 更新:2022-05-01 22:41 字数:9322
child but two; and was born in Boston; New England。 My mother; the
second wife; was Abiah Folger; daughter of Peter Folger; one of the first
settlers of New England; of whom honorable mention is made by Cotton
Mather in his church history of that country; entitled Magnalia Christi
Americana; as 'a godly; learned Englishman;〃 if I remember the words
rightly。 I have heard that he wrote sundry small occasional pieces; but only
one of them was printed; which I saw now many years since。 It was
written in 1675; in the home…spun verse of that time and people; and
addressed to those then concerned in the government there。 It was in favor
of liberty of conscience; and in behalf of the Baptists; Quakers; and other
sectaries that had been under persecution; ascribing the Indian wars; and
other distresses that had befallen the country; to that persecution; as so
many judgments of God to punish so heinous an offense; and exhorting a
repeal of those uncharitable laws。 The whole appeared to me as written
with a good deal of decent plainness and manly freedom。 The six
concluding lines I remember; though I have forgotten the two first of the
stanza; but the purport of them was; that his censures proceeded from
good…will; and; therefore; he would be known to be the author。
〃Because to be a libeller (says he) I hate it with my heart; From
Sherburne town; where now I dwell My name I do put here; Without
offense your real friend; It is Peter Folgier。〃
My elder brothers were all put apprentices to different trades。 I was put
to the grammar…school at eight years of age; my father intending to devote
me; as the tithe of his sons; to the service of the Church。 My early
readiness in learning to read (which must have been very early; as I do not
remember when I could not read); and the opinion of all his friends; that I
9
… Page 10…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
should certainly make a good scholar; encouraged him in this purpose of
his。 My uncle Benjamin; too; approved of it; and proposed to give me all
his short…hand volumes of sermons; I suppose as a stock to set up with; if I
would learn his character。 I continued; however; at the grammar…school not
quite one year; though in that time I had risen gradually from the middle of
the class of that year to be the head of it; and farther was removed into the
next class above it; in order to go with that into the third at the end of the
year。 But my father; in the meantime; from a view of the expense of a
college education; which having so large a family he could not well afford;
and the mean living many so educated were afterwards able to obtain
reasons that be gave to his friends in my hearingaltered his first intention;
took me from the grammar…school; and sent me to a school for writing and
arithmetic; kept by a then famous man; Mr。 George Brownell; very
successful in his profession generally; and that by mild; encouraging
methods。 Under him I acquired fair writing pretty soon; but I failed in the
arithmetic; and made no progress in it。 At ten years old I was taken home
to assist my father in his business; which was that of a tallow…chandler and
sope…boiler; a business he was not bred to; but had assumed on his arrival
in New England; and on finding his dying trade would not maintain his
family; being in little request。 Accordingly; I was employed in cutting wick
for the candles; filling the dipping mold and the molds for cast candles;
attending the shop; going of errands; etc。
I disliked the trade; and had a strong inclination for the sea; but my
father declared against it; however; living near the water; I was much in
and about it; learnt early to swim well; and to manage boats; and when in a
boat or canoe with other boys; I was commonly allowed to govern;
especially in any case of difficulty; and upon other occasions I was
generally a leader among the boys; and sometimes led them into scrapes;
of which I will mention one instance; as it shows an early projecting
public spirit; tho' not then justly conducted。
There was a salt…marsh that bounded part of the mill…pond; on the edge
of which; at high water; we used to stand to fish for minnows。 By much
trampling; we had made it a mere quagmire。 My proposal was to build a
wharff there fit for us to stand upon; and I showed my comrades a large
10
… Page 11…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
heap of stones; which were intended for a new house near the marsh; and
which would very well suit our purpose。 Accordingly; in the evening;
when the workmen were gone; I assembled a number of my play…fellows;
and working with them diligently like so many emmets; sometimes two or
three to a stone; we brought them all away and built our little wharff。 The
next morning the workmen were surprised at missing the stones; which
were found in our wharff。 Inquiry was made after the removers; we were
discovered and complained of; several of us were corrected by our fathers;
and though I pleaded the usefulness of the work; mine convinced me that
nothing was useful which was not honest。
I think you may like to know something of his person and character。
He had an excellent constitution of body; was of middle stature; but well
set; and very strong; he was ingenious; could draw prettily; was skilled a
little in music; and had a clear pleasing voice; so that when he played
psalm tunes on his violin and sung withal; as he sometimesdid in an
evening after the business of the day was over; it was extremely agreeable
to hear。 He had a mechanical genius too; and; on occasion; was very handy
in the use of other tradesmen's tools; but his great excellence lay in a
sound understanding and solid judgment in prudential matters; both in
private and publick affairs。 In the latter; indeed; he was never employed;
the numerous family he had to educate and the straitness of his
circumstances keeping him close to his trade; but I remember well his
being frequently visited by leading people; who consulted him for his
opinion in affairs of the town or of the church he belonged to; and showed
a good deal of respect for his judgment and advice: he was also much
consulted by private persons about their affairs when any difficulty
occurred; and frequently chosen an arbitrator between contending parties。
At his table he liked to have; as often as he could; some sensible friend
or neighbor to converse with; and always took care to start some ingenious
or useful topic for discourse; which might tend to improve the minds of his
children。 By this means he turned our attention to what was good; just; and
prudent in the conduct of life; and little or no notice was ever taken of
what related to the victuals on the table; whether it was well or ill dressed;
in or out of season; of good or bad flavor; preferable or inferior to this or
11
… Page 12…
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN
that other thing of the kind; so that I was bro't up in such a perfect
inattention to those matters as to be quite indifferent what kind of food
was set before me; and so unobservant of it; that to this day if I am asked I
can scarce tell a few hours after dinner what I dined upon。 This has been a
convenience to me in travelling; where my companions have been
sometimes very unhappy for want of a suitable gratification of their more
delicate; because better instructed; tastes and appetites。
My mother had likewise an excellent constitution: she suckled all her
ten children。 I never knew either my father or mother to have any sickness
but that of which they dy'd; he at 89; and she at 85 years of age。 They lie
buried together at Boston; where I some years since placed a marble over
their grave; with this inscription:
JOSIAH FRANKLIN; and ABIAH his W