in　all　his　ways；　for　I　believe　him　to　have　been　a　much
  worse　man　after　his　conversion　than　before。　　Prior
  to　his　conversion；　he　relied　upon　his　own　depravity
  to　shield　and　sustain　him　in　his　savage　barbarity；
  but　after　his　conversion；　he　found　religious　sanction
  and　support　for　his　slaveholding　cruelty。　　He　made
  the　greatest　pretensions　to　piety。　　His　house　was　the
  house　of　prayer。　　He　prayed　morning；　noon；　and
  night。　　He　very　soon　distinguished　himself　among
  his　brethren；　and　was　soon　made　a　class…leader　and
  exhorter。　　His　activity　in　revivals　was　great；　and　he
  proved　himself　an　instrument　in　the　hands　of　the
  church　in　converting　many　souls。　　His　house　was　the
  preachers'　home。　　They　used　to　take　great　pleasure
  in　coming　there　to　put　up；　for　while　he　starved　us；　he
  stuffed　them。　　We　have　had　three　or　four　preachers
  there　at　a　time。　　The　names　of　those　who　used　to
  come　most　frequently　while　I　lived　there；　were　Mr。
  Storks；　Mr。　Ewery；　Mr。　Humphry；　and　Mr。　Hickey。
  I　have　also　seen　Mr。　George　Cookman　at　our　house。
  We　slaves　loved　Mr。　Cookman。　　We　believed　him　to
  be　a　good　man。　　We　thought　him　instrumental　in　get…
  ting　Mr。　Samuel　Harrison；　a　very　rich　slaveholder；　to
  emancipate　his　slaves；　and　by　some　means　got　the
  impression　that　he　was　laboring　to　effect　the　emanci…
  pation　of　all　the　slaves。　　When　he　was　at　our　house；
  we　were　sure　to　be　called　in　to　prayers。　　When　the
  others　were　there；　we　were　sometimes　called　in　and
  sometimes　not。　　Mr。　Cookman　took　more　notice　of
  us　than　either　of　the　other　ministers。　　He　could　not
  come　among　us　without　betraying　his　sympathy　for
  us；　and；　stupid　as　we　were；　we　had　the　sagacity　to
  see　it。
  While　I　lived　with　my　master　in　St。　Michael's；
  there　was　a　white　young　man；　a　Mr。　Wilson；　who
  proposed　to　keep　a　Sabbath　school　for　the　instruction
  of　such　slaves　as　might　be　disposed　to　learn　to　read
  the　New　Testament。　　We　met　but　three　times；　when
  Mr。　West　and　Mr。　Fairbanks；　both　class…leaders；
  with　many　others；　came　upon　us　with　sticks　and
  other　missiles；　drove　us　off；　and　forbade　us　to　meet
  again。　　Thus　ended　our　little　Sabbath　school　in　the
  pious　town　of　St。　Michael's。
  I　have　said　my　master　found　religious　sanction
  for　his　cruelty。　　As　an　example；　I　will　state　one　of
  many　facts　going　to　prove　the　charge。　　I　have　seen
  him　tie　up　a　lame　young　woman；　and　whip　her　with
  a　heavy　cowskin　upon　her　naked　shoulders；　causing
  the　warm　red　blood　to　drip；　and；　in　justification
  of　the　bloody　deed；　he　would　quote　this　passage　of
  Scripture〃He　that　knoweth　his　master's　will；　and
  doeth　it　not；　shall　be　beaten　with　many　stripes。〃
  Master　would　keep　this　lacerated　young　woman
  tied　up　in　this　horrid　situation　four　or　five　hours　at
  a　time。　　I　have　known　him　to　tie　her　up　early　in　the
  morning；　and　whip　her　before　breakfast；　leave　her；
  go　to　his　store；　return　at　dinner；　and　whip　her　again；
  cutting　her　in　the　places　already　made　raw　with　his
  cruel　lash。　　The　secret　of　master's　cruelty　toward
  〃Henny〃　is　found　in　the　fact　of　her　being　almost
  helpless。　　When　quite　a　child；　she　fell　into　the　fire；
  and　burned　herself　horribly。　　Her　hands　were　so
  burnt　that　she　never　got　the　use　of　them。　　She　could
  do　very　little　but　bear　heavy　burdens。　　She　was　to
  master　a　bill　of　expense；　and　as　he　was　a　mean　man；
  she　was　a　constant　offence　to　him。　　He　seemed
  desirous　of　getting　the　poor　girl　out　of　existence。
  He　gave　her　away　once　to　his　sister；　but；　being　a
  poor　gift；　she　was　not　disposed　to　keep　her。　　Finally；
  my　benevolent　master；　to　use　his　own　words；　〃set
  her　adrift　to　take　care　of　herself。〃　　Here　was　a　re…
  cently…converted　man；　holding　on　upon　the　mother；
  and　at　the　same　time　turning　out　her　helpless　child；
  to　starve　and　die！　　Master　Thomas　was　one　of　the
  many　pious　slaveholders　who　hold　slaves　for　the
  very　charitable　purpose　of　taking　care　of　them。
  My　master　and　myself　had　quite　a　number　of
  differences。　　He　found　me　unsuitable　to　his　purpose。
  My　city　life；　he　said；　had　had　a　very　pernicious　effect
  upon　me。　　It　had　almost　ruined　me　for　every　good
  purpose；　and　fitted　me　for　every　thing　which　was
  bad。　　One　of　my　greatest　faults　was　that　of　letting
  his　horse　run　away；　and　go　down　to　his　father…in…
  law's　farm；　which　was　about　five　miles　from　St。
  Michael's。　　I　would　then　have　to　go　after　it。　　My
  reason　for　this　kind　of　carelessness；　or　carefulness；
  was；　that　I　could　always　get　something　to　eat　when
  I　went　there。　　Master　William　Hamilton；　my　master's
  father…in…law；　always　gave　his　slaves　enough　to　eat。
  I　never　left　there　hungry；　no　matter　how　great　the
  need　of　my　speedy　return。　　Master　Thomas　at　length
  said　he　would　stand　it　no　longer。　　I　had　lived　with
  him　nine　months；　during　which　time　he　had　given
  me　a　number　of　severe　whippings；　all　to　no　good
  purpose。　　He　resolved　to　put　me　out；　as　he　said；　to
  be　broken；　and；　for　this　purpose；　he　let　me　for　one
  year　to　a　man　named　Edward　Covey。　　Mr。　Covey
  was　a　poor　man；　a　farm…renter。　　He　rented　the　place
  upon　which　he　lived；　as　also　the　hands　with　which
  he　tilled　it。　　Mr。　Covey　had　acquired　a　very　high
  reputation　for　breaking　young　slaves；　and　this　repu…
  tation　was　of　immense　value　to　him。　　It　enabled　him
  to　get　his　farm　tilled　with　much　less　expense　to
  himself　than　he　could　have　had　it　done　without
  such　a　reputation。　　Some　slaveholders　thought　it　not
  much　loss　to　allow　Mr。　Covey　to　have　their　slaves
  one　year；　for　the　sake　of　the　training　to　which　they
  were　subjected；　without　any　other　compensation。
  He　could　hire　young　help　with　great　ease；　in　con…
  sequence　of　this　reputation。　　Added　to　the　natural
  good　qualities　of　Mr。　Covey；　he　was　a　professor　of
  religiona　pious　soula　member　and　a　class…leader　in
  the　Methodist　church。　　All　of　this　added　weight　to
  his　reputation　as　a　〃nigger…breaker。〃　　I　was　aware　of
  all　the　facts；　having　been　made　acquainted　with
  them　by　a　young　man　who　had　lived　there。　　I　never…
  theless　made　the　change　gladly；　for　I　was　sure　of
  getting　enough　to　eat；　which　is　not　the　smallest
  consideration　to　a　hungry　man。
  CHAPTER　X
  I　had　left　Master　Thomas's　house；　and　went　to　live
  with　Mr。　Covey；　on　the　1st　of　January；　1833。　　I　was
  now；　for　the　first　time　in　my　life；　a　field　hand。　　In
  my　new　employment；　I　found　myself　even　more
  awkward　than　a　country　boy　appeared　to　be　in　a
  large　city。　　I　had　been　at　my　new　home　but　one
  week　before　Mr。　Covey　gave　me　a　very　severe　whip…
  ping；　cutting　my　back；　causing　the　blood　to　run；
  and　raising　ridges　on　my　flesh　as　large　as　my　little　finger。
  The　details　of　this　affair　are　as　follows：　Mr。　Covey
  sent　me；　very　early　in　the　morning　of　one　of　our
  coldest　days　in　the　month　of　January；　to　the　woods；
  to　get　a　load　of　wood。　　He　gave　me　a　team　of　un…
  broken　oxen。　　He　told　me　which　was　the　in…hand　ox；
  and　which　the　off…hand　one。　　He　then　tied　the　end
  of　a　large　rope　around　the　horns　of　the　in…hand　ox；
  and　gave　me　the　other　end　of　it；　and　told　me；　if
  the　oxen　started　to　run；　that　I　must　hold　on　upon
  the　rope。　　I　had　never　driven　oxen　before；　and　of
  course　I　was　very　awkward。　　I；　however；　succeeded　in
  getting　to　the　edge　of　the　woods　with　little　diffi…
  culty；　but　I　had　got　a　very　few　rods　into　the　woods；
  when　the　oxen　took　fright；　and　started　full　tilt；　carry…
  ing　the　cart　against　trees；　and　over　stumps；　in　the
  most　frightful　manner。　　I　expected　every　moment
  that　my　brains　would　be　dashed　out　against　the
  trees。　　After　running　thus　for　a　considerable　dis…
  tance；　they　finally　upset　the　cart；　dashing　it　with
  great　force　against　a　tree；　and　threw　themselves　into
  a　dense　thicket。　　How　I　escaped　death；　I　do　not
  know。　　There　I　was；　entirely　alone；　in　a　thick　wood；
  in　a　place　new　to　me。　　My　cart　was　upset　and　shat…
  tered；　my　oxen　were　entangled　among　the　young
  trees；　and　there　was　none　to　help　me。　　After　a　long
  spell　of　effort；　I　succeeded　in　getting　my　cart　righted；
  my　oxen　disentangled；　and　again　yoked　to　the　cart。
  I　now　proceeded　with　my　team　to　the　place　where
  I　had；　the　day　before；　been　chopping　wood；　and
  loaded　my　cart　pretty　heavily；　thinking　in　this　way
  to　tame　my　oxen。　　I　then　proceeded　on　my　way
  home。　　I　had　now　consumed　one　half　of　the　day。　　I
  got　out　of　the　woods　safely；　and　now　felt　out　of
  danger。　　I　stopped　my　oxen　to　open　the　woods　gate；
  and　just　as　I　did　so；　before　I　could　get　hold　of　my
  ox…rope；　the　oxen　again　started；　rushed　through　the
  gate；　catching　it　between　the　wheel　and　the　body　of
  the　cart；　tearing　it　to　pieces；　and　coming　within　a
  few　inches　of　crushing　me　against　the　gate…post。　　Thus
  twice；　in　one　short　day；　I　escaped　death　by　the
  merest　chance。　　On　my　return；　I　told　Mr。　Covey
  what　had　happened；　and　how　it　happened。　　He　or…
  dered　me　to　return　to　the　woods　again　immediately。
  I　did　so；　and　he　followed　on　after　me。　　Just　as　I　got
  into　the　woods；　he　came　up　and　told　me　to　stop　my
  cart；　and