第 16 节
作者:无组织      更新:2022-04-21 11:08      字数:9322
  the ladies who are making a mitre; there is a child who has got a
  cake; and another has some fruitpossibly given them by the Virgin…
  …and a third child is begging for some of it。  The light failed so
  completely here that I was not able to photograph any of these
  figures。  It was a dull September afternoon; and the clouds had
  settled thick round the chapel; which is never very light; and is
  nearly 4000 feet above the sea。  I waited till such twilight as made
  it hopeless that more detail could be gotand a queer ghostly place
  enough it was to wait inbut after giving the plate an exposure of
  fifty minutes; I saw I could get no more; and desisted。
  These long photographic exposures have the advantage that one is
  compelled to study a work in detail through mere lack of other
  employment; and that one can take one's notes in peace without being
  tempted to hurry over them; but even so I continually find I have
  omitted to note; and have clean forgotten; much that I want later
  on。
  In the other annex there are also one or two younger children; but
  it seems to have been set apart for conversation and relaxation more
  than any other part of the establishment。
  I have already said that the work is signed by an inscription inside
  the chapel; to the effect that the sculptures are by Pietro Aureggio
  Termine di Biella。  It will be seen that the young ladies are
  exceedingly like one another; and that the artist aimed at nothing
  more than a faithful rendering of the life of his own times。  Let us
  be thankful that he aimed at nothing less。  Perhaps his wife kept a
  girls' school; or he may have had a large family of fat; good…
  natured daughters; whose little ways he had studied attentively; at
  all events the work is full of spontaneous incident; and cannot fail
  to become more and more interesting as the age it renders falls
  farther back into the past。  It is to be regretted that many
  artists; better known men; have not been satisfied with the humbler
  ambitions of this most amiable and interesting sculptor。  If he has
  left us no laboured life…studies; he has at least done something for
  us which we can find nowhere else; which we should be very sorry not
  to have; and the fidelity of which to Italian life at the beginning
  of the last century will not be disputed。
  The eighth chapel is that of the Sposalizio; is certainly not by
  Aureggio; and I should say was mainly by the same sculptor who did
  the Presentation in the Temple。  On going inside I found the figures
  had come from more than one source; some of them are constructed so
  absolutely on Valsesian principles; as regards technique; that it
  may be assumed they came from Varallo。  Each of these last figures
  is in three pieces; that are baked separately and cemented together
  afterwards; hence they are more easily transported; no more clay is
  used than is absolutely necessary; and the off…side of the figure is
  neglected; they will be found chiefly; if not entirely; at the top
  of the steps。  The other figures are more solidly built; and do not
  remind me in their business features of anything in the Valsesia。
  There was a sculptor; Francesco Sala; of Locarno (doubtless the
  village a short distance below Varallo; and not the Locarno on the
  Lago Maggiore); who made designs for some of the Oropa chapels; and
  some of whose letters are still preserved; but whether the Valsesian
  figures in this present work are by him or not I cannot say。
  The statues are twenty…five in number; I could find no date or
  signature; the work reminds me of Montrigone; several of the figures
  are not at all bad; and several have horsehair for hair; as at
  Varallo。  The effect of the whole composition is better than we have
  a right to expect from any sculpture dating from the beginning of
  the last century。
  The ninth chapel; the Annunciation; presents no feature of interest;
  nor yet does the tenth; the Visit of Mary to Elizabeth。  The
  eleventh; the Nativity; though rather better; is still not
  remarkable。
  The twelfth; the Purification; is absurdly bad; but I do not know
  whether the expression of strong personal dislike to the Virgin
  which the High Priest wears is intended as prophetic; or whether it
  is the result of incompetence; or whether it is merely a smile gone
  wrong in the baking。  It is amusing to find Marocco; who has not
  been strict about archaeological accuracy hitherto; complain here
  that there is an anachronism; inasmuch as some young ecclesiastics
  are dressed as they would be at present; and one of them actually
  carries a wax candle。  This is not as it should be; in works like
  those at Oropa; where implicit reliance is justly placed on the
  earnest endeavours that have been so successfully made to thoroughly
  and carefully and patiently ensure the accuracy of the minutest
  details; it is a pity that even a single error should have escaped
  detection; this; however; has most unfortunately happened here; and
  Marocco feels it his duty to put us on our guard。  He explains that
  the mistake arose from the sculptor's having taken both his general
  arrangement and his details from some picture of the fourteenth or
  fifteenth century; when the value of the strictest historical
  accuracy was not yet so fully understood。
  It seems to me that in the matter of accuracy; priests and men of
  science whether lay or regular on the one hand; and plain people
  whether lay or regular on the other; are trying to play a different
  game; and fail to understand one another because they do not see
  that their objects are not the same。  The cleric and the man of
  science (who is only the cleric in his latest development) are
  trying to develop a throat with two distinct passagesone that
  shall refuse to pass even the smallest gnat; and another that shall
  gracefully gulp even the largest camel; whereas we men of the street
  desire but one throat; and are content that this shall swallow
  nothing bigger than a pony。  Every one knows that there is no such
  effectual means of developing the power to swallow camels as
  incessant watchfulness for opportunities of straining at gnats; and
  this should explain many passages that puzzle us in the work both of
  our clerics and our scientists。  I; not being a man of science;
  still continue to do what I said I did in 〃Alps and Sanctuaries;〃
  and make it a rule to earnestly and patiently and carefully swallow
  a few of the smallest gnats I can find several times a day; as the
  best astringent for the throat I know of。
  The thirteenth chapel is the Marriage Feast at Cana of Galilee。
  This is the best chapel as a work of art; indeed; it is the only one
  which can claim to be taken quite seriously。  Not that all the
  figures are very good; those to the left of the composition are
  commonplace enough; nor are the Christ and the giver of the feast at
  all remarkable; but the ten or dozen figures of guests and
  attendants at the right…hand end of the work are as good as anything
  of their kind can be; and remind me so strongly of Tabachetti that I
  cannot doubt they were done by some one who was indirectly
  influenced by that great sculptor's work。  It is not likely that
  Tabachetti was alive long after 1640; by which time he would have
  been about eighty years old; and the foundations of this chapel were
  not laid till about 1690; the statues are probably a few years
  later; they can hardly; therefore; be by one who had even studied
  under Tabachetti; but until I found out the dates; and went inside
  the chapel to see the way in which the figures had been constructed;
  I was inclined to think they might be by Tabachetti himself; of
  whom; indeed; they are not unworthy。  On examining the figures I
  found them more heavily constructed than Tabachetti's are; with
  smaller holes for taking out superfluous clay; and more finished on
  the off…sides。  Marocco says the sculptor is not known。  I looked in
  vain for any date or signature。  Possibly the right…hand figures
  (for the left…hand ones can hardly be by the same hand) may be by
  some sculptor from Crea; which is at no very great distance from
  Oropa; who was penetrated by Tabachetti's influence; but whether as
  regards action and concert with one another; or as regards
  excellence in detail; I do not see how anything can be more
  realistic; and yet more harmoniously composed。  The placing of the
  musicians in a minstrels' gallery helps the effect; these musicians
  are six in number; and the other figures are twenty…three。  Under
  the table; between Christ and the giver of the feast; there is a
  cat。
  The fourteenth chapel; the Assumption of the Virgin Mary; is without
  interest。
  The fifteenth; the Coronation of the Virgin; contains forty…six
  angels; twenty…six cherubs; fifty…six saints; the Holy Trinity; the
  Madonna herself; and twenty…four innocents; making 156 statues in
  all。  Of these I am afraid there is not one of more than ordinary
  merit; the most interesting is a half…length nude life…study of
  Dismathe good thief。  After what had been promised him it was
  impossible to exclude him; but it was felt that a half…length nude
  figure would be as much as he could reasonably expect。
  Behind the sanctuary there is a semi…ruinous and wholly valueless
  work; which shows the finding of the