direction　of　a　mischievous　pacifism　comes　from　an　entirely
  different　class。
  The　Genteel　Whig；　though　he　differs　very　widely　in　almost　every
  other　respect　from　the　Resentful　Employee；　has　this　much　in
  common；　that　he　has　never　been　drawn　into　the　whirl　of　collective
  life　in　any　real　and　assimilative　fashion。　　This　is　what　is　the
  matter　with　both　of　them。　　He　is　a　little　loose；　shy；　independent
  person。　　Except　for　eating　and　drinkingin　moderation；　he　has
  never　done　anything　real　from　the　day　he　was　born。　　He　has
  frequently　not　even　faced　the　common　challenge　of　matrimony。
  Still　more　frequently　is　he　childless；　or　the　daring　parent　of
  one　particular　child。　　He　has　never　traded　nor　manufactured。　　He
  has　drawn　his　dividends　or　his　salary　with　an　entire
  unconsciousness　of　any　obligations　to　policemen　or　navy　for　these
  punctual　payments。　　Probably　he　has　never　ventured　even　to
  reinvest　his　little　legacy。　　He　is　acutely　aware　of　possessing　an
  exceptionally　fine　intelligence；　but　he　is　entirely　unconscious
  of　a　fundamental　unreality。　　Nothing　has　ever　occurred　to　him　to
  make　him　ask　why　the　mass　of　men　were　either　not　possessed　of　his
  security　or　discontented　with　it。　　The　impulses　that　took　his
  school　friends　out　upon　all　sorts　of　odd　feats　and　adventures
  struck　him　as　needless。　　As　he　grew　up　he　turned　with　an　equal
  distrust　from　passion　or　ambition。　　His　friends　went　out　after
  love；　after　adventure；　after　power；　after　knowledge；　after　this
  or　that　desire；　and　became　men。　　But　he　noted　merely　that　they
  became　fleshly；　that　effort　strained　them；　that　they　were
  sometimes　angry　or　violent　or　heated。　　He　could　not　but　feel　that
  theirs　were　vulgar　experiences；　and　he　sought　some　finer　exercise
  for　his　exceptional　quality。　　He　pursued　art　or　philosophy　or
  literature　upon　their　more　esoteric　levels；　and　realised　more　and
  more　the　general　vulgarity　and　coarseness　of　the　world　about　him；
  and　his　own　detachment。　　The　vulgarity　and　crudity　of　the　things
  nearest　him　impressed　him　most；　the　dreadful　insincerity　of　the
  Press；　the　meretriciousness　of　success；　the　loudness　of　the　rich；
  the　baseness　of　common　people　in　his　own　land。　　The　world
  overseas　had　by　comparison　a　certain　glamour。　　Except　that　when
  you　said　〃United　States〃　to　him　he　would　draw　the　air　sharply
  between　his　teeth　and　beg　you　not　to。。。
  Nobody　took　him　by　the　collar　and　shook　him。
  If　our　world　had　considered　the　advice　of　William　James　and
  insisted　upon　national　service　from　everyone；　national　service　in
  the　drains　or　the　nationalised　mines　or　the　nationalised　deep…sea
  fisheries　if　not　in　the　army　or　navy；　we　should　not　have　had　any
  such　men。　　If　it　had　insisted　that　wealth　and　property　are　no
  more　than　a　trust　for　the　public　benefit；　we　should　have　had　no
  genteel　indispensables。　　These　discords　in　our　national　unanimity
  are　the　direct　consequence　of　our　bad　social　organisation。　　We
  permit　the　profiteer　and　the　usurer；　they　evoke　the　response　of
  the　Reluctant　Employee；　and　the　inheritor　of　their　wealth　becomes
  the　Genteel　Whig。
  But　that　is　by　the　way。　　It　was　of　course　natural　and　inevitable
  that　the　German　onslaught　upon　Belgium　and　civilisation　generally
  should　strike　these　recluse　minds　not　as　a　monstrous　ugly
  wickedness　to　be　resisted　and　overcome　at　any　cost；　but　merely　as
  a　nerve…racking　experience。　　Guns　were　going　off　on　both　sides。
  The　Genteel　Whig　was　chiefly　conscious　of　a　repulsive　vast
  excitement　all　about　him；　in　which　many　people　did　inelegant　and
  irrational　things。　　They　waved　flagsnasty　little　flags。　　This
  child　of　the　ages；　this　last　fruit　of　the　gigantic　and　tragic
  tree　of　life；　could　no　more　than　stick　its　fingers　in　its　ears　as
  say；　〃Oh；　please；　do　/all/　stop！〃　　and　then　as　the　strain
  grew　intenser　and　intenser　set　itself　with　feeble　pawings　now　to
  clamber　〃Au…dessus　de　la　Melee；〃　and　now　toin　some
  weak　waystop　the　conflict。　　（〃Au…dessus　de　la
  Melee〃as　the　man　said　when　they　asked　him　where　he
  was　when　the　bull　gored　his　sister。）　The　efforts　to　stop　the
  conflict　at　any　price；　even　at　the　price　of　entire　submission　to
  the　German　Will；　grew　more　urgent　as　the　necessity　that　everyone
  should　help　against　the　German　Thing　grew　more　manifest。
  Of　all　the　strange　freaks　of　distressed　thinking　that　this　war
  has　produced；　the　freaks　of　the　Genteel　Whig　have　been　among　the
  most　remarkable。　　With　an　air　of　profound　wisdom　he　returns
  perpetually　to　his　proposition　that　there　are　faults　on　both
  sides。　　To　say　that　is　his　conception　of　impartiality。　　I　suppose
  that　if　a　bull　gored　his　sister　he　would　say　that　there　were
  faults　on　both　sides；　his　sister　ought　not　to　have　strayed　into
  the　field；　she　was　wearing　a　red　hat　of　a　highly　provocative
  type；　she　ought　to　have　been　a　cow　and　then　everything　would　have
  been　different。　　In　the　face　of　the　history　of　the　last　forty
  years；　the　Genteel　Whig　struggles　persistently　to　minimise　the
  German　outrage　upon　civilisation　and　to　find　excuses　for　Germany。
  He　does　this；　not　because　he　has　any　real　passion　for　falsehood；
  but　because　by　training；　circumstance；　and　disposition　he　is
  passionately　averse　from　action　with　the　vulgar　majority　and　from
  self…sacrifice　in　a　common　cause；　and　because　he　finds　in　the
  justification　of　Germany　and；　failing　that；　in　the　blackening　of
  the　Allies　to　an　equal　blackness；　one　line　of　defence　against　the
  wave　of　impulse　that　threatens　to　submerge　his　private　self。　　But
  when　at　last　that　line　is　forced　he　is　driven　back　upon　others
  equally　extraordinary。　　You　can　often　find　simultaneously　in　the
  same　Pacifist　paper；　and　sometimes　even　in　the　utterances　of　the
  same　writer；　two　entirely　incompatible　statements。　　The　first　is
  that　Germany　is　so　invincible　that　it　is　useless　to　prolong　the
  war　since　no　effort　of　the　Allies　is　likely　to　produce　any
  material　improvement　in　their　position；　and　the　second　is　that
  Germany　is　so　thoroughly　beaten　that　she　is　now　ready　to　abandon
  militarism　and　make　terms　and　compensations　entirely　acceptable
  to　the　countries　she　has　forced　into　war。　　And　when　finally　facts
  are　produced　to　establish　the　truth　that　Germany；　though　still
  largely　wicked　and　impenitent；　is　being　slowly　and　conclusively
  beaten　by　the　sanity；　courage　and　persistence　of　the　Allied
  common　men；　then　the　Genteel　Whig　retorts　with　his　last　defensive
  absurdity。　　He　invents　a　national　psychology　for　Germany。
  Germany；　he　invents；　loves　us　and　wants　to　be　our　dearest　friend。
  Germany　has　always　loved　us。　　The　Germans　are　a　loving；　unenvious
  people。　　They　have　been　a　little　misleadbut　nice　people　do　not
  insist　upon　that　fact。　　But　beware　of　beating　Germany；　beware　of
  humiliating　Germany；　then　indeed　trouble　will　come。　　Germany　will
  begin　to　dislike　us。　　She　will　plan　a　revenge。　　Turning　aside
  from　her　erstwhile　innocent　career；　she　may　even　think　of　hate。
  What　are　our　obligations　to　France；　Italy；　Serbia　and　Russia；
  what　is　the　happiness　of　a　few　thousands　of　the　Herero；　a　few
  millions　of　the　Belgianswhose　numbers　moreover　are　constantly
  diminishingwhen　we　might　weigh　them　against　the　danger；　the
  most　terrible　danger；　of　incurring　/permanent　German
  hostility？。。。/
  A　Frenchman　I　talked　to　knew　better　than　that。　　〃What　will　happen
  to　Germany；〃　I　asked；　〃if　we　are　able　to　do　so　to　her　and　so；
  would　she　take　to　dreams　of　a　/Revanche？/〃
  〃She　will　take　to　Anglomania；〃　he　said；　and　added　after　a　flash
  of　reflection；　〃In　the　long　run　it　will　be　the　worse　for　you。〃
  III。　THE　RELIGIOUS　REVIVAL
  1
  One　of　the　indisputable　things　about　the　war；　so　far　as　Britain
  and　France　goand　I　have　reason　to　believe　that　on　a　lesser
  scale　things　are　similar　in　Italyis　that　it　has　produced　a　very
  great　volume　of　religious　thought　and　feeling。　　About　Russia　in
  these　matters　we　hear　but　little　at　the　present　time；　but　one
  guesses　at　parallelism。　　People　habitually　religious　have　been
  stirred　to　new　depths　of　reality　and　sincerity；　and　people　are
  thinking　of　religion　who　never　thought　of　religion　before。　　But
  as　I　have　already　pointed　out；　thinking　and　feeling　about　a
  matter　is　of　no　permanent　value　unless　something　is　/thought
  out/；　unless　there　is　a　change　of　boundary　or　relationship；
  and　it　an　altogether　different　question　to　ask　whether　any
  definite　change　is　resulting　from　this　universal　ferment。　　If　it
  is　not　doing　so；　then　the　sleeper　merely　dreams　a　dream　that　he
  will　forget　again。。。。
  Now　in　no　sort　of　general　popular　mental　activity　is　there　so
  much　froth　and　waste　as　in　religious　excitements。　　This　has　been
  the　case　in　all　periods　of　religious　revival。　　The　number　who　are
  rather　impressed；　who　for　a　few　days　or　weeks　take　to　reading
  their　Bibles　or　going　to　a　new　place　of　worship　or　praying　or
  fasting　or　being　kind　and　unselfish；　is　always　enormous　in
  relation　to　the　people　whose　lives　are　permanently　changed。　　The
  effort　needed　if　a　contemporary　is　to　blow　off　the　froth；　is
  always　very　considerable。
  Among　the　froth　that　I　would　blow　off　is　I　think　most　of　the
  tremendous　efforts　being　made　in　England　by　the　Anglican　church
  to　attract　favourable　attention　to　itself　/apropos/
  of　the　war。　　I　came　back　from　my　visit　to　the　Somme　battlefields
  to　find　the　sylvan　peace　of　Essex　invade