第 14 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9322
  the   Lord   gave   to   this   priest   of   God   a   tithe   of   all   his   spoils。   (41)   This
  sufficiently     shows     that  before    He   founded     the   Israelitish   nation    God
  constituted kings and priests in Jerusalem; and ordained for them rites and
  laws。    (42)    Whether     He    did  so   prophetically     is;  as   I  have   said;   not
  sufficiently clear; but I am sure of this; that Abraham; whilst he sojourned
  in the city; lived scrupulously according to these laws; for Abraham had
  received no special rites from God; and yet it is stated (Gen。 xxvi:5); that
  he observed the worship; the precepts; the statutes; and the laws of God;
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  which must be interpreted to mean the worship; the statutes; the precepts;
  and the laws of king Melchisedek。 (43) Malachi chides the Jews as follows
  (i:10…11。):   〃Who   is   there   among   you   that   will   shut   the   doors?   'of   the
  Temple'; neither do ye kindle fire on mine altar for nought。 (44) I have no
  pleasure in you; saith the Lord of Hosts。 (45) For from the rising of the sun;
  even until the going down of the same My Name shall be great among the
  Gentiles; and in every place incense shall be offered in My Name; and a
  pure offering; for My Name is great among the heathen; saith the Lord of
  Hosts。〃   (46)   These   words;   which;   unless   we   do   violence   to   them;   could
  only   refer   to   the   current   period;   abundantly   testify   that   the   Jews   of   that
  time   were   not   more   beloved   by   God   than   other   nations;   that   God   then
  favoured other nations with more miracles than He vouchsafed to the Jews;
  who had then partly recovered their empire without miraculous aid; and;
  lastly; that the Gentiles possessed rites and ceremonies acceptable to God。
  (47) But I pass over these points lightly: it is enough for my purpose to
  have     shown     that  the   election    of  the   Jews   had    regard    to  nothing    but
  temporal   physical   happiness   and   freedom;   in   other   words;   autonomous
  government;   and   to   the   manner   and   means   by   which   they   obtained   it;
  consequently        to  the   laws    in   so   far  as   they   were     necessary     to   the
  preservation   of      that  special   government;       and;   lastly;  to  the   manner     in
  which they were revealed。 In regard to other matters; wherein man's true
  happiness consists; they were on a par with the rest of the nations。
  (48) When; therefore; it is said in Scripture (Deut。 iv:7) that the Lord is
  not so nigh to any other nation as He is to the Jews; reference is only made
  to their government; and to the period when so many miracles happened to
  them;     for   in  respect    of   intellect   and   virtue    …  that  is;  in   respect    of
  blessedness       …   God     was;    as   we    have    said    already;    and    are    now
  demonstrating; equally gracious to all。 (49) Scripture itself bears testimony
  to this fact; for the Psalmist says (cxlv:18); 〃The Lord is near unto all them
  that call upon Him; to all that call upon Him in truth。〃 (50) So in the same
  Psalm; verse 9; 〃The Lord is good to all; and His tender mercies are over
  all His works。〃 In Ps。 xxxiii:16; it is clearly stated that God has granted to
  all   men   the   same   intellect;   in   these   words;   He   fashioneth      their   hearts
  alike。〃 The heart was considered by the Hebrews; as I suppose everyone
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  knows; to be the seat of the soul and the intellect。
  (51) Lastly; from Job xxxviii:28; it is plain that God had ordained for
  the whole human race the law to reverence God; to keep from evil doing;
  or   to   do   well;   and   that   Job;   although   a   Gentile;   was   of   all   men   most
  acceptable   to   God;   because   he   exceeded   all   in   piety   and   religion。   (52)
  Lastly; from Jonah iv:2; it is very evident that; not only to the Jews but to
  all   men;     God    was    gracious;     merciful;     long…    suffering;    and    of  great
  goodness;   and   repented   Him   of   the   evil;   for   Jonah   says:   〃Therefore   I
  determined       to   flee  before    unto    Tarshish;    for   I  know    that   Thou    art   a
  gracious   God;   and   merciful;  slow   to   anger;   and   of   great   kindness;〃   &c。;
  and   that; therefore;   God   would   pardon   the   Ninevites。   (53) We   conclude;
  therefore      (inasmuch      as  God     is  to  all  men    equally     gracious;    and    the
  Hebrews were only; chosen by him in respect to their social organization
  and    government);       that   the   individual    Jew;   taken   apart    from   his   social
  organization and government; possessed no gift of God above other men;
  and that there was no difference between Jew and Gentile。 (54) As it is a
  fact that God is equally gracious; merciful; and the rest; to all men; and as
  the function of the prophet was to teach men not so much the laws of their
  country; as true virtue; and to exhort them thereto; it is not to be doubted
  that   all   nations   possessed   prophets;   and   that   the   prophetic   gift   was   not
  peculiar to the Jews。 (55) Indeed; history; both profane and sacred; bears
  witness   to   the   fact。   (56) Although;   from   the   sacred   histories   of   the   Old
  Testament; it is not evident that the other nations had as many prophets as
  the Hebrews; or that any Gentile prophet was expressly sent by God to the
  nations; this does not affect the question; for the Hebrews were careful to
  record their own affairs; not those of other nations。 (57) It suffices; then;
  that we find in the Old Testament Gentiles; and uncircumcised; as Noah;
  Enoch; Abimelech;   Balaam;   &c。;   exercising   prophetic   gifts;   further;   that
  Hebrew prophets   were  sent   by  God;  not only  to   their  own   nation   but   to
  many others also。 (58) Ezekiel prophesied to all the nations then known;
  Obadiah to none; that we are aware of; save the Idumeans; and Jonah was
  chiefly the prophet to the Ninevites。 (59) Isaiah bewails and predicts the
  calamities; and hails the restoration not only of the Jews but also of other
  nations;   for   he   says   (chap。   xvi:9);   〃Therefore   I   will   bewail   Jazer   with
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  weeping;〃 and   in   chap。  xix。 he   foretells   first the   calamities   and   then   the
  restoration of the Egyptians (see verses 19; 20; 21; 25); saying that God
  shall send them a Saviour to free them; that the Lord shall be known in
  Egypt;   and;   further;   that   the   Egyptians   shall   worship   God   with   sacrifice
  and oblation; and; at last; he calls that nation the blessed Egyptian people
  of God; all of which particulars are specially noteworthy。
  (60)   Jeremiah   is   called;   not   the   prophet   of   the   Hebrew   nation;   but
  simply   the   prophet   of   the   nations   (see   Jer:i。5)。   (61)   He   also   mournfully
  foretells the calamities of the nations; and predicts their restoration; for he
  says (xlviii:31) of the Moabites; 〃Therefore will I howl for Moab; and I
  will cryout for all Moab〃 (verse 36); 〃and therefore mine heart shall sound
  for Moab like pipes;〃 in the end he prophesies their restoration; as also the
  restoration of the Egyptians; Ammonites; and Elamites。 (62) Wherefore it
  is beyond doubt that other nations also; like the Jews; had their prophets;
  who prophesied to them。
  (63) Although Scripture only; makes mention of one man; Balaam; to
  whom the future of the Jews and the other nations was revealed; we must
  not suppose that Balaam prophesied only once; for from the narrative itself
  it   is  abundantly      clear   that   he   had    long   previously      been    famous     for
  prophesy and other Divine gifts。 (64) For when Balak bade him to come to
  him;   he   said   (Num。   xxii:6);   〃For   I   know   that   he   whom   thou   blessest   is
  blessed; and   he   whom thou   cursest   is cursed。〃   (65) Thus we see   that   he
  possessed      the   gift  which     God    had   bestowed      on   Abraham。      Further;    as
  accustomed to prophesy; Balaam bade the messengers wait for him till the
  will of the Lord   was   revealed to   him。 (66) When   he prophesied;  that   is;
  when   he   interpreted   the   true   mind   of   God;   he   was   wont   to   say   this   of
  himself:   〃He   hath   said;   which   heard   the   words   of   God   and   knew   the
  knowledge of the Most High; which saw the vision of the Almighty falling
  into a tr