第 12 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9322
  prophets      could   be;   and;   in  fact;  were;    ignorant;   and    held   conflicting
  opinions。 (126) It therefore follows that we must by no means go to the
  prophets for knowledge; either of natural or of spiritual phenomena。
  (127) We have determined; then; that we are only bound to believe in
  the   prophetic   writings;   the   object   and   substance   of   the   revelation;   with
  regard to the details; every one may believe or not; as he likes。
  (128)   For   instance;   the   revelation   to   Cain   only   teaches   us   that   God
  admonished   him   to   lead   the   true   life;   for   such   alone   is   the   object   and
  substance      of   the   revelation;    not   doctrines    concerning      free   will   and
  philosophy。 (129) Hence; though the freedom of the will is clearly implied
  in the words of the admonition; we are at liberty to hold a contrary opinion;
  since the words and reasons were adapted to the understanding of Cain。
  (130)   So;   too;   the   revelation   to   Micaiah   would   only   teach   that   God
  revealed to him the true issue of the battle between Ahab and Aram; and
  this is all we are bound to believe。 (131) Whatever else is contained in the
  revelation   concerning   the   true   and   the   false   Spirit   of   God;   the   army   of
  heaven standing on the right hand and on the left; and all the other details;
  does not affect us at all。 (132) Everyone may believe as much of it as his
  reason allows。
  (132) The reasonings by which the Lord displayed His power to Job (if
  they really were a revelation; and the author of the history is narrating; and
  not merely; as some suppose; rhetorically adorning his own conceptions);
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  would come under the same category … that is; they were adapted to Job's
  understanding; for the purpose of convincing him; and are not universal; or
  for the convincing of all men。
  (133)   We   can   come   to   no   different   conclusion   with   respect   to   the
  reasonings   of   Christ;   by   which   He   convicted   the   Pharisees   of   pride   and
  ignorance;      and    exhorted     His   disciples    to  lead   the   true   life。  (134)   He
  adapted them  to   each   man's   opinions   and   principles。   (135)   For   instance;
  when He said to the Pharisees (Matt。 xii:26); 〃And if Satan cast out devils;
  his house is divided against itself; how then shall his kingdom stand? (136)
  〃He     only    wished     to  convince      the   Pharisees     according;     to   their  own
  principles;   not   to   teach   that   there   are   devils;   or   any   kingdom   of   devils。
  (137) So; too; when He said to His disciples (Matt。 viii:10); 〃See that ye
  despise not one of these little ones; for I say unto you that their angels;〃
  &c。; He merely desired to warn them against pride and despising any of
  their fellows; not to insist on the actual reason given; which was simply
  adopted in order to persuade them more easily。
  (138)   Lastly;   we   should   say;   exactly   the   same   of   the   apostolic   signs
  and reasonings; but there is no need to go further into the subject。 (139) If
  I   were    to  enumerate      all  the   passages     of   Scripture    addressed      only   to
  individuals;   or   to   a   particular   man's   understanding;   and   which   cannot;
  without   great   danger   to   philosophy;   be   defended   as   Divine   doctrines;   I
  should go far beyond the brevity at which I aim。 (140) Let it suffice; then;
  to   have    indicated     a  few   instances     of  general     application;     and   let  the
  curious reader  consider others by  himself。 (141) Although the  points   we
  have     just  raised   concerning      prophets     and    prophecy     are   the   only   ones
  which have any direct bearing on the end in view; namely; the separation
  of   Philosophy   from   Theology;          still;   as  I   have  touched   on    the  general
  question; I may here inquire whether the gift of prophecy was peculiar to
  the Hebrews; or whether it was common to all nations。 (142) I must then
  come to   a  conclusion   about the  vocation   of   the  Hebrews;  all   of  which   I
  shall do in the ensuing chapter。
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  CHAPTER III。
  OF THE VOCATION OF THE HEBREWS; AND
  WHETHER THE GIFT OF PROPHECY WAS
  PECULIAR TO THEM。
  (1)   Every   man's   true   happiness   and blessedness   consist   solely  in   the
  enjoyment of what is good; not in the pride that he alone is enjoying it; to
  the   exclusion    of   others。  (2)  He   who    thinks   himself    the  more    blessed
  because he is enjoying benefits which others are not; or because he is more
  blessed or   more   fortunate than   his   fellows;  is ignorant   of true   happiness
  and blessedness; and the joy which he feels is either childish or envious
  and   malicious。   (3)   For   instance;   a   man's   true   happiness   consists   only   in
  wisdom;  and   the   knowledge   of  the   truth; not  at   all   in   the   fact   that   he   is
  wiser than others; or that others lack such knowledge: such considerations
  do not increase his wisdom or true happiness。
  (4) Whoever; therefore; rejoices for such reasons; rejoices in another's
  misfortune;      and   is;  so  far;  malicious    and   bad;   knowing      neither   true
  happiness nor the peace of the true life。
  (5) When   Scripture; therefore;   in   exhorting   the   Hebrews to   obey  the
  law; says that the Lord has chosen them for Himself before other nations
  (Deut。 x:15); that He is near them; but not near others (Deut。 iv:7); that to
  them  alone   He   has   given   just   laws   (Deut。   iv:8);   and;   lastly;   that   He   has
  marked them out before others (Deut。 iv:32); it speaks only according to
  the understanding of its hearers; who; as we have shown in the last chapter;
  and as Moses also testifies (Deut。 ix:6; 7); knew not true blessedness。 (6)
  For in good sooth they would have been no less blessed if God had called
  all   men   equally   to   salvation;   nor   would   God   have   been   less   present   to
  them for being equally present to others; their laws; would have been no
  less just if they had been ordained for all; and they themselves would have
  been   no   less   wise。   (7) The   miracles   would   have   shown   God's   power  no
  less   by   being   wrought   for  other   nations   also;   lastly;   the   Hebrews   would
  have   been   just   as   much   bound   to   worship   God   if   He   had   bestowed   all
  these gifts equally on all men。
  (8) When God tells Solomon (1 Kings iii:12) that no one shall be as
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  wise as he in time   to come; it seems to   be only a   manner of   expressing
  surpassing      wisdom;     it  is  little  to  be  believed     that  God    would     have
  promised Solomon; for his greater happiness; that He would never endow
  anyone with so much wisdom in time to come; this would in no wise have
  increased Solomon's intellect; and the wise king would have given equal
  thanks to the Lord if everyone had been gifted with the same faculties。
  (9)   Still;  though     we    assert   that  Moses;     in   the  passages     of   the
  Pentateuch   just   cited;   spoke   only   according   to   the   understanding   of   the
  Hebrews; we have no wish to deny that God ordained the Mosaic law for
  them   alone;   nor   that   He   spoke   to   them   alone;   nor   that   they   witnessed
  marvels beyond those which happened to any other nation; but we wish to
  emphasize that Moses desired to admonish the Hebrews in such a manner;
  and with such reasonings as would appeal most forcibly to their childish
  understanding; and constrain them to worship the Deity。 (10) Further; we
  wished      to  show    that   the   Hebrews     did   not   surpass    other   nations    in
  knowledge; or in piety; but evidently in some attribute different from these;
  or (to speak like the Scriptures; according to their understanding); that the
  Hebrews were not chosen by God before others for the sake of the true life
  and sublime ideas; though they were often thereto admonished; but with
  some other object。 (11) What that object was; I will duly show。
  (12) But before I begin; I wish in a few words to explain what I mean
  by   the   guidance   of   God;   by   the   help   of   God;   external   and   inward;   and;
  lastly; what I understand by fortune。
  (13) By the help of God; I mean the