第 9 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9322
  revealed   the   contumacy   and   wretchedness   of   the   Jews。   (45)   Jeremiah;
  miserable and weary of life; prophesied the disasters of the Hebrews; so
  that Josiah would not consult him; but inquired of a woman; inasmuch as
  it   was   more   in   accordance   with   womanly  nature   that   God   should   reveal
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  His   mercy   thereto。   (46)   So;      Micaiah   never   prophesied   good   to         Ahab;
  though other true prophets had done so; but invariably evil。 (46) Thus we
  see that individual prophets were by temperament more fitted for one sort
  of revelation than another。
  (47) The style of the prophecy also varied according to the eloquence
  of   the  individual   prophet。   (48) The  prophecies of   Ezekiel   and Amos   are
  not written in a cultivated style like those of Isaiah and Nahum; but more
  rudely。   (49)   Any   Hebrew   scholar   who   wishes   to   inquire   into   this   point
  more closely; and compares chapters of the different prophets treating of
  the same subject; will find great dissimilarity of style。 (50) Compare; for
  instance; chap。 i。 of the courtly Isaiah; verse 11 to verse 20; with chap。 v。
  of the countryman Amos; verses 21…24。 (51) Compare also the order and
  reasoning of the prophecies of Jeremiah; written in Idumaea (chap。 xhx。);
  with the order and reasoning of Obadiah。 (52) Compare; lastly; Isa。 xl:19;
  20; and xliv:8; with Hosea viii:6; and xiii:2。 And so on。
  (53) A  due   consideration   of   these   passage   will   clearly   show   us   that
  God has no particular style in speaking; but; according to the learning and
  capacity      of  the   prophet;     is  cultivated;    compressed;       severe;    untutored;
  prolix; or obscure。
  (54) There was; moreover; a certain variation in the visions vouchsafed
  to   the   prophets;   and   in   the   symbols   by   which   they   expressed   them;   for
  Isaiah saw the glory of the Lord departing from the Temple in a different
  form   from   that   presented   to   Ezekiel。   (55)   The   Rabbis;   indeed;   maintain
  that    both    visions    were     really   the   same;     but   that   Ezekiel;     being    a
  countryman; was above measure impressed by it; and therefore set it forth
  in   full   detail;   but   unless   there   is   a   trustworthy   tradition   on   the   subject;
  which I do not for a moment believe; this theory is plainly an invention。
  Isaiah saw seraphim with six wings; Ezekiel beasts with four wings; Isaiah
  saw   God   clothed   and   sitting   on   a   royal   throne;   Ezekiel   saw   Him   in   the
  likeness   of   a   fire;   each   doubtless   saw   God   under   the   form   in   which   he
  usually imagined Him。
  (56) Further; the visions varied in clearness as well as in details; for
  the   revelations   of   Zechariah   were   too   obscure   to   be   understood   by   the
  prophet   without   explanation;   as   appears   from   his   narration   of   them;   the
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  visions of Daniel could not be understood by him even after they had been
  explained; and this obscurity did not arise from the difficulty of the matter
  revealed (for being merely human affairs; these only transcended human
  capacity in being future); but solely in the fact that Daniel's imagination
  was   not   so   capable   for   prophecy   while   he   was   awake   as   while   he   was
  asleep; and this is further evident from the fact that at the very beginning
  of the vision he was so terrified that he almost despaired of his strength。
  (57)    Thus;    on   account    of  the   inadequacy      of  his  imagination      and   his
  strength;   the   things   revealed   were   so   obscure   to   him   that   he   could   not
  understand   them  even   after   they  had   been   explained。   (58)   Here   we   may
  note   that   the   words   heard   by   Daniel;   were;   as   we   have   shown   above;
  simply imaginary; so that it is hardly wonderful that in his frightened state
  he   imagined   them  so   confusedly  and   obscurely  that   afterwards he   could
  make nothing of them。 (59) Those who say that God did not wish to make
  a clear revelation; do not seem to have read the words of the angel; who
  expressly says that he came to make the prophet understand what should
  befall his people in the latter days (Dan。 x:14)。
  (60)   The   revelation   remained   obscure   because   no   one   was   found;   at
  that time; with imagination sufficiently strong to conceive it more clearly。
  (61)   Lastly;  the   prophets;  to   whom  it   was   revealed   that   God   would   take
  away Elijah; wished to persuade Elisha that he had been taken somewhere
  where they would find him; showing sufficiently clearly that they had not
  understood God's revelation aright。
  (62) There is no need to set this out more amply; for nothing is more
  plain in the Bible than that God endowed some prophets with far greater
  gifts of prophecy  than  others。  (63)   But   I   will show  in   greater   detail and
  length; for I consider the point more important; that the prophecies varied
  according to the opinions previously embraced by the prophets; and that
  the prophets held diverse and even contrary opinions and prejudices。 (64)
  (I speak; be it understood; solely of   matters speculative; for in regard to
  uprightness and morality the case is widely different。) (65) From thence I
  shall   conclude   that   prophecy   never   rendered   the   prophets   more   learned;
  but left them with their former opinions; and that we are; therefore; not at
  all bound to trust them in matters of intellect。
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  (66) Everyone has been strangely hasty in affirming that the prophets
  knew everything within the scope of human intellect; and; although certain
  passages      of  Scripture    plainly   affirm   that    the  prophets     were    in  certain
  respects     ignorant;     such    persons     would     rather   say    that   they   do    not
  understand   the   passages   than   admit   that   there   was   anything   which   the
  prophets did not know; or else they try to wrest the Scriptural words away
  from their evident meaning。
  (67) If either  of these  proceedings is allowable  we may  as well   shut
  our   Bibles;   for   vainly   shall   we   attempt   to   prove   anything   from   them   if
  their   plainest   passages   may   be   classed   among   obscure   and   impenetrable
  mysteries; or if we   may put any interpretation on them which we   fancy。
  (68) For instance; nothing is more clear in the Bible than that Joshua; and
  perhaps      also   the  author    who     wrote    his  history;   thought     that   the  sun
  revolves round the earth; and that the earth is fixed; and further that the
  sun for a certain period remained still。 (69) Many; who will not admit any
  movement in the heavenly bodies; explain away the passage till it seems to
  mean something quite different; others; who have learned to philosophize
  more correctly; and understand that the earth moves while the sun is still;
  or at any rate does not revolve round the earth; try with all their might to
  wrest this   meaning   from  Scripture;   though   plainly  nothing   of   the   sort   is
  intended。   (70)   Such   quibblers   excite   my  wonder!   (71) Are   we;   forsooth;
  bound to believe that Joshua the Soldier was a learned astronomer? or that
  a miracle could not be revealed to him; or that the light of the sun could
  not remain longer than usual above the horizon; without his knowing the
  cause?   (72)   To   me   both   alternatives   appear   ridiculous;   and   therefore   I
  would      rather   say;   that  Joshua     was   ignorant     of  the   true   cause   of   the
  lengthened day; and that he and the whole host with him thought that the
  sun moved round the earth every day; and that on that particular occasion
  it   stood   still   for   a   time;   thus   causing   the   light   to   remain   longer;   and   I
  would say; that they did not conjecture that; from the amount of snow in
  the air (see Josh。 x:11); the refraction may have been greater than usual; or
  that there may have been some other cause which we will not now inquire
  into。
  (73) So also the sign of the shadow going back was revealed to Isaiah
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  according      to   his  understanding;      that   is;  as  proceeding      from    a  going
  backwards of the sun