第 5 节
作者:交通工具类:沧海一叶舟      更新:2021-12-07 09:33      字数:9315
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  or fashion any likeness of the Deity; but this was to insure purity of service;
  because; never having seen God; they could not by means of images recall
  the   likeness   of   God;   but   only   the   likeness   of   some   created   thing   which
  might thus gradually take the place of God as the object of their adoration。
  (34) Nevertheless; the Bible clearly implies that God has a form; and that
  Moses when he heard God speaking was permitted to behold it; or at least
  its hinder parts。
  (35)   Doubtless   some   mystery   lurks   in   this   question   which   we   will
  discuss more fully below。 (36) For the present I will call attention to the
  passages in Scripture indicating the means by which God has revealed His
  laws to man。
  (37)    Revelation     may   be    through     figures   only;   as  in  I  Chron:xxii。;
  where  God   displays   his   anger   to   David by  means   of   an   angel   bearing   a
  sword; and also in the story of Balaam。
  (38) Maimonides and others do indeed maintain that these and every
  other   instance   of   angelic   apparitions   (e。g。   to   Manoah   and   to   Abraham
  offering   up   Isaac)   occurred   during   sleep;   for   that   no   one   with   his   eyes
  open   ever   could   see   an   angel;   but   this   is   mere   nonsense。   (39)   The   sole
  object     of   such   commentators        seems     to   be   to  extort   from     Scripture
  confirmations        of   Aristotelian     quibbles     and    their   own     inventions;     a
  proceeding which I regard as the acme of absurdity。
  (40) In figures; not real but existing only in the prophet's imagination;
  God revealed to Joseph his future lordship; and in words and figures He
  revealed to Joshua that He would fight for the Hebrews; causing to appear
  an angel; as it were the Captain of the Lord's host; bearing a sword; and by
  this   means     communicating         verbally。    (41)   The    forsaking     of  Israel   by
  Providence was portrayed to Isaiah by a vision of the Lord; the thrice Holy;
  sitting on a very lofty throne; and the Hebrews; stained with the mire of
  their   sins;   sunk   as   it   were   in   uncleanness;   and   thus   as   far   as   possible
  distant   from   God。   (42)   The   wretchedness   of   the   people   at   the   time   was
  thus revealed; while future calamities were foretold in words。 I could cite
  from Holy Writ   many similar   examples; but   I think   they are   sufficiently
  well known already。
  (43) However; we get a still more clear confirmation of our position in
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  Num xii:6;7; as follows: 〃If there be any prophet among you; I the Lord
  will make   myself   known unto   him  in   a   vision〃   (i。e。  by  appearances   and
  signs; for God says of the prophecy of Moses that it was a vision without
  signs); 〃and will speak unto him in a dream 〃 (i。e。 not with actual words
  and an actual voice)。 (44) 〃My servant Moses is not so; with him will I
  speak mouth to mouth; even apparently; and not in dark speeches; and the
  similitude of the Lord he shall behold;〃 i。e。 looking on me as a friend and
  not afraid; he speaks with me (cf。 Ex xxxiii:17)。
  (45) This makes it indisputable that the other prophets did not hear a
  real voice; and we gather as much from Deut。 xxiv:10: 〃And there arose
  not a prophet since in Israel like unto Moses whom the Lord knew face to
  face;〃 which must mean that the Lord spoke with none other; for not even
  Moses      saw     the   Lord's    face。   (46)   These     are   the   only    media     of
  communication between God and man which I find mentioned in Scripture;
  and therefore the only ones which may be supposed or invented。 (47) We
  may be able quite to comprehend that God can communicate immediately
  with man; for without the intervention of bodily means He communicates
  to   our   minds     His   essence;    still;  a  man   who    can    by   pure   intuition
  comprehend ideas which are neither contained in nor deducible from the
  foundations of our natural knowledge; must necessarily possess a mind far
  superior to those of his fellow men; nor do I believe that any have been so
  endowed save Christ。 (48) To Him the ordinances of God leading men to
  salvation   were   revealed   directly   without   words   or   visions;   so   that   God
  manifested   Himself   to   the   Apostles   through   the   mind   of   Christ   as   He
  formerly did to Moses through the supernatural voice。 (49) In this sense
  the voice of Christ; like the voice which Moses heard; may be called the
  voice of   God;   and   it   may  be   said   that   the   wisdom  of   God   (;i。e。   wisdom
  more than human) took upon itself in Christ human nature; and that Christ
  was   the  way  of   salvation。  (50)   I  must   at this   juncture  declare that   those
  doctrines which certain churches put forward concerning Christ; I neither
  affirm nor deny; for I freely confess that I do not understand them。 (51)
  What   I   have   just stated   I   gather   from  Scripture;   where   I   never   read   that
  God appeared to Christ; or spoke to Christ; but that God was revealed to
  the Apostles through Christ; that Christ was the Way of Life; and that the
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  old law was given through an angel; and not immediately by God; whence
  it follows that if Moses spoke with God face to face as a man speaks with
  his friend (i。e。 by means of their two bodies) Christ communed with God
  mind to mind。
  (52)   Thus   we   may   conclude   that   no   one   except   Christ   received   the
  revelations   of   God   without   the   aid   of   imagination;   whether   in   words   or
  vision。   (53)   Therefore   the   power   of   prophecy   implies   not   a   peculiarly
  perfect   mind;   but   a   peculiarly   vivid   imagination;   as   I   will   show   more
  clearly in the next chapter。 (54) We will now inquire what is meant in the
  Bible by the Spirit of God breathed into the prophets; or by the prophets
  speaking with the Spirit of God; to that end we must determine the exact
  signification      of   the   Hebrew      word     roo'…akh;     Strong:7307;      commonly
  translated spirit。
  (55) The word roo'…akh; Strong:7307; literally means a wind; e。。q。 the
  south wind; but it is frequently employed in other derivative significations。
  It is used as equivalent to; (56) (1。) Breath: 〃Neither is there any spirit
  in his mouth;〃 Ps。 cxxxv:17。 (57) (2。) Life; or breathing: 〃And his spirit
  returned to him〃                       1 Sam。 xxx:12; i。e。 he breathed again。 (58)
  (3。)   Courage      and   strength:    〃Neither     did  there   remain     any   more    spirit
  in    any    man;〃     Josh。    ii:11;   〃And     the    spirit   entered     into   me;    and
  made me stand on my feet;〃 Ezek。 ii:2。 (59) (4。) Virtue and fitness: 〃Days
  should speak; and multitudes of years                              should teach wisdom;
  but   there   is   a   spirit   in   man;〃Job   xxxii:7;                i。e。   wisdom   is   not
  always      found    among     old   men    for  I  now    discover                     that   it
  depends        on     individual      virtue     and     capacity。     So;     〃A     man     in
  whom is the Spirit;〃 Numbers xxvii:18。 (60) (5。) Habit of mind: 〃Because
  he had another spirit with him;〃                           Numbers xiv:24; i。e。 another
  habit of mind。 〃Behold I will pour                             out My Spirit unto you;〃
  Prov。 i:23。 (61) (6。) Will; purpose; desire; impulse: 〃Whither the spirit was
  to go;                   they  went;〃   Ezek。  1:12;   〃That   cover   with   a   covering;
  but   not   of   My                 Spirit;〃   Is。   xxx:1;   〃For   the  Lord   hath   poured
  out on you the                       spirit of deep sleep;〃 Is。 xxix:10; 〃Then was
  their spirit                   softened;〃 Judges viii:3; 〃He that ruleth his spirit;
  is   better                 than   he   that   taketh   a   city;〃   Prov。   xvi:32;   〃He   that
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  hath no ru                     over his own spirit;〃 Prov。 xxv:28; 〃Your spirit as
  fire shall                   devour you;〃 Isaiah xxxiii:l。
  From   the     meaning      of  disposition     we   get   …  (62)  (7。)  Passions     and
  faculties。 A  lofty  spirit   means   pride;   a   lowly  spirit                    humility;
  an evil spirit hatred and melancholy。 So; too; the