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public peace be secure。
(21) Such is the chief conclusion I seek to establish in this treatise; but;
in order to reach it; I must first point out the misconceptions which; like
scars of our former bondage; still disfigure our notion of religion; and
must expose the false views about the civil authority which many have
most impudently advocated; endeavouring to turn the mind of the people;
still prone to heathen superstition; away from its legitimate rulers; and so
bring us again into slavery。 (22) As to the order of my treatise I will speak
presently; but first I will recount the causes which led me to write。
(23) I have often wondered; that persons who make a boast of
professing the Christian religion; namely; love; joy; peace; temperance;
and charity to all men; should quarrel with such rancorous animosity; and
display daily towards one another such bitter hatred; that this; rather than
the virtues they claim; is the readiest criterion of their faith。 (24) Matters
have long since come to such a pass; that one can only pronounce a man
Christian; Turk; Jew; or Heathen; by his general appearance and attire; by
his frequenting this or that place of worship; or employing the phraseology
of a particular sect … as for manner of life; it is in all cases the same。 (25)
Inquiry into the cause of this anomaly leads me unhesitatingly to ascribe it
to the fact; that the ministries of the Church are regarded by the masses
merely as dignities; her offices as posts of emolument … in short; popular
religion may be summed up as respect for ecclesiastics。 (26) The spread of
this misconception inflamed every worthless fellow with an intense desire
to enter holy orders; and thus the love of diffusing God's religion
degenerated into sordid avarice and ambition。 (27) Every church became a
theatre; where orators; instead of church teachers; harangued; caring not to
instruct the people; but striving to attract admiration; to bring opponents to
public scorn; and to preach only novelties and paradoxes; such as would
tickle the ears of their congregation。 (28) This state of things necessarily
stirred up an amount of controversy; envy; and hatred; which no lapse of
time could appease; so that we can scarcely wonder that of the old religion
nothing survives but its outward forms (even these; in the mouth of the
multitude; seem rather adulation than adoration of the Deity); and that
faith has become a mere compound of credulity and prejudices … aye;
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prejudices too; which degrade man from rational being to beast; which
completely stifle the power of judgment between true and false; which
seem; in fact; carefully fostered for the purpose of extinguishing the last
spark of reason! (29) Piety; great God! and religion are become a tissue of
ridiculous mysteries; men; who flatly despise reason; who reject and turn
away from understanding as naturally corrupt; these; I say; these of all
men; are thought; 0 lie most horrible! to possess light from on High。 (30)
Verily; if they had but one spark of light from on High; they would not
insolently rave; but would learn to worship God more wisely; and would
be as marked among their fellows for mercy as they now are for malice; if
they were concerned for their opponents' souls; instead of for their own
reputations; they would no longer fiercely persecute; but rather be filled
with pity and compassion。
(31) Furthermore; if any Divine light were in them; it would appear
from their doctrine。 (32) I grant that they are never tired of professing their
wonder at the profound mysteries of Holy Writ; still I cannot discover that
they teach anything but speculations of Platonists and Aristotelians; to
which (in order to save their credit for Christianity) they have made Holy
Writ conform; not content to rave with the Greeks themselves; they want
to make the prophets rave also; showing conclusively; that never even in
sleep have they caught a glimpse of Scripture's Divine nature。 (33) The
very vehemence of their admiration for the mysteries plainly attests; that
their belief in the Bible is a formal assent rather than a living faith: and the
fact is made still more apparent by their laying down beforehand; as a
foundation for the study and true interpretation of Scripture; the principle
that it is in every passage true and divine。 (34) Such a doctrine should be
reached only after strict scrutiny and thorough comprehension of the
Sacred Books (which would teach it much better; for they stand in need no
human factions); and not be set up on the threshold; as it were; of inquiry。
(35) As I pondered over the facts that the light of reason is not only
despised; but by many even execrated as a source of impiety; that human
commentaries are accepted as divine records; and that credulity is extolled
as faith; as I marked the fierce controversies of philosophers raging in
Church and State; the source of bitter hatred and dissension; the ready
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instruments of sedition and other ills innumerable; I determined to
examine the Bible afresh in a careful; impartial; and unfettered spirit;
making no assumptions concerning it; and attributing to it no doctrines;
which I do not find clearly therein set down。 (36) With these precautions I
constructed a method of Scriptural interpretation; and thus equipped
proceeded to inquire … what is prophecy? (37) In what sense did God
reveal himself to the prophets; and why were these particular men … chosen
by him? (38) Was it on account of the sublimity of their thoughts about the
Deity and nature; or was it solely on account of their piety? (39) These
questions being answered; I was easily able to conclude; that the authority
of the prophets has weight only in matters of morality; and that their
speculative doctrines affect us little。
(40) Next I inquired; why the Hebrews were called God's chosen
people; and discovering that it was only because God had chosen for them
a certain strip of territory; where they might live peaceably and at ease; I
learnt that the Law revealed by God to Moses was merely the law of the
individual Hebrew state; therefore that it was binding on none but
Hebrews; and not even on Hebrews after the downfall of their nation。 (41)
Further; in order to ascertain; whether it could be concluded from
Scripture; that the human understanding standing is naturally corrupt; I
inquired whether the Universal Religion; the Divine Law revealed through
the Prophets and Apostles to the whole human race; differs from that
which is taught by the light of natural reason; whether miracles can take
place in violation of the laws of nature; and if so; whether they imply the
existence of God more surely and clearly than events; which we
understand plainly and distinctly through their immediate natural causes。
(42) Now; as in the whole course of my investigation I found nothing
taught expressly by Scripture; which does not agree with our
understanding; or which is repugnant thereto; and as I saw that the
prophets taught nothing; which is not very simple and easily to be grasped
by all; and further; that they clothed their leaching in the style; and
confirmed it with the reasons; which would most deeply move the mind of
the masses to devotion towards God; I became thoroughly convinced; that
the Bible leaves reason absolutely free; that it has nothing in common with
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philosophy; in fact; that Revelation and Philosophy stand on different
footings。 In order to set this