第 28 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  admired   and   revered;   whilst   artists   have   to   struggle   for   toleration。       To
  them an undraped human body is the most monstrous; the most blighting;
  the most obscene; the most unbearable spectacle in the universe。                        To an
  artist it   is;   at its best;   the   most   admirable   spectacle in nature;   and;   at its
  average; an object of indifference。             If every rag of clothing miraculously
  dropped      from   the    inhabitants    of   London     at  noon    tomorrow      (say   as   a
  preliminary  to   the  Great   Judgment);  the  artistic  people   would not   turn   a
  hair;   but   the   artless   people   would   go   mad   and   call   on   the   mountains   to
  hide them。       I submit that this indicates a thoroughly healthy state on the
  part of the artists; and a thoroughly morbid one on the part of the artless。
  And   the   healthy   state   is   attainable   in   a   cold   country   like   ours   only   by
  familiarity with the undraped figure acquired through pictures; statues; and
  theatrical representations in which an illusion of natural clotheslessness is
  produced and made poetic。
  In short; we all grow up stupid and mad to just the extent to which we
  have not been artistically educated; and the fact that this taint of stupidity
  and madness has to be tolerated because it is general; and is even boasted
  of   as   characteristically  English;   makes   the   situation   all   the   worse。      It   is
  becoming exceedingly grave at present; because the last ray of art is being
  cut off from our schools by the discontinuance of religious education。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  The Impossibility of Secular
  Education
  Now     children    must    be   taught    some    sort   of   religion。    Secular
  education is an impossibility。        Secular education comes to this:           that the
  only reason for ceasing to do evil and learning to do well is that if you do
  not you will be caned。        This is worse than being taught in a church school
  that if you become a dissenter you will go to hell; for hell is presented as
  the instrument of something eternal; divine; and inevitable:                you cannot
  evade it   the   moment   the   schoolmaster's   back is turned。        What   confuses
  this issue and leads even highly intelligent religious persons to advocate
  secular education as a means of rescuing children from the strife of rival
  proselytizers     is  the  failure  to  distinguish    between    the  child's   personal
  subjective need for a religion and its right to an impartially communicated
  historical objective knowledge of all the creeds and Churches。                 Just as a
  child; no matter what its race and color may be; should know that there are
  black    men    and   brown    men   and   yellow    men;   and;   no  matter    what   its
  political convictions may be; that there are Monarchists and Republicans
  and   Positivists;   Socialists   and   Unsocialists;   so   it   should   know   that   there
  are Christians and Mahometans and Buddhists and Shintoists and so forth;
  and that they are on the average just as honest and well…behaved as its own
  father。    For example; it should not be told that Allah is a false god set up
  by the Turks and Arabs; who will all be damned for taking that liberty; but
  it should be told that many English people think so; and that many Turks
  and Arabs think the converse about English people。                 It should be taught
  that Allah is simply the name by which God is known to Turks and Arabs;
  who are just as eligible for salvation as any Christian。              Further; that the
  practical   reason   why   a   Turkish   child   should   pray   in   a   mosque   and   an
  English   child   in   a   church   is   that   as   worship   is   organized   in   Turkey   in
  mosques in the name of Mahomet and in England in churches in the name
  of   Christ;   a   Turkish   child   joining   the   Church   of   England   or   an   English
  child following Mahomet will find that it has no place for its worship and
  no organization of its religion within its reach。          Any other teaching of the
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  history   and   present   facts   of   religion   is   false   teaching;   and   is   politically
  extremely dangerous in an empire in which a huge majority of the fellow
  subjects of the governing island do not profess the religion of that island。
  But   this   objectivity;   though   intellectually   honest;   tells   the   child   only
  what other people believe。            What it should itself believe is quite another
  matter。     The sort of Rationalism which says to a child 〃You must suspend
  your     judgment      until  you    are  old   enough     to   choose    your    religion〃    is
  Rationalism gone mad。            The child must have a conscience and a code of
  honor (which is the essence of religion) even if it be only a provisional one;
  to be revised at its confirmation。 For confirmation is meant to signalize a
  spiritual   coming   of   age;   and   may  be   a   repudiation。      Really  active   souls
  have many confirmations and repudiations as their life deepens and their
  knowledge        widens。      But    what    is  to   guide    the   child   before    its  first
  confirmation?        Not mere orders; because orders must have a sanction of
  some   sort   or   why  should   the   child   obey  them?        If;   as   a   Secularist;   you
  refuse to teach any sanction; you must say 〃You will be punished if you
  disobey。〃      〃Yes;〃 says the child to itself; 〃if I am found out; but wait until
  your back is turned and I will do as I like; and lie about it。〃                 There can be
  no   objective   punishment   for   successful   fraud;   and   as   no   espionage   can
  cover   the   whole   range   of   a   child's   conduct;   the   upshot   is   that   the   child
  becomes a liar and schemer with an atrophied conscience。                        And a good
  many      of  the   orders    given    to  it  are   not   obeyed     after  all。   Thus     the
  Secularist who is not a fool is forced to appeal to the child's vital impulse
  towards perfection; to the divine spark; and no resolution not to call this
  impulse   an   impulse   of   loyalty   to   the   Fellowship   of   the   Holy   Ghost;   or
  obedience to the Will of God; or any other standard theological term; can
  alter   the   fact   that   the   Secularist   has   stepped   outside   Secularism   and   is
  educating the child religiously; even if he insists on repudiating that pious
  adverb and substituting the word metaphysically。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Natural Selection as a Religion
  We must make up our minds to it therefore that whatever measures we
  may be forced to take to prevent the recruiting sergeants of the Churches;
  free or established; from obtaining an exclusive right of entry to schools;
  we shall not be able to exclude religion from them。 The most horrible of
  all   religions:    that   which   teaches   us   to   regard   ourselves   as   the   helpless
  prey of a series of senseless accidents called Natural Selection; is allowed
  and even welcomed in so…called secular schools because it is; in a sense;
  the negation of all religion; but for school purposes a religion is a belief
  which   affects   conduct;   and   no   belief   affects   conduct   more   radically   and
  often so disastrously as the belief that the universe is a product of Natural
  Selection。      What is more; the theory of Natural Selection cannot be kept
  out   of   schools;   because   many   of   the   natural   facts   that   present   the   most
  plausible appearance of design can be accounted for by Natural Selection;
  and   it   would   be   so   absurd   to   keep   a   child   in   delusive   ignorance   of   so
  potent   a   factor   in   evolution   as   to   keep   it   in   ignorance   of   radiation   or
  capillary   attraction。      Even   if   you   make   a   religion   of   Natural   Selection;
  and     teach   the   child    to  regard    itself  as   the  irresponsible      prey   of   its
  circumstances and appetites (or its heredity as you will perhaps call them);
  you     will  none    the   less  find   that   its  appetites   are   stimulated     by   your
  encouragement          and   daunted     by   your    discouragement;       that   one   of   its
  appetites is an appetite for perfection; that if you discourage this appetite
  and e