第 16 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9322
  twenty…one years penal servitude。 Indeed it is worse; for the convict may
  have     learnt   before   his   conviction    how     to  live  in   freedom     and   may
  remember how to set about it; however lamed his powers of freedom may
  have become through disuse; but the child knows no other way of life but
  the slave's way。 Born free; as Rousseau says; he has been laid hands on by
  slaves from the moment of his birth and brought up as a slave。                  How is he;
  when he is at last set free; to be anything else than the slave he actually is;
  clamoring for war; for the lash; for police; prisons; and scaffolds in a wild
  panic   of   delusion   that   without   these   things   he   is   lost。 The   grown…up
  Englishman   is   to   the   end   of   his   days   a   badly   brought…up   child;   beyond
  belief   quarrelsome;   petulant;   selfish;   destructive;   and   cowardly:        afraid
  that the Germans will come and enslave him; that the burglar will come
  and   rob   him;   that   the   bicycle   or   motor   car   will   run   over   him;   that   the
  smallpox will attack him; and that the devil will run away with him and
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  empty him out like a sack of coals on a blazing fire unless his nurse or his
  parents or his schoolmaster or his bishop or his judge or his army or his
  navy   will   do   something   to   frighten   these   bad   things   away。       And   this
  Englishman; without the moral courage of a louse; will risk his neck for
  fun fifty times every winter in the hunting field; and at Badajos sieges and
  the like   will   ram  his   head into   a  hole  bristling   with   sword   blades   rather
  than be beaten in the one department in which he has been brought up to
  consult   his   own   honor。     As   a   Sportsman   (and   war  is   fundamentally  the
  sport of hunting and fighting the most dangerous of the beasts of prey) he
  feels   free。   He   will   tell   you   himself   that   the   true   sportsman   is   never   a
  snob; a coward; a duffer; a cheat; a thief; or a liar。 Curious; is it not; that he
  has not the same confidence in other sorts of man?
  And     even    sport   is  losing   its  freedom。      Soon     everybody      will   be
  schooled; mentally and physically; from the cradle to the end of the term
  of   adult   compulsory       military   service;    and   finally   of  compulsory      civil
  service lasting until the age of superannuation。               Always more schooling;
  more compulsion。          We are to be cured by an excess of the dose that has
  poisoned us。       Satan is to cast out Satan。
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  Under the Whip
  Clearly  this   will   not   do。   We   must   reconcile   education   with   liberty。
  We   must   find   out   some   means   of   making   men   workers   and;   if   need  be;
  warriors;     without    making     them    slaves。    We     must    cultivate   the   noble
  virtues   that   have   their   root   in   pride。 Now   no   schoolmaster   will   teach
  these   any   more   than   a   prison   governor   will   teach   his   prisoners   how   to
  mutiny and escape。          Self…preservation forces him to break the spirit that
  revolts against him; and to inculcate submission; even to obscene assault;
  as a duty。      A bishop once had the hardihood to say that he would rather
  see England free than England sober。               Nobody has yet dared to say that
  he    would    rather   see   an   England     of  ignoramuses      than    an  England     of
  cowards and slaves。          And if anyone did; it would be necessary to point
  out that the antithesis is not a practical one; as we have got at present an
  England of ignoramuses who are also cowards and slaves; and extremely
  proud of it at that; because in school they are taught to submit; with what
  they    ridiculously     call   Oriental    fatalism    (as  if  any   Oriental    has   ever
  submitted more helplessly and sheepishly to robbery and oppression than
  we Occidentals do); to be driven day after day into compounds and set to
  the   tasks   they   loathe   by   the   men   they   hate   and   fear;   as   if   this   were   the
  inevitable destiny of mankind。            And naturally; when they grow up; they
  helplessly exchange the prison of the school for the prison of the mine or
  the workshop or the office; and drudge along stupidly and miserably; with
  just enough gregarious instinct to turn furiously on any intelligent person
  who     proposes     a  change。     It  would     be  quite   easy   to  make    England     a
  paradise;   according   to   our   present   ideas;   in   a   few   years。    There   is   no
  mystery   about   it:     the   way   has   been   pointed   out   over   and   over   again。
  The difficulty is not the way but the will。             And we have no will because
  the   first   thing   done   with   us   in   childhood   was   to   break   our   will。 Can
  anything   be   more   disgusting   than   the   spectacle   of   a   nation   reading   the
  biography   of   Gladstone   and   gloating   over   the   account   of   how   he   was
  flogged   at   Eton;   two   of   his   schoolfellows   being   compelled   to   hold   him
  down whilst he was flogged。             Not long ago a public body in England had
  to deal with the case of a schoolmaster who; conceiving himself insulted
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  by the smoking of a cigaret against his orders by a pupil eighteen years old;
  proposed to flog him publicly as a satisfaction to what he called his honor
  and authority。 I had intended to give the particulars of this ease; but find
  the drudgery of repeating such stuff too sickening; and the effect unjust to
  a man who was doing only what others all over the country were doing as
  part of the established routine of what is called education。 The astounding
  part   of   it   was   the   manner   in   which   the   person   to   whom  this   outrage   on
  decency seemed   quite proper   and natural   claimed to   be a   functionary  of
  high   character;   and   had   his   claim   allowed。       In   Japan   he   would   hardly
  have been allowed the privilege of committing suicide。 What is to be said
  of a profession in which such obscenities are made points of honor; or of
  institutions     in  which     they   are   an  accepted     part   of  the   daily   routine?
  Wholesome   people   would   not   argue   about   the   taste   of   such   nastinesses:
  they would spit them out; but we are tainted with flagellomania from our
  childhood。       When      will   we    realize   that  the   fact  that   we   can    become
  accustomed   to   anything;   however   disgusting   at   first;   makes   it   necessary
  for   us   to   examine   carefully  everything   we   have become   accustomed   to?
  Before   motor   cars   became   common;   necessity   had   accustomed   us   to   a
  foulness in our streets which would have horrified us had the street been
  our drawing…room carpet。 Before long we shall be as particular about our
  streets    as   we   now    are   about    our   carpets;   and    their  condition     in   the
  nineteenth      century     will   become      as   forgotten     and    incredible     as   the
  condition of the corridors of palaces and the courts of castles was as late as
  the eighteenth century。          This foulness; we can plead; was imposed on us
  as a necessity by the use of horses and of huge retinues; but flogging has
  never   been   so   imposed:       it   has   always   been   a   vice;   craved   for   on   any
  pretext by those depraved by it。            Boys were flogged when criminals were
  hanged;   to   impress   the   awful   warning   on   them。        Boys   were   flogged   at
  boundaries; to impress the boundaries on their memory。                      Other methods
  and   other   punishments   were   always   available:           the   choice   of   this   one
  betrayed   the   sensual   impulse   which   makes   the   practice   an   abomination。
  But when its viciousness made it customary; it was practised and tolerated
  on    all  hands    by   people     who    were    innocent     of   anything     worse    than
  stupidity;     ill   temper;     and    inability    to   discover     other     methods      of
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  maintaining order than those they had always seen practised and approved
  of。    From children and animals it extended to