第 11 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9317
  that 〃Satan finds some   mischief still for idle hands to do〃 and it will be
  seen that we have no right to impose a perpetual holiday on children。                    If
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  we did; they would soon outdo the Labor Party in their claim for a Right to
  Work Bill。
  In any case no child should be brought up to suppose that its food and
  clothes come down from heaven or are miraculously conjured from empty
  space   by  papa。      Loathsome   as   we   have   made   the   idea   of   duty  (like   the
  idea    of   work)     we   must     habituate    children     to  a   sense    of  repayable
  obligation      to  the   community       for   what    they   consume      and    enjoy;   and
  inculcate   the   repayment   as   a   point   of   honor。    If   we   did   that   todayand
  nothing but flat dishonesty prevents us from doing itwe should have no
  idle rich and indeed probably no rich; since there is no distinction in being
  rich if you have to pay scot and lot in personal effort like the working folk。
  Therefore;   if   for   only   half   an   hour   a   day;   a   child   should   do   something
  serviceable to the community。
  Productive work for children has the advantage that its discipline is the
  discipline of impersonal necessity; not that of wanton personal   coercion。
  The eagerness of children in our industrial districts to escape from school
  to the factory is not caused by lighter tasks or shorter hours in the factory;
  nor   altogether   by   the   temptation   of   wages;   nor   even   by   the   desire   for
  novelty;  but by  the  dignity  of   adult   work;  the  exchange  of the   factitious
  personal tyranny of the schoolmaster; from which the grown…ups are free;
  for   the   stern   but   entirely   dignified   Laws   of   Life   to   which   all   flesh   is
  subject。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  University Schoolboyishness
  Older children might do a good deal before beginning their collegiate
  education。      What is the matter with our universities is that all the students
  are schoolboys; whereas it is of the very essence of university education
  that   they   should   be   men。    The   function   of   a   university   is   not   to   teach
  things   that   can   now   be taught   as   well   or   better  by  University  Extension
  lectures     or  by   private    tutors   or  modern     correspondence        classes   with
  gramophones。         We go to them to be socialized; to acquire the hall mark
  of communal training; to become citizens of the world instead of inmates
  of   the   enlarged    rabbit   hutches     we   call  homes;     to  learn   manners     and
  become       unchallengeable       ladies   and    gentlemen。      The     social   pressure
  which effects these changes should be that of persons who have faced the
  full    responsibilities     of   adults    as  working      members       of   the   general
  community; not that of a barbarous rabble of half emancipated schoolboys
  and unemancipable pedants。             It is true that in a reasonable state of society
  this    outside    experience     would     do   for   us   very   completely      what    the
  university   does   now   so   corruptly   that   we   tolerate   its   bad   manners   only
  because   they  are   better   than   no   manners   at   all。  But   the   university   will
  always exist in some form as a community of persons desirous of pushing
  their   culture    to  the  highest    pitch   they   are  capable     of;  not  as  solitary
  students reading in seclusion; but as members of a body of individuals all
  pursuing   culture;   talking   culture;   thinking   culture;   above   all;   criticizing
  culture。     If such persons are to read and talk and criticize to any purpose;
  they   must   know   the   world   outside   the   university   at   least   as   well   as   the
  shopkeeper in the High Street does。 And this is just what they do not know
  at   present。    You   may  say  of   them;  paraphrasing Mr。   Kipling;  〃What   do
  they   know   of   Plato   that   only   Plato   know?〃      If   our   universities   would
  exclude      everybody      who    had   not   earned    a  living   by   his  or   her   own
  exertions     for   at  least  a  couple    of  years;   their   effect  would     be   vastly
  improved。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  The New Laziness
  The   child   of   the   future;   then;   if   there   is   to   be   any  future   but   one   of
  decay; will work more or less for its living from an early age; and in doing
  so   it   will   not   shock   anyone;   provided   there   be   no   longer   any   reason   to
  associate the conception of children working for their living with infants
  toiling in a factory for ten hours a day or boys drudging from nine to six
  under gas lamps in underground city offices。 Lads and lasses in their teens
  will probably  be   able   to   produce   as   much   as   the   most   expensive   person
  now   costs   in   his   own   person   (it   is   retinue   that   eats   up   the   big   income)
  without working too hard or too long for quite as much happiness as they
  can    enjoy。    The     question    to  be   balanced     then   will   be;  not   how    soon
  people should be put to work; but how soon they should be released from
  any obligation of the kind。 A life's work is like a day's work:                  it can begin
  early and leave   off early  or begin   late and leave off late; or;  as with us;
  begin   too   early   and   never   leave   off   at   all;   obviously   the   worst   of   all
  possible   plans。      In   any   event   we   must   finally   reckon   work;   not   as   the
  curse our schools and prisons and capitalist profit factories make it seem
  today; but as a prime necessity of a tolerable existence。                 And if we cannot
  devise   fresh   wants   as   fast   as   we   develop   the   means   of   supplying   them;
  there   will   come   a   scarcity   of   the   needed;   cut…and…dried;   appointed   work
  that is always ready to everybody's hand。                 It may have to be shared out
  among   people   all   of   whom   want   more   of   it。       And   then   a   new   sort   of
  laziness will become the bugbear of society:                 the laziness that refuses to
  face the mental toil and adventure of making work by inventing new ideas
  or   extending      the  domain      of  knowledge;       and   insists   on   a  ready…made
  routine。     It may come to forcing people to retire before they are willing to
  make way for  younger ones:              that is; to driving   all persons of a  certain
  age    out   of   industry;   leaving     them    to  find   something      experimental      to
  occupy  them   on   pain   of   perpetual   holiday。        Men   will   then   try   to   spend
  twenty thousand a year for the sake of having to earn it。                  Instead of being
  what we are now; the cheapest and nastiest of the animals; we shall be the
  costliest; most fastidious; and best bred。              In short; there is no end to the
  astonishing things that may happen when the curse of Adam becomes first
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  a   blessing   and   then   an   incurable   habit。   And   in   that   day   we   must   not
  grudge children their share of it。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  The Infinite School Task
  The question of children's work; however; is only a question of what
  the child ought to do for the community。                How highly it should qualify
  itself is another matter。       But most of the difficulty of inducing children to
  learn would disappear if our demands became not only definite but finite。
  When learning is only an excuse for imprisonment; it is an instrument of
  torture   which   becomes   more   painful   the   more   progress   is   made。        Thus
  when you have forced a child to learn the Church Catechism; a document
  profound beyond the comprehension of most adults; you are sometimes at
  a   standstill   for   something     else   to  teach;   and   you    therefore    keep   the
  wretched child repeating its catechism again and again until you hit on the
  plan   of   making   it   learn   instalments   of   Bible   verses;   preferably   from   the
  book of Numbers。