第 10 节
作者:淋雨      更新:2021-12-07 09:32      字数:9321
  tolerate at all。    But something like a change of heart is still possible; and
  since all the evils of snobbery and segregation are rampant in our schools
  at present we may as well make the best as the worst of them。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Children's Rights and Duties
  Now   let   us   ask   what   are   a   child's   rights;   and   what   are   the   rights   of
  society over the child。         Its rights; being clearly those of any other human
  being;     are  summed       up   in  the   right   to  live:   that    is;  to  have    all  the
  conclusive arguments that prove that it would be better dead; that it is a
  child of wrath; that the population is already excessive; that the pains of
  life   are   greater    than   its  pleasures;     that   its  sacrifice   in   a  hospital    or
  laboratory experiment might save millions of lives; etc。 etc。 etc。; put out of
  the    question;    and    its  existence    accepted      as  necessary     and    sacred;    all
  theories      to    the   contrary      notwithstanding;        whether       by    Calvin     or
  Schopenhauer or Pasteur or the nearest person with a taste for infanticide。
  And this right to live includes; and in fact is; the right to be what the child
  likes and can; to do what it likes and can; to make what it likes and can; to
  think    what    it  likes   and   can;   to   smash    what     it  dislikes   and   can;   and
  generally   to   behave   in   an   altogether   unaccountable   manner   within   the
  limits imposed by the similar rights of its neighbors。                    And the rights of
  society   over   it   clearly   extend   to   requiring   it   to   qualify   itself   to   live   in
  society   without   wasting   other   peoples   time:          that   is;   it   must   know   the
  rules of the road; be able to read placards and proclamations; fill voting
  papers;     compose       and   send    letters   and    telegrams;     purchase     food    and
  clothing   and   railway   tickets   for   itself;   count   money   and   give   and   take
  change; and; generally; know how many beans made five。                         It must know
  some   law;   were   it   only   a   simple   set   of   commandments;   some   political
  economy; agriculture enough to shut the gates of fields with cattle in them
  and   not to   trample   on   growing   crops;  sanitation   enough   not to defile   its
  haunts;   and   religion   enough   to   have   some   idea   of   why   it   is   allowed   its
  rights   and   why  it   must   respect   the  rights of   others。      And the  rest   of   its
  education   must   consist   of   anything   else   it   can   pick   up;   for   beyond   this
  society cannot go with any certainty; and indeed can only go this far rather
  apologetically and provisionally; as doing the best it can on very uncertain
  ground。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Should Children Earn their Living?
  Now      comes    the   question     how    far  children    should     be  asked    to
  contribute to the support of the community。               In approaching it we must
  put   aside   the   considerations   that   now   induce   all   humane   and   thoughtful
  political   students   to   agitate   for   the   uncompromising   abolition   of   child
  labor under our capitalist system。           It is not the least of the curses of that
  system that it will bequeath to future generations a mass of legislation to
  prevent     capitalists   from    〃using    up   nine   generations     of   men    in  one
  generation;〃 as they began by doing until they were restrained by law at
  the suggestion of Robert Owen; the founder of English Socialism。                      Most
  of this legislation will become an insufferable restraint upon freedom and
  variety    of   action   when     Capitalism     goes   the   way    of  Druidic     human
  sacrifice   (a   much   less   slaughterous   institution)。     There   is   every   reason
  why a child should not be allowed to work for commercial profit or for the
  support   of   its   parents   at   the   expense   of   its   own   future;   but   there   is   no
  reason whatever why a child should not   do some work for its own sake
  and    that   of  the  community       if  it  can  be   shewn    that  both    it  and  the
  community will be the better for it。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  Children's Happiness
  Also it is important to put the happiness of the children rather carefully
  in its place; which is really not a front place。          The unsympathetic; selfish;
  hard   people   who   regard   happiness   as   a   very   exceptional   indulgence   to
  which children are  by no means   entitled; though they  may be allowed a
  very   little   of   it   on   their   birthdays   or   at   Christmas;   are   sometimes   better
  parents   in   effect   than   those   who   imagine   that   children   are  as capable   of
  happiness as adults。        Adults habitually exaggerate their own capacity in
  that direction grossly; yet most adults can stand an allowance of happiness
  that   would     be  quite   thrown    away     on  children。     The    secret   of  being
  miserable is to have leisure to bother about whether you are happy or not。
  The cure for it is occupation; because occupation means pre…occupation;
  and   the   pre…occupied   person   is   neither   happy   nor   unhappy;   but   simply
  alive and active; which is pleasanter than any happiness until you are tired
  of it。    That is why it is necessary to happiness that one should be tired。
  Music after dinner is pleasant:         music before breakfast is so unpleasant as
  to be clearly unnatural。       To people who are not overworked holidays are a
  nuisance。      To   people    who    are;  and   who    can   afford   them;   they   are   a
  troublesome necessity。         A perpetual holiday is a good working definition
  of hell。
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  A TREATISE ON PARENTS AND CHILDREN
  The Horror of the Perpetual
  Holiday
  It will be said here that; on the contrary; heaven is always conceived as
  a   perpetual    holiday;   and   that  whoever     is  not  born    to  an  independent
  income is striving for one or longing for one because it gives holidays for
  life。   To which I reply; first; that heaven; as conventionally conceived; is
  a place   so   inane; so dull; so useless;   so   miserable; that   nobody  has   ever
  ventured to describe a whole day in heaven; though plenty of people have
  described a day at the seaside; and that the genuine popular verdict on it is
  expressed   in   the   proverb   〃Heaven   for   holiness   and   Hell   for   company。〃
  Second;      I  point  out   that  the  wretched     people    who    have   independent
  incomes   and   no   useful   occupation;   do   the   most   amazingly   disagreeable
  and dangerous things to make themselves tired and hungry in the evening。
  When      they   are  not   involved    in  what   they   call  sport;   they   are  doing
  aimlessly  what   other   people   have   to   be   paid   to   do: driving   horses   and
  motor cars; trying on dresses and walking up and down to shew them off;
  and acting as footmen and housemaids to royal personages。                  The sole and
  obvious cause of the notion that idleness is delightful and that heaven is a
  place   where   there   is   nothing   to   be   done;   is   our   school   system   and   our
  industrial system。       The school is a prison in which work is a punishment
  and   a   curse。   In   avowed   prisons;   hard   labor;   the   only   alleviation   of   a
  prisoner's     lot;  is  treated   as  an   aggravation     of   his  punishment;      and
  everything      possible   is  done    to  intensify   the  prisoner's   inculcated     and
  unnatural notion that work is an evil。          In industry we are overworked and
  underfed   prisoners。      Under   such   absurd   circumstances   our   judgment   of
  things    becomes      as  perverted     as  our   habits。    If   we   were    habitually
  underworked and overfed; our notion of heaven would be a place where
  everybody worked strenuously for twenty…four hours a day and never got
  anything to eat。
  Once realize that a perpetual holiday is beyond human endurance; and
  that 〃Satan finds some   mischief still for idle hands to do〃 and it will be
  seen that we have no right to impose a perpetual holiday