I　was　quickly　aware　of　the　importance　of　keeping　some　kind　of
  reckoning　of　time；　without　which　I　was　sensible　that　I　should　soon
  lose　all　knowledge　of　the　day　of　the　week；　and　be　unable　to
  distinguish　one　from　the　other；　and　not　know　which　was　the　Lord's
  day。
  I　remembered　back　carefully　to　the　reckoning　of　time　kept　in　the
  longboat　by　Captain　Nicholl；　and　carefully；　again　and　again；　to　make
  sure　beyond　any　shadow　of　uncertainty；　I　went　over　the　tale　of　the
  days　and　nights　I　had　spent　on　the　island。　　Then；　by　seven　stones
  outside　my　hut；　I　kept　my　weekly　calendar。　　In　one　place　on　the　oar
  I　cut　a　small　notch　for　each　week；　and　in　another　place　on　the　oar　I
  notched　the　months；　being　duly　careful　indeed；　to　reckon　in　the
  additional　days　to　each　month　over　and　beyond　the　four　weeks。
  Thus　I　was　enabled　to　pay　due　regard　to　the　Sabbath。　　As　the　only
  mode　of　worship　I　could　adopt；　I　carved　a　short　hymn；　appropriate　to
  my　situation；　on　the　oar；　which　I　never　failed　to　chant　on　the
  Sabbath。　　God；　in　His　all…mercy；　had　not　forgotten　me；　nor　did　I；　in
  those　eight　years；　fail　at　all　proper　times　to　remember　God。
  It　was　astonishing　the　work　required；　under　such　circumstances；　to
  supply　one's　simple　needs　of　food　and　shelter。　　Indeed；　I　was　rarely
  idle；　that　first　year。　　The　hut；　itself　a　mere　lair　of　rocks；
  nevertheless　took　six　weeks　of　my　time。　　The　tardy　curing　and　the
  endless　scraping　of　the　sealskins；　so　as　to　make　them　soft　and
  pliable　for　garments；　occupied　my　spare　moments　for　months　and
  months。
  Then　there　was　the　matter　of　my　water　supply。　　After　any　heavy　gale；
  the　flying　spray　salted　my　saved　rainwater；　so　that　at　times　I　was
  grievously　put　to　live　through　till　fresh　rains　fell　unaccompanied
  by　high　winds。　　Aware　that　a　continual　dropping　will　wear　a　stone；　I
  selected　a　large　stone；　fine　and　tight　of　texture　and；　by　means　of
  smaller　stones；　I　proceeded　to　pound　it　hollow。　　In　five　weeks　of
  most　arduous　toil　I　managed　thus　to　make　a　jar　which　I　estimated　to
  hold　a　gallon　and　a　half。　　Later；　I　similarly　made　a　four…gallon
  jar。　　It　took　me　nine　weeks。　　Other　small　ones　I　also　made　from　time
  to　time。　　One；　that　would　have　contained　eight　gallons；　developed　a
  flaw　when　I　had　worked　seven　weeks　on　it。
  But　it　was　not　until　my　fourth　year　on　the　island；　when　I　had　become
  reconciled　to　the　possibility　that　I　might　continue　to　live　there
  for　the　term　of　my　natural　life；　that　I　created　my　masterpiece。　　It
  took　me　eight　months；　but　it　was　tight；　and　it　held　upwards　of
  thirty　gallons。　　These　stone　vessels　were　a　great　gratification　to
  meso　much　so；　that　at　times　I　forgot　my　humility　and　was　unduly
  vain　of　them。　　Truly；　they　were　more　elegant　to　me　than　was　ever　the
  costliest　piece　of　furniture　to　any　queen。　　Also；　I　made　me　a　small
  rock　vessel；　containing　no　more　than　a　quart；　with　which　to　convey
  water　from　the　catching…places　to　my　large　receptacles。　　When　I　say
  that　this　one…quart　vessel　weighed　all　of　two　stone；　the　reader　will
  realize　that　the　mere　gathering　of　the　rainwater　was　no　light　task。
  Thus；　I　rendered　my　lonely　situation　as　comfortable　as　could　be
  expected。　　I　had　completed　me　a　snug　and　secure　shelter；　and；　as　to
  provision；　I　had　always　on　hand　a　six　months'　supply；　preserved　by
  salting　and　drying。　　For　these　things；　so　essential　to　preserve
  life；　and　which　one　could　scarcely　have　expected　to　obtain　upon　a
  desert　island；　I　was　sensible　that　I　could　not　be　too　thankful。
  Although　denied　the　privilege　of　enjoying　the　society　of　any　human
  creature；　not　even　of　a　dog　or　a　cat；　I　was　far　more　reconciled　to
  my　lot　than　thousands　probably　would　have　been。　　Upon　the　desolate
  spot；　where　fate　had　placed　me；　I　conceived　myself　far　more　happy
  than　many；　who；　for　ignominious　crimes；　were　doomed　to　drag　out
  their　lives　in　solitary　confinement　with　conscience　ever　biting　as　a
  corrosive　canker。
  However　dreary　my　prospects；　I　was　not　without　hope　that　that
  Providence；　which；　at　the　very　moment　when　hunger　threatened　me　with
  dissolution；　and　when　I　might　easily　have　been　engulfed　in　the　maw
  of　the　sea；　had　cast　me　upon　those　barren　rocks；　would　finally
  direct　some　one　to　my　relief。
  If　deprived　of　the　society　of　my　fellow　creatures；　and　of　the
  conveniences　of　life；　I　could　not　but　reflect　that　my　forlorn
  situation　was　yet　attended　with　some　advantages。　　Of　the　whole
  island；　though　small；　I　had　peaceable　possession。　　No　one；　it　was
  probable；　would　ever　appear　to　dispute　my　claim；　unless　it　were　the
  amphibious　animals　of　the　ocean。　　Since　the　island　was　almost
  inaccessible；　at　night　my　repose　was　not　disturbed　by　continual
  apprehension　of　the　approach　of　cannibals　or　of　beasts　of　prey。
  Again　and　again　I　thanked　God　on　my　knees　for　these　various　and　many
  benefactions。
  Yet　is　man　ever　a　strange　and　unaccountable　creature。　　I；　who　had
  asked　of　God's　mercy　no　more　than　putrid　meat　to　eat　and　a
  sufficiency　of　water　not　too　brackish；　was　no　sooner　blessed　with　an
  abundance　of　cured　meat　and　sweet　water　than　I　began　to　know
  discontent　with　my　lot。　　I　began　to　want　fire；　and　the　savour　of
  cooked　meat　in　my　mouth。　　And　continually　I　would　discover　myself
  longing　for　certain　delicacies　of　the　palate　such　as　were　part　of
  the　common　daily　fare　on　the　home　table　at　Elkton。　　Strive　as　I
  would；　ever　my　fancy　eluded　my　will　and　wantoned　in　day…dreaming　of
  the　good　things　I　had　eaten　and　of　the　good　things　I　would　eat　if
  ever　I　were　rescued　from　my　lonely　situation。
  It　was　the　old　Adam　in　me；　I　supposethe　taint　of　that　first　father
  who　was　the　first　rebel　against　God's　commandments。　　Most　strange　is
  man；　ever　insatiable；　ever　unsatisfied；　never　at　peace　with　God　or
  himself；　his　days　filled　with　restlessness　and　useless　endeavour；
  his　nights　a　glut　of　vain　dreams　of　desires　wilful　and　wrong。　　Yes；
  and　also　I　was　much　annoyed　by　my　craving　for　tobacco。　　My　sleep　was
  often　a　torment　to　me；　for　it　was　then　that　my　desires　took　licence
  to　rove；　so　that　a　thousand　times　I　dreamed　myself　possessed　of
  hogsheads　of　tobaccoay；　and　of　warehouses　of　tobacco；　and　of
  shiploads　and　of　entire　plantations　of　tobacco。
  But　I　revenged　myself　upon　myself。　　I　prayed　God　unceasingly　for　a
  humble　heart；　and　chastised　my　flesh　with　unremitting　toil。　　Unable
  to　improve　my　mind；　I　determined　to　improve　my　barren　island。　　I
  laboured　four　months　at　constructing　a　stone　wall　thirty　feet　long；
  including　its　wings；　and　a　dozen　feet　high。　　This　was　as　a
  protection　to　the　hut　in　the　periods　of　the　great　gales　when　all　the
  island　was　as　a　tiny　petrel　in　the　maw　of　the　hurricane。　　Nor　did　I
  conceive　the　time　misspent。　　Thereafter　I　lay　snug　in　the　heart　of
  calm　while　all　the　air　for　a　hundred　feet　above　my　head　was　one
  stream　of　gust…driven　water。
  In　the　third　year　I　began　me　a　pillar　of　rock。　　Rather　was　it　a
  pyramid；　four…square；　broad　at　the　base；　sloping　upward　not　steeply
  to　the　apex。　　In　this　fashion　I　was　compelled　to　build；　for　gear　and
  timber　there　was　none　in　all　the　island　for　the　construction　of
  scaffolding。　　Not　until　the　close　of　the　fifth　year　was　my　pyramid
  complete。　　It　stood　on　the　summit　of　the　island。　　Now；　when　I　state
  that　the　summit　was　but　forty　feet　above　the　sea；　and　that　the　peak
  of　my　pyramid　was　forty　feet　above　the　summit；　it　will　be　conceived
  that　I；　without　tools；　had　doubled　the　stature　of　the　island。　　It
  might　be　urged　by　some　unthinking　ones　that　I　interfered　with　God's
  plan　in　the　creation　of　the　world。　　Not　so；　I　hold。　　For　was　not　I
  equally　a　part　of　God's　plan；　along　with　this　heap　of　rocks
  upjutting　in　the　solitude　of　ocean？　　My　arms　with　which　to　work；　my
  back　with　which　to　bend　and　lift；　my　hands　cunning　to　clutch　and
  holdwere　not　these　parts　too　in　God's　plan？　　Much　I　pondered　the
  matter。　　I　know　that　I　was　right。
  In　the　sixth　year　I　increased　the　base　of　my　pyramid；　so　that　in
  eighteen　months　thereafter　the　height　of　my　monument　was　fifty　feet
  above　the　height　of　the　island。　　This　was　no　tower　of　Babel。　　It
  served　two　right　purposes。　　It　gave　me　a　lookout　from　which　to　scan
  the　ocean　for　ships；　and　increased　the　likelihood　of　my　island　being
  sighted　by　the　careless　roving　eye　of　any　seaman。　　And　it　kept　my
  body　and　mind　in　health。　　With　hands　never　idle；　there　was　small
  opportunity　for　Satan　on　that　island。　　Only　in　my　dreams　did　he
  torment　me；　principally　with　visions　of　varied　foods　and　with
  imagined　indulgence　in　the　foul　weed　called　tobacco。
  On　the　eighteenth　day　of　the　month　of　June；　in　the　sixth　year　of　my
  sojourn　on　the　island；　I　descried　a　sail。　　But　it　passed　far　to
  leeward　at　too　great　a　distance　to　discover　me。　　Rather　than
  suffering　disappointment；　the　very　appearance　of　this　sail　afforded
  me　the　liveliest　satisfaction。　　It　convinced　me　of　a　fact　that　I　had
  before　in　a　degree　doubted；　to　wit：　　that　these　seas　were　sometimes
  visited　by　navigators。
  Among　other　things；　where　the