第 11 节
作者:雨来不躲      更新:2021-10-16 18:43      字数:9322
  we ordinarily made use of on this terrible occasion … I mean we that
  went frequently abroad and up down street; as I did; much of this was
  talked of in the books and bills of our quack doctors; of whom I have
  said enough already。  It may; however; be added; that the College of
  Physicians were daily publishing several preparations; which they had
  considered of in the process of their practice; and which; being to be
  had in print; I avoid repeating them for that reason。
  One thing I could not help observing: what befell one of the quacks;
  who published that he had a most excellent preservative against the
  plague; which whoever kept about them should never be infected or
  liable to infection。  This man; who; we may reasonably suppose; did
  not go abroad without some of this excellent preservative in his
  pocket; yet was taken by the distemper; and carried off in two or three
  days。
  I am not of the number of the physic…haters or physic…despisers; on
  the contrary; I have often mentioned the regard I had to the dictates of
  my particular friend Dr Heath; but yet I must acknowledge I made use
  of little or nothing … except; as I have observed; to keep a preparation
  of strong scent to have ready; in case I met with anything of offensive
  smells or went too near any burying…place or dead body。
  Neither did I do what I know some did: keep the spirits always high
  and hot with cordials and wine and such things; and which; as I
  observed; one learned physician used himself so much to as that he
  could not leave them off when the infection was quite gone; and so
  became a sot for all his life after。
  I remember my friend the doctor used to say that there was a certain
  set of drugs and preparations which were all certainly good and useful
  in the case of an infection; out of which; or with which; physicians
  might make an infinite variety of medicines; as the ringers of bells
  make several hundred different rounds of music by the changing and
  order or sound but in six bells; and that all these preparations shall be
  really very good: 'Therefore;' said he; 'I do not wonder that so vast a
  throng of medicines is offered in the present calamity; and almost
  every physician prescribes or prepares a different thing; as his
  judgement or experience guides him; but'; says my friend; 'let all the
  prescriptions of all the physicians in London be examined; and it will
  be found that they are all compounded of the same things; with such
  variations only as the particular fancy of the doctor leads him to; so
  that'; says he; 'every man; judging a little of his own constitution and
  manner of his living; and circumstances of his being infected; may
  direct his own medicines out of the ordinary drugs and preparations。
  Only that'; says he; 'some recommend one thing as most sovereign;
  and some another。  Some'; says he; 'think that pill。 ruff。; which is
  called itself the anti…pestilential pill is the best preparation that can be
  made; others think that Venice treacle is sufficient of itself to resist
  the contagion; and I'; says he; 'think as both these think; viz。; that the
  last is good to take beforehand to prevent it; and the first; if touched;
  to expel it。' According to this opinion; I several times took Venice
  treacle; and a sound sweat upon it; and thought myself as well
  fortified against the infection as any one could be fortified by the
  power of physic。
  As for quackery and mountebanks; of which the town was so full; I
  listened to none of them; and have observed often since; with some
  wonder; that for two years after the plague I scarcely saw or heard of
  one of them about town。  Some fancied they were all swept away in
  the infection to a man; and were for calling it a particular mark of
  God's vengeance upon them for leading the poor people into the pit of
  destruction; merely for the lucre of a little money they got by them;
  but I cannot go that length neither。  That abundance of them died is
  certain … many of them came within the reach of my own knowledge …
  but that all of them were swept off I much question。  I believe rather
  they fled into the country and tried their practices upon the people
  there; who were in apprehension of the infection before it came
  among them。
  This; however; is certain; not a man of them appeared for a great
  while in or about London。  There were; indeed; several doctors who
  published bills recommending their several physical preparations for
  cleansing the body; as they call it; after the plague; and needful; as
  they said; for such people to take who had been visited and had been
  cured; whereas I must own I believe that it was the opinion of the
  most eminent physicians at that time that the plague was itself a
  sufficient purge; and that those who escaped the infection needed no
  physic to cleanse their bodies of any other things; the running sores;
  the tumours; &c。; which were broke and kept open by the directions of
  the physicians; having sufficiently cleansed them; and that all other
  distempers; and causes of distempers; were effectually carried off that
  way; and as the physicians gave this as their opinions wherever they
  came; the quacks got little business。
  There were; indeed; several little hurries which happened after the
  decrease of the plague; and which; whether they were contrived to
  fright and disorder the people; as some imagined; I cannot say; but
  sometimes we were told the plague would return by such a time; and
  the famous Solomon Eagle; the naked Quaker I have mentioned;
  prophesied evil tidings every day; and several others telling us that
  London had not been sufficiently scourged; and that sorer and severer
  strokes were yet behind。  Had they stopped there; or had they
  descended to particulars; and told us that the city should the next year
  be destroyed by fire; then; indeed; when we had seen it come to pass;
  we should not have been to blame to have paid more than a common
  respect to their prophetic spirits; at least we should have wondered at
  them; and have been more serious in our inquiries after the meaning
  of it; and whence they had the foreknowledge。  But as they generally
  told us of a relapse into the plague; we have had no concern since that
  about them; yet by those frequent clamours; we were all kept with
  some kind of apprehensions constantly upon us; and if any died
  suddenly; or if the spotted fevers at any time increased; we were
  presently alarmed; much more if the number of the plague increased;
  for to the end of the year there were always between 200 and 300 of
  the plague。  On any of these occasions; I say; we were alarmed anew。
  Those who remember the city of London before the fire must
  remember that there was then no such place as we now call Newgate
  Market; but that in the middle of the street which is now called Blow…
  bladder Street; and which had its name from the butchers; who used to
  kill and dress their sheep there (and who; it seems; had a custom to
  blow up their meat with pipes to make it look thicker and fatter than it
  was; and were punished there for it by the Lord Mayor); I say; from
  the end of the street towards Newgate there stood two long rows of
  shambles for the selling meat。
  It was in those shambles that two persons falling down dead; as they
  were buying meat; gave rise to a rumour that the meat was all
  infected; which; though it might affright the people; and spoiled the
  market for two or three days; yet it appeared plainly afterwards that
  there was nothing of truth in the suggestion。  But nobody can account
  for the possession of fear when it takes hold of the mind。
  However; it Pleased God; by the continuing of the winter weather;
  so to restore the health of the city that by February following we
  reckoned the distemper quite ceased; and then we were not so easily
  frighted again。
  There was still a question among the learned; and at first perplexed
  the people a little: and that was in what manner to purge the house and
  goods where the plague had been; and how to render them habitable
  again; which had been left empty during the time of the plague。
  Abundance… of perfumes and preparations were prescribed by
  physicians; some of one kind and some of another; in which the
  people who listened to them put themselves to a great; and indeed; in
  my opinion; to an unnecessary expense; and the poorer people; who
  only set open their windows night and day; burned brimstone; pitch;
  and gunpowder; and such things in their rooms; did as well as the
  best; nay; the eager people who; as I said above; came home in haste
  and at all hazards; found little or no inconvenience in their houses; nor
  in the goods; and did little or nothing to them。
  However; in general; prudent; cautious people did enter into some
  measures for airing and sweetening their houses; and burned
  perfumes; incense; benjamin; rozin; and sulphur in their rooms close
  shut up; and then let the air carry it all out with a blast of gunpowde