they　always　caused　the　bales　to　be　opened　and　aired　in　places
  appointed　for　that　purpose。　　But　from　London　they　would　not　suffer
  them　to　come　into　port；　much　less　to　unlade　their　goods；　upon　any
  terms　whatever；　and　this　strictness　was　especially　used　with　them　in
  Spain　and　Italy。　　In　Turkey　and　the　islands　of　the　Arches　indeed；　as
  they　are　called；　as　well　those　belonging　to　the　Turks　as　to　the
  Venetians；　they　were　not　so　very　rigid。　　In　the　first　there　was　no
  obstruction　at　all；　and　four　ships　which　were　then　in　the　river　loading
  for　Italy　…　that　is；　for　Leghorn　and　Naples　…　being　denied　product；　as
  they　call　it；　went　on　to　Turkey；　and　were　freely　admitted　to　unlade
  their　cargo　without　any　difficulty；　only　that　when　they　arrived　there；
  some　of　their　cargo　was　not　fit　for　sale　in　that　country；　and　other　parts
  of　it　being　consigned　to　merchants　at　Leghorn；　the　captains　of　the
  ships　had　no　right　nor　any　orders　to　dispose　of　the　goods；　so　that　great
  inconveniences　followed　to　the　merchants。　　But　this　was　nothing　but
  what　the　necessity　of　affairs　required；　and　the　merchants　at　Leghorn
  and　Naples　having　notice　given　them；　sent　again　from　thence　to　take
  care　of　the　effects　which　were　particularly　consigned　to　those　ports；
  and　to　bring　back　in　other　ships　such　as　were　improper　for　the　markets
  at　Smyrna　and　Scanderoon。
  The　inconveniences　in　Spain　and　Portugal　were　still　greater；　for　they
  would　by　no　means　suffer　our　ships；　especially　those　from　London；　to
  come　into　any　of　their　ports；　much　less　to　unlade。　　There　was　a　report
  that　one　of　our　ships　having　by　stealth　delivered　her　cargo；　among
  which　was　some　bales　of　English　cloth；　cotton；　kerseys；　and　such…like
  goods；　the　Spaniards　caused　all　the　goods　to　be　burned；　and　punished
  the　men　with　death　who　were　concerned　in　carrying　them　on　shore。
  This；　I　believe；　was　in　part　true；　though　I　do　not　affirm　it；　but　it　is　not
  at　all　unlikely；　seeing　the　danger　was　really　very　great；　the　infection
  being　so　violent　in　London。
  I　heard　likewise　that　the　plague　was　carried　into　those　countries　by
  some　of　our　ships；　and　particularly　to　the　port　of　Faro　in　the　kingdom
  of　Algarve；　belonging　to　the　King　of　Portugal；　and　that　several　persons
  died　of　it　there；　but　it　was　not　confirmed。
  On　the　other　hand；　though　the　Spaniards　and　Portuguese　were　so　shy
  of　us；　it　is　most　certain　that　the　plague　（as　has　been　said）　keeping　at
  first　much　at　that　end　of　the　town　next　Westminster；　the
  merchandising　part　of　the　town　（such　as　the　city　and　the　water…side）
  was　perfectly　sound　till　at　least　the　beginning　of　July；　and　the　ships　in
  the　river　till　the　beginning　of　August；　for　to　the　1st　of　July　there　had
  died　but　seven　within　the　whole　city；　and　but　sixty　within　the　liberties；
  but　one　in　all　the　parishes　of　Stepney；　Aldgate；　and　Whitechappel；　and
  but　two　in　the　eight　parishes　of　Southwark。　　But　it　was　the　same　thing
  abroad；　for　the　bad　news　was　gone　over　the　whole　world　that　the　city
  of　London　was　infected　with　the　plague；　and　there　was　no　inquiring
  there　how　the　infection　proceeded；　or　at　which　part　of　the　town　it　was
  begun　or　was　reached　to。
  Besides；　after　it　began　to　spread　it　increased　so　fast；　and　the　bills
  grew　so　high　all　on　a　sudden；　that　it　was　to　no　purpose　to　lessen　the
  report　of　it；　or　endeavour　to　make　the　people　abroad　think　it　better
  than　it　was；　the　account　which　the　weekly　bills　gave　in　was　sufficient；
  and　that　there　died　two　thousand　to　three　or…four　thousand　a　week　was
  sufficient　to　alarm　the　whole　trading　part　of　the　world；　and　the
  following　time；　being　so　dreadful　also　in　the　very　city　itself；　put　the
  whole　world；　I　say；　upon　their　guard　against　it。
  You　may　be　sure；　also；　that　the　report　of　these　things　lost　nothing　in
  the　carriage。　　The　plague　was　itself　very　terrible；　and　the　distress　of
  the　people　very　great；　as　you　may　observe　of　what　I　have　said。　　But　the
  rumour　was　infinitely　greater；　and　it　must　not　be　wondered　that　our
  friends　abroad　（as　my　brother's　correspondents　in　particular　were　told
  there；　namely；　in　Portugal　and　Italy；　where　he　chiefly　traded）　＇said＇
  that　in　London　there　died　twenty　thousand　in　a　week；　that　the　dead
  bodies　lay　unburied　by　heaps；　that　the　living　were　not　sufficient　to
  bury　the　dead　or　the　sound　to　look　after　the　sick；　that　all　the　kingdom
  was　infected　likewise；　so　that　it　was　an　universal　malady　such　as　was
  never　heard　of　in　those　parts　of　the　world；　and　they　could　hardly
  believe　us　when　we　gave　them　an　account　how　things　really　were；　and
  how　there　was　not　above　one…tenth　part　of　the　people　dead；　that　there
  was　500；000；　left　that　lived　all　the　time　in　the　town；　that　now　the
  people　began　to　walk　the　streets　again；　and　those　who　were　fled　to
  return；　there　was　no　miss　of　the　usual　throng　of　people　in　the　streets；
  except　as　every　family　might　miss　their　relations　and　neighbours；　and
  the　like。　　I　say　they　could　not　believe　these　things；　and　if　inquiry　were
  now　to　be　made　in　Naples；　or　in　other　cities　on　the　coast　of　Italy；　they
  would　tell　you　that　there　was　a　dreadful　infection　in　London　so　many　years　ago；
  in　which；　as　above；　there　died　twenty　thousand　in　a　week；　&c。；　just　as　we　have
  had　it　reported　in　London　that　there　was　a　plague　in　the　city　of　Naples
  in　the　year　1656；　in　which　there　died　20；000　people　in　a　day；　of　which
  I　have　had　very　good　satisfaction　that　it　was　utterly　false。
  But　these　extravagant　reports　were　very　prejudicial　to　our　trade；　as
  well　as　unjust　and　injurious　in　themselves；　for　it　was　a　long　time　after
  the　plague　was　quite　over　before　our　trade　could　recover　itself　in　those
  parts　of　the　world；　and　the　Flemings　and　Dutch　（but　especially　the
  last）　made　very　great　advantages　of　it；　having　all　the　market　to
  themselves；　and　even　buying　our　manufactures　in　several　parts　of
  England　where　the　plague　was　not；　and　carrying　them　to　Holland　and
  Flanders；　and　from　thence　transporting　them　to　Spain　and　to　Italy　as　if
  they　had　been　of　their　own　making。
  But　they　were　detected　sometimes　and　punished：　that　is　to　say；　their
  goods　confiscated　and　ships　also；　for　if　it　was　true　that　our
  manufactures　as　well　as　our　people　were　infected；　and　that　it　was
  dangerous　to　touch　or　to　open　and　receive　the　smell　of　them；　then
  those　people　ran　the　hazard　by　that　clandestine　trade　not　only　of
  carrying　the　contagion　into　their　own　country；　but　also　of　infecting　the
  nations　to　whom　they　traded　with　those　goods；　which；　considering
  how　many　lives　might　be　lost　in　consequence　of　such　an　action；　must
  be　a　trade　that　no　men　of　conscience　could　suffer　themselves　to　be
  concerned　in。
  I　do　not　take　upon　me　to　say　that　any　harm　was　done；　I　mean　of　that
  kind；　by　those　people。　　But　I　doubt　I　need　not　make　any　such　proviso
  in　the　case　of　our　own　country；　for　either　by　our　people　of　London；　or
  by　the　commerce　which　made　their　conversing　with　all　sorts　of　people
  in　every　country　and　of　every　considerable　town　necessary；　I　say；　by
  this　means　the　plague　was　first　or　last　spread　all　over　the　kingdom；　as
  well　in　London　as　in　all　the　cities　and　great　towns；　especially　in　the
  trading　manufacturing　towns　and　seaports；　so　that；　first　or　last；　all　the
  considerable　places　in　England　were　visited　more　or　less；　and　the
  kingdom　of　Ireland　in　some　places；　but　not　so　universally。　　How　it
  fared　with　the　people　in　Scotland　I　had　no　opportunity　to　inquire。
  It　is　to　be　observed　that　while　the　plague　continued　so　violent　in
  London；　the　outports；　as　they　are　called；　enjoyed　a　very　great　trade；
  especially　to　the　adjacent　countries　and　to　our　own　plantations。　　For
  example；　the　towns　of　Colchester；　Yarmouth；　and　Hun；　on　that　side　of
  England；　exported　to　Holland　and　Hamburg　the　manufactures　of　the
  adjacent　countries　for　several　months　after　the　trade　with　London　was；
  as　it　were；　entirely　shut　up；　likewise　the　cities　of　Bristol　and　Exeter；
  with　the　port　of　Plymouth；　had　the　like　advantage　to　Spain；　to　the
  Canaries；　to　Guinea；　and　to　the　West　Indies；　and　particularly　to
  Ireland；　but　as　the　plague　spread　itself　every　way　after　it　had　been　in
  London　to　such　a　degree　as　it　was　in　August　and　September；　so　all　or
  most　of　those　cities　and　towns　were　infected　first　or　last；　and　then
  trade　was；　as　it　were；　under　a　general　embargo　or　at　a　full　stop　…　as　I
  shall　observe　further　when　I　speak　of　our　home　trade。
  One　thing；　however；　must　be　observed：　that　as　to　ships　coming　in
  from　abroad　（as　many；　you　may　be　sure；　did）　some　who　were　out　in　all
  parts　of　the　world　a　considerable　while　before；　and　some　who　when
  they　went　out　knew　nothing　of　an　infection；　or　at　least　of　one　so
  terrible　…　these　came　up　the　river　boldly；　and　delivered　their　cargoes　as
  they　were　obliged　to　do；　except　just　in　the　two　months　of　August　and
  September；　when　the　weight　of　the　infection　lying；　as　I　may　say；　all
  below　Bridge；　nobody　durst　appear　in　business　for　a　while。　　But　as　this
  continued　but　for　a　few　weeks；　the　homeward…bound　ships；　especially
  such　wh