第 37 节
作者:一意孤行      更新:2021-10-16 18:41      字数:9321
  and obedient to the best traditions of his art。 Those who fail to fulfil these
  conditions   will   be   compelled   by   the   withdrawal   of   their   license   to   seek
  some less dubious mode of earning their living。 Such will be the ideal of
  the State Socialist。
  In   such   a   world   all   that   makes   life   tolerable   to   the   lover   of   beauty
  would perish。 Art springs from a wild and anarchic side of human nature;
  between   the   artist   and   the   bureaucrat   there   must   always   be   a   profound
  mutual      antagonism;       an   age…long      battle   in   which     the   artist;  always
  outwardly worsted; wins in the end through the gratitude of mankind for
  the joy that he puts into their lives。 If the wild side of human nature is to
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  be     permanently       subjected      to   the   orderly     rules    of   the    benevolent;
  uncomprehending bureaucrat; the joy of life will perish out of the earth;
  and     the  very    impulse     to  live   will   gradually     wither    and   die。   Better   a
  thousandfold        the  present     world    with   all  its  horrors    than    such   a   dead
  mummy   of   a   world。   Better   Anarchism;   with   all   its   risks;   than   a   State
  Socialism that subjects to rule what must be spontaneous and free if it is to
  have any value。 It is this nightmare that makes artists; and lovers of beauty
  generally;   so   often   suspicious   of   Socialism。   But   there   is   nothing   in   the
  essence      of   Socialism     to   make     art  impossible:      only    certain    forms    of
  Socialism   would   entail   this   danger。  William  Morris   was   a   Socialist;   and
  was a Socialist very largely because he was an artist。 And in this he was
  not irrational。
  It   is   impossible   for   art;   or   any   of   the   higher   creative   activities;   to
  flourish   under   any   system   which   requires   that   the   artist   shall   prove   his
  competence to some body of authorities before he is allowed to follow his
  impulse。 Any really great artist is almost sure to be thought incompetent
  by   those   among   his   seniors   who   would   be   generally   regarded   as   best
  qualified to form an opinion。 And the mere fact of having to produce work
  which      will   please    older   men     is  hostile    to  a  free   spirit   and    to  bold
  innovation。 Apart from this difficulty; selection by older men would lead
  to    jealousy      and    intrigue     and    back…biting;       producing      a    poisonous
  atmosphere   of   underground   competition。   The   only   effect   of   such   a   plan
  would   be   to   eliminate   the   few   who   now   slip        through   owing   to   some
  fortunate accident。 It is not by any system; but by freedom alone; that art
  can flourish。
  There   are   two   ways   by   which   the   artist   could   secure   freedom   under
  Socialism of the right kind。 He might undertake regular work outside his
  art; doing only a few hours' work a day and receiving proportionately less
  pay than those who do a full day's work。 He ought; in that case; to be at
  liberty to sell his pictures if he could find purchasers。 Such a system would
  have     many     advantages。      It  would     leave    absolutely     every    man    free   to
  become   an   artist;  provided   he   were   willing   to   suffer   a   certain   economic
  loss。   This   would   not   deter   those   in   whom   the   impulse   was   strong   and
  genuine; but would tend to exclude the dilettante。 Many  young artists at
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  present endure voluntarily much greater poverty than need be entailed by
  only     doing    half   the   usual    day's   work     in  a   well…organized       Socialist
  community; and some degree of hardship is not objectionable; as a test of
  the strength of the creative impulse; and as an offset to the peculiar joys of
  the creative life。
  The other possibility'58' would be that the necessaries of life should
  be   free;   as   Anarchists   desire;   to   all   equally;   regardless   of   whether   they
  work or   not。  Under   this   plan;   every   man   could   live  without   work:   there
  would      be   what    might    be   called   a   ‘‘vagabond's      wage;''   sufficient    for
  existence  but   not   for luxury。 The  artist   who   preferred to have   his   whole
  time     for  art   and   enjoyment      might     live   on   the   ‘‘vagabond's      wage''
  traveling   on   foot   when   the   humor   seized   him   to   see   foreign   countries;
  enjoying the air and the sun; as free as the birds; and perhaps scarcely less
  happy。   Such   men   would   bring   color   and   diversity   into   the   life   of   the
  community; their outlook would be different from that of steady; stay…at…
  home   workers;   and   would   keep   alive   a   much…needed   element   of   light…
  heartedness   which   our   sober;   serious   civilization          tends   to   kill。   If   they
  became very numerous; they  might be too great an economic burden on
  the workers; but I doubt if there are many with enough capacity for simple
  enjoyments        to   choose     poverty    and    free…   dom     in   preference     to   the
  comparatively light and pleasant work which will be usual in those days。
  '58' Which we discussed in Chapter IV。
  By either of these methods; freedom can be preserved for the artist in
  a   socialistic   commonwealth   far   more   complete   freedom;   and   far   more
  widespread; than any that now exists except for the possessors of capital。
  But   there   still   remain   some   not   altogether   easy   problems。   Take;   for
  example;   the   publishing   of   books。   There   will   not;   under   Socialism;   be
  private   publishers   as   at   present:   under   State   Socialism;   presumably   the
  State     will  be   the   sole   publisher;     while    under    Syndicalism       or   Guild
  Socialism the Federation du Livre will have the whole of the trade in its
  hands。 Under these circumstances; who is to decide what MSS。 are to be
  printed? It is clear that opportunities exist for an Index more rigorous than
  that   of   the  Inquisition。     If  the  State   were    the  sole   publisher;    it  would
  doubtless   refuse   books   opposed   to   State   Socialism。   If   the   Federation   du
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  Livre were the ultimate arbiter; what publicity could be obtained for works
  criticising it? And apart from such political difficulties we should have; as
  regards   literature;   that    very   censorship     by   eminent    officials   which    we
  agreed to regard as disastrous when we were considering the fine arts in
  general。 The difficulty is serious; and a way of meeting it must be found if
  literature is to remain free。
  Kropotkin; who believes that manual and intellectual work should be
  combined;        holds    that    authors     themselves      should     be    compositors;
  bookbinders; etc。 He even seems to suggest that the whole of the manual
  work involved in producing books should be done by authors。 It may be
  doubted   whether   there   are   enough   authors   in   the   world   for   this   to   be
  possible;  and   in   any  case  I  cannot but   think   that   it   would   be  a  waste   of
  time for them to leave the work they understand in order to do badly work
  which   others   could   do   far   better   and   more   quickly。 That;   however;   does
  not   touch   our   present   point;   which   is   the   question   how   the   MSS。   to   be
  printed will be selected。 In Kropotkin's plan there will presumably be an
  Author's   Guild;   with   a   Committee   of   Management;   if Anarchism   allows
  such   things。   This   Committee   of   Management   will   decide   which   of   the
  books   submitted   to      it   are   worthy   to   be   printed。   Among   these   will   be
  included those by the Committee and their friends; but not those by their
  enemies。 Authors of rejected MSS。 will hardly have the patience to spend
  their time setting up the works of successful rivals; and there will have to
  be an elaborate system of log…rolling if any books are to be printed at all。 It
  hardly looks as if this plan would conduce to harmony among literary men;
  or    would    lead   to  the   publication     of  any   book    of   an  unconventional
  tendency。 Kropotkin's own books; for example; would hardly have found
  favor。
  The     only   way    of  meeting     these