History　Of　The　Mackenzies
  by　Alexander　Mackenzie
  PREFACE
  THE　　ORIGINAL　　EDITION　of　this　work　appeared　in　1879；　fifteen　years　ago。　　It　was　well　received　by　the　press；　by　the　clan；　and　by　all　interested　in　　the　history　of　the　Highlands。　　The　best　proof　of　this　is　the　fact　that　the　　book　has　for　several　years　been　out　of　print；　occasional　second…hand　　copies　of　it　coming　into　the　market　selling　at　a　high　premium　on　the　　original　subscription　price。
  Personally；　however；　I　was　never　satisfied　with　it。　　It　was　my　first　　clan　history；　and　to　say　nothing　of　inevitable　defects　of　style　by　a　　comparatively　inexperienced　hand；　it　was　for　several　other　reasons　　necessarily　incomplete；　and　in　many　respects　not　what　I　should　wish　the　　history　of　my　own　clan　to　be。
  This　edition；　which　extends　to　close　upon　two　hundred　pages　　more　than　its　predecessor；　has　an　accurate　and　well…executed　plate　of　the　clan　tartan；　and　a　life…like　portrait　of　the　Author；　has　been　almost　entirely　　re…written；　contains　several　families　omitted　from　the　first；　has　all　been　　carefully　revised；　and　although　not　even　now　absolutely　perfect；　I　believe　　it　is　almost　as　near　being　so　as　it　is　possible　for　any　work　which　contains　　such　an　enormous　number　of　dates　and　other　details　as　this　one　to　be。　　The　mythical　Fitzgerald　origin　of　the　clan；　hitherto　accepted　by　　most　of　its　leading　members；　is　exhaustively　dealt　with；　I　venture　to　hope　effectively；　if　not　completely　and　finally　disposed　of。　　That　it　is　now　　established　beyond　any　reasonable　dispute　to　have　been　a　pure　invention　　of　the　seventeenth　century　may；　I　think；　be　safely　asserted；　while　it　is；　with　　almost　equal　conclusiveness；　shown　that　the　Mackenzies　are　descended　　from　a　native　Celtic　chief　of　the　same　stock　as　the　original　O'Beolan　Earls　　of　Ross；　as　set　forth　in　the　Table　printed　on　page　39。　　My　list　of　subscribers；　for　a　second　edition；　shows　in　the　most　　gratifying　form　that　the　work　is　still　in　active　demand；　and　I　am　sanguine　　enough　to　expect　that　as　soon　as　it　is　issued　to　the　public　the　remaining　copies　will　be　quickly　disposed　of。
  I　am　indebted　to　a　young　gentleman；　Mr　Evan　North　Burton…Mackenzie；　Younger　of　Kilcoy；　of　whom　I　venture　to　predict　more　will　be　　heard　in　this　particular　field；　for　valuable　genealogical　notes　about　his　own　and　other　Mackenzie　families；　while　for　the　copious　and　well…arranged　Index　at　the　end　of　the　volumea　new　feature　of　this　editionI　　have　again　to　acknowledge　the　services　of　my　eldest　son；　Hector　Rose　　Mackenzie；　solicitor；　Inverness。
  A。　M。　　　　　　　　　PARK　HOUSE；　INVERNESS；　　　　　　　　　March　1894
  THE　HISTORY　　OF　　THE　　MACKENZIES。
  ORIGIN。
  THE　　CLAN　　MACKENZIE　at　one　time　formed　one　of　the　most　powerful　families　in　the　Highlands。　　It　is　still　one　of　the　most　numerous　and　　influential；　and　justly　claims　a　very　ancient　descent。　　But　there　has　always　　been　a　difference　of　opinion　regarding　its　original　progenitor。　　It　has　long　　been　maintained　and　generally　accepted　that　the　Mackenzies　are　　descended　from　an　Irishman　named　Colin　or　Cailean　Fitzgerald；　who　is　　alleged　but　not　proved　to　have　been　descended　from　a　certain　Otho；　who　　accompanied　William　the　Conqueror　to　England；　fought　with　that　warrior　　at　the　battle　of　Hastings；　and　was　by　him　created　Baron　and　Castellan　of　　Windsor　for　his　services　on　that　occasion。
  THE　　REPUTED　　FITZGERALD　　DESCENT。
  According　to　the　supporters　of　the　Fitzgerald…Irish　origin　of　the　clan；　Otho　had　a　son　Fitz…Otho；　who　is　on　record　as　his　father's　successor　　as　Castellan　of　Windsor　in　1078。　　Fitz…Otho　is　said　to　have　had　three　sons。
  Gerald；　the　eldest；　under　the　name　of　Fitz…Walter；　is　said　to　have　married；　　in　1112；　Nesta；　daughter　of　a　Prince　of　South　Wales；　by　whom　he　also　had　　three　sons。　　Fitz…Walter's　eldest　son；　Maurice；　succeeded　his　father；　and　accompanied　Richard　Strongbow　to　Ireland　in　1170。　He　was　afterwards　　created　Baron　of　Wicklow　and　Naas　Offelim　of　the　territory　of　the　　Macleans　for　distinguished　services　rendered　in　the　subjugation　of　that　　country；　by　Henry　II。；　who　on　his　return　to　England　in　1172　left　Maurice　in　　the　joint　Government。
  Maurice　married　Alicia；　daughter　of　Arnulph　de　Montgomery；　　brother　of　Robert　Earl　of　Shrewsbury；　and　by　that　lady　had　four　sons。　　The　eldest　was　known　as　Gerald　Fitz…Maurice；　who　in　due　course　succeeded　his　father；　and　was　created　Lord　Offaly。　　Having　married　Catherine；　daughter　of　Hamo　de　Valois；　Lord　Chief　Justice　of　Ireland；　he　had　a　son；　　named　Maurice　after　his　grandfather。　　This　Maurice　died　in　1257；　leaving　　two　sons；　Thomas　and　Gerald。　　Thomas；　generally　called　〃Tomas　Mor；〃　or　　Great　Thomas；　on　account　of　his　great　valour　and　signal　services　in　the　　battlefield；　succeeded　his　father　as　Lord　Offaly。　　He　married　the　only　　daughter　of　Thomas　Carron。　　This　lady　brought　him　the　Seigniory　of　　Desmond　as　a　dowry。　　By　her　Thomas　Lord　Offaly　had　an　only　son；　John；　　who；　according　to　Colin　Fitzgerald's　supporters；　was　first　Earl　of　Kildare　　and　married　first；　Marjory；　daughter　of　Sir　Thomas　Fitz…Antony；　by　whom　　he　had　issueMaurice；　progenitor　of　the　Dukes　of　Leinster。　　John　married；　secondly；　Honora；　daughter　of　Hugh　O'Connor；　by　whom　he　had　six　sons；　　the　eldest　of　whom；　according　to　the　Irish…origin　theory；　was　Colin　Fitz…Geraldbut　who；　if　the　Fitzgerald　theory　had　not　been　a　pure　invention；　really　ought　to　have　been　called　Colin　Fitz…John；　or　son　of　Johnthe　　reputed　ancestor　of　the　Mackenzies。
  This；　briefly　stated；　is　the　genealogy　of　the　Fitzgeralds　as　given　by　　the　supporters　of　the　Irish　origin　of　the　Mackenzies；　and　it　may　be　right　or　　wrong　for　all　we　need　care　in　discussing　the　origin　of　the　Mackenzies。　　Its　　accuracy　will；　however；　be　proved　impossible。
  According　to　the　true　genealogy；　Thomas；　who　was　the　third　son　of　Maurice；　married　Rohesia；　heiress　of　Woodstock；　near　Athy；　and　daughter　　of　Richard　de　St。　Michael；　Lord　of　Rheban。　By　this　lady　he　had　an　only　　son；　John；　who　succeeded　as　6th　Baron　Offaly；　and　was　in　1316　created　　1st　Earl　of　Kildare。　　John　married　Blanche；　daughter　of　John　Roche；　Baron　of　Fermoy；　not　the　two　ladies　given　him　in　the　Fitzgerald…Mackenzie　　genealogy。
  The　real　authentic　genealogy　of　the　Fitzgeralds；　from　whom　the　Dukes　of　Leinster　and　other　Fitzgerald　families　are　descended；　is　as　　follows：The　first；　I。　　OTHO；　known　as　〃Dominus　Otho；〃　belonged　undoubtedly　to　　the　Gherardini　family　of　Florence。　　He　passed　into　Normandy；　and　in　1057　　crossed　into　England；　became　a　favourite　with　Edward　the　Confessor；　and　　obtained　extensive　estates　from　that　monarch。　He　had　a　son　II。　　WALTER　　FITZ　　OTHO；　or　son　of　Otho。　　He　is　mentioned　in　　Domesday　Book　in　1078　as　being　then　in　possession　of　his　father's　　estates。　　He　was　Castellan　of　Windsor　and　Warden　of　the　Forests　in　　Berkshire。　　He　married　Gladys；　daughter　of　Rhiwallon　ap　Cynfyn；　Prince　　of　North　Wales；　and　had　three　sons；　the　eldest　being　III。　　GERALD　　FITZ　　WALTER；　or　son　of　Walter；　who　was　　appointed　by　Henry　I。　to　the　Constableship　of　Pembroke　Castle　and　other　　important　offices。　　He　married　Nesta；　daughter　of　Rhys　ap　Gruffyd；　ap　　Tudor　Mawr；　Prince　of　South　Wales；　and　had　issue　by　her；　three　sons；　the　　eldest　of　whom　was　IV。　　MAURICE　　FITZ　GERALD；　or　son　of　Gerald。　This；　it　will　be　　noticed；　was　the　first　Fitzgerald　of　which　we　have　any　record；　and　he　was　the　progenitor　of　the　Irish　Fitzgeralds。　　He　accompanied　Richard　de　Clare；　　Earl　of　Pembroke；　popularly　known　as　〃Strongbow；〃　to　Ireland；　and　there　highly　distinguished　himself；　having；　among　other　acts　of　renown；　captured　the　city　of　Dublin。　　He　died　at　Wexford　in　1177。　　He　married　Alice　or　Alicia；　daughter　of　Arnulph　de　Montgomery；　fourth　son　of　Roger　　de　Montgomery；　who　led　the　centre　of　the　Norman　army　at　the　battle　of　　Hastings；　and　by　her　had　issuefive　sons；　the　eldest　of　whom　was　　William；　Baron　of　Naas；　not　Gerald　as　claimed　by　the　supporters　of　the　　Colin　Fitzgerald　theory。
  Thus　far　the　two　genealogies　may　be　said　to　agree；　except　in　a　few　of　the　marriages。
  V。　　GERALD　　FITZ　　MAURICE；　the　second　son；　in　1205　became　　first　Baron　Offaly。　　The　third　son；　Thomas；　was　progenitor　of　the　original　Earls　of　Desmond；　who　have　long　been　extinct　in　the　male　line；　the　present　Earldom；　which　is　the　Irish　title　of　the　Earl　of　Denbigh；　having　　been　created　in　1622。　　Gerald　Fitz　Maurice　married　Katherine；　daughter　of　Hamo　de　Valois；　who　was　Lord　Chief　Justice　of　Ireland　in　1197；　and　by　　her　had　a　son；　VI。　　MAURICE　　FITZ　　GERALD；　second　Baron　Offaly；　one　of　the　　Lord　Justices　of　Ireland。　Maurice　died　in　1257；　having　married　Juliana；　　daughter　of　John　de　Cogan；　who　was　Lord　Justice　of　Ireland　in　1247；　and　　by　her　had　three　sons；　Maurice；　Gerald；　and　Thomas。　　Maurice　Fitzgerald　　has　no　wife　given　him　in　the　Colin　Fitzgerald　genealogy。　　Thomas；　the　　youngest　son；　had　a　son　John；　who　ultimately；　on　the　death　of　Maurice；　　fifth　Baron　Offaly；　without　issue；　succeeded　as　sixth　Baron；　and　was；　on　the　14th　May；　1316；　created　the　first　Earl　of　Kildare。　　Maurice　Fitz　Gerald　　was　succeeded　by　his　eldest　son；　VII。　　MAURICE　　FITZ　MAURICE；　as　third　Baron　Offaly。　　He　　married　Emelina；　daughter　of　Sir　Stephen　de　Longespee；　a　rich　heiress；　　and　by　her　had　a　son　and　two　daughters。　He　w