emotion　that　is　now　amongst　us　might　discharge　itself　in　some
  neighbouring　war；　for　fear　lest　all　the　peccant　humours　that　now　reign　in
  this　politic　body　of　ours　may　diffuse　themselves　farther；　keep　the　fever
  still　in　the　height；　and　at　last　cause　our　total　ruin；　and；　in　truth；　a
  foreign　is　much　more　supportable　than　a　civil　war。　　but　I　do　not　believe
  that　God　will　favour　so　unjust　a　design　as　to　offend　and　quarrel　with
  others　for　our　own　advantage：
  〃Nil　mihi　tam　valde　placeat；　Rhamnusia　virgo；
  Quod　temere　invitis　suscipiatur　heris。〃
  ＇〃Rhamnusian　virgin；　let　nothing　ever　so　greatly　please　me　which　is
  taken　without　justice　from　the　unwilling　owners〃
  Catullus；　lxviii。　77。＇
  And　yet　the　weakness　of　our　condition　often　pushes　us　upon　the　necessity
  of　making　use　of　ill　means　to　a　good　end。　　Lycurgus；　the　most　perfect
  legislator　that　ever　was；　virtuous　and　invented　this　very　unjust　practice
  of　making　the　helots；　who　were　their　slaves；　drunk　by　force；　to　the　end
  that　the　Spartans；　seeing　them　so　lost　and　buried　in　wine；　might　abhor
  the　excess　of　this　vice。　　And　yet　those　were　still　more　to　blame　who　of
  old　gave　leave　that　criminals；　to　what　sort　of　death　soever　condemned；
  should　be　cut　up　alive　by　the　physicians；　that　they　might　make　a　true
  discovery　of　our　inward　parts；　and　build　their　art　upon　greater
  certainty；　for；　if　we　must　run　into　excesses；　it　is　more　excusable　to　do
  it　for　the　health　of　the　soul　than　that　of　the　body；　as　the　Romans
  trained　up　the　people　to　valour　and　the　contempt　of　dangers　and　death　by
  those　furious　spectacles　of　gladiators　and　fencers；　who；　having　to　fight
  it　out　to　the　last；　cut；　mangled；　and　killed　one　another　in　their
  presence：
  〃Quid　vesani　aliud　sibi　vult　ars　impia　ludi；
  Quid　mortes　juvenum；　quid　sanguine　pasta　voluptas？〃
  ＇〃What　other　end　does　the　impious　art　of　the　gladiators　propose　to
  itself；　what　the　slaughter　of　young　men；　what　pleasure　fed　with
  blood。〃Prudentius；　Contra　Symmachum；　ii。　643。＇
  and　this　custom　continued　till　the　Emperor　Theodosius'　time：
  〃Arripe　dilatam　tua；　dux；　in　tempora　famam；
  Quodque　patris　superest；　successor　laudis　habeto
  Nullus　in　urbe　cadat；　cujus　sit　poena　voluptas。。。。
  Jam　solis　contenta　feris；　infamis　arena
  Nulla　cruentatis　homicidia　ludat　in　armis。〃
  ＇〃Prince；　take　the　honours　delayed　for　thy　reign；　and　be　successor
  to　thy　fathers；　henceforth　let　none　at　Rome　be　slain　for　sport。　　Let
  beasts'　blood　stain　the　infamous　arena；　and　no　more　homicides　be
  there　acted。〃Prudentius；　Contra　Symmachum；　ii。　643。＇
  It　was；　in　truth；　a　wonderful　example；　and　of　great　advantage　for　the
  training　up　the　people；　to　see　every　day　before　their　eyes　a　hundred；　two
  hundred；　nay；　a　thousand　couples　of　men　armed　against　one　another；　cut
  one　another　to　pieces　with　so　great　a　constancy　of　courage；　that　they
  were　never　heard　to　utter　so　much　as　one　syllable　of　weakness　or
  commiseration；　never　seen　to　turn　their　backs；　nor　so　much　as　to　make　one
  cowardly　step　to　evade　a　blow；　but　rather　exposed　their　necks　to　the
  adversary's　sword　and　presented　themselves　to　receive　the　stroke；　and
  many　of　them；　when　wounded　to　death；　have　sent　to　ask　the　spectators　if
  they　were　satisfied　with　their　behaviour；　before　they　lay　down　to　die
  upon　the　place。　　It　was　not　enough　for　them　to　fight　and　to　die　bravely；
  but　cheerfully　too；　insomuch　that　they　were　hissed　and　cursed　if　they
  made　any　hesitation　about　receiving　their　death。　　The　very　girls
  themselves　set　them　on：
  〃Consurgit　ad　ictus；
  Et；　quoties　victor　ferrum　jugulo　inserit；　illa
  Delicias　ait　esse　suas；　pectusque　jacentis
  Virgo　modesta　jubet　converso　pollice　rumpi。〃
  ＇〃The　modest　virgin　is　so　delighted　with　the　sport；　that　she
  applauds　the　blow；　and　when　the　victor　bathes　his　sword　in　his
  fellow's　throat；　she　says　it　is　her　pleasure；　and　with　turned　thumb
  orders　him　to　rip　up　the　bosom　of　the　prostrate　victim。〃
  Prudentius；　Contra　Symmachum；　ii。　617。＇
  The　first　Romans　only　condemned　criminals　to　this　example：　but　they
  afterwards　employed　innocent　slaves　in　the　work；　and　even　freemen　too；
  who　sold　themselves　to　this　purpose；　nay；　moreover；　senators　and　knights
  of　Rome；　and　also　women：
  〃Nunc　caput　in　mortem　vendunt；　et　funus　arena；
  Atque　hostem　sibi　quisque　parat；　cum　bella　quiescunt。〃
  ＇〃They　sell　themselves　to　death　and　the　circus；　and；　since　the　wars
  are　ceased；　each　for　himself　a　foe　prepares。〃
  Manilius；　Astron。；　iv。　225。＇
  〃Hos　inter　fremitus　novosque　lusus。。。。
  Stat　sexus　rudis　insciusque　ferri；
  Et　pugnas　capit　improbus　viriles；〃
  ＇〃Amidst　these　tumults　and　new　sports；　the　tender　sex；　unskilled　in
  arms；　immodestly　engaged　in　manly　fights。〃
  Statius；　Sylv。；　i。　6；　51。＇
  which　I　should　think　strange　and　incredible；　if　we　were　not　accustomed
  every　day　to　see　in　our　own　wars　many　thousands　of　men　of　other　nations；
  for　money　to　stake　their　blood　and　their　lives　in　quarrels　wherein　they
  have　no　manner　of　concern。
  CHAPTER　XXIV
  OF　THE　ROMAN　GRANDEUR
  I　will　only　say　a　word　or　two　of　this　infinite　argument；　to　show　the
  simplicity　of　those　who　compare　the　pitiful　greatness　of　these　times　with
  that　of　Rome。　　In　the　seventh　book　of　Cicero's　Familiar　Epistles　（and　let
  the　grammarians　put　out　that　surname　of　familiar　if　they　please；　for　in
  truth　it　is　not　very　suitable；　and　they　who；　instead　of　familiar；　have
  substituted　〃ad　Familiares；〃　may　gather　something　to　justify　them　for　so
  doing　out　of　what　Suetonius　says　in　the　Life　of　Caesar；　that　there　was　a
  volume　of　letters　of　his　〃ad　Familiares　〃）　there　is　one　directed　to
  Caesar；　then　in　Gaul；　wherein　Cicero　repeats　these　words；　which　were　in
  the　end　of　another　letter　that　Caesar　had　written　to　him：　〃As　to　what
  concerns　Marcus　Furius；　whom　you　have　recommended　to　me；　I　will　make　him
  king　of　Gaul；　and　if　you　would　have　me　advance　any　other　friend　of　yours
  send　him　to　me。〃　　It　was　no　new　thing　for　a　simple　citizen　of　Rome；　as
  Caesar　then　was；　to　dispose　of　kingdoms；　for　he　took　away　that　of　King
  Deiotarus　from　him　to　give　it　to　a　gentleman　of　the　city　of　Pergamus；
  called　Mithridates；　and　they　who　wrote　his　Life　record　several　cities
  sold　by　him；　and　Suetonius　says；　that　he　had　once　from　King　Ptolemy　three
  millions　and　six　hundred　thousand　crowns；　which　was　very　like　selling　him
  his　own　kingdom：
  〃Tot　Galatae；　tot　Pontus；　tot　Lydia；　nummis。〃
  ＇〃So　much　for　Galatia；　so　much　for　Pontus；
  so　much　for　Lydia。〃Claudius　in　Eutrop。；　i。　203。＇
  Marcus　Antonius　said；　that　the　greatness　of　the　people　of　Rome　was　not
  so　much　seen　in　what　they　took；　as　in　what　they　gave；　and；　indeed；　some
  ages　before　Antonius；　they　had　dethroned　one　amongst　the　rest　with　so
  wonderful　authority；　that　in　all　the　Roman　history　I　have　not　observed
  anything　that　more　denotes　the　height　of　their　power。　　Antiochus
  possessed　all　Egypt；　and　was；　moreover；　ready　to　conquer　Cyprus　and　other
  appendages　of　that　empire：　when　being　upon　the　progress　of　his　victories；
  C。　Popilius　came　to　him　from　the　Senate；　and　at　their　first　meeting
  refused　to　take　him　by　the　hand；　till　he　had　first　read　his　letters；
  which　after　the　king　had　read；　and　told　him　he　would　consider　of　them；
  Popilius　made　a　circle　about　him　with　his　cane；　saying：〃Return　me　an
  answer；　that　I　may　carry　it　back　to　the　Senate；　before　thou　stirrest　out
  of　this　circle。〃　　　Antiochus；　astonished　at　the　roughness　of　so　positive
  a　command；　after　a　little　pause；　replied；　〃I　will　obey　the　Senate's
  command。〃　　Then　Popilius　saluted　him　as　friend　of　the　Roman　people。
  To　have　renounced　claim　to　so　great　a　monarchy；　and　a　course　of　such
  successful　fortune；　from　the　effects　of　three　lines　in　writing！　　Truly
  he　had　reason；　as　he　afterwards　did；　to　send　the　Senate　word　by　his
  ambassadors；　that　he　had　received　their　order　with　the　same　respect　as　if
  it　had　come　from　the　immortal　gods。
  All　the　kingdoms　that　Augustus　gained　by　the　right　of　war；　he　either
  restored　to　those　who　had　lost　them　or　presented　them　to　strangers。　　And
  Tacitus；　in　reference　to　this；　speaking　of　Cogidunus；　king　of　England；
  gives　us；　by　a　marvellous　touch；　an　instance　of　that　infinite　power：　the
  Romans；　says　he；　were　from　all　antiquity　accustomed　to　leave　the　kings
  they　had　subdued　in　possession　of　their　kingdoms　under　their　authority
  〃Ut　haberent　instruments　servitutis　et　reges。〃
  ＇〃That　they　might　have　even　kings　to　be　their　slaves。〃
  Livy；　xlv。　13。＇
  'Tis　probable　that　Solyman；　whom　we　have　seen　make　a　gift　of　Hungary　and
  other　principalities；　had　therein　more　respect　to　this　consideration　than
  to　that　he　was　wont　to　allege；　viz。；　that　he　was　glutted　and　overcharged
  with　so　many　monarchies　and　so　much　dominion；　as　his　own　valour　and　that
  of　his　ancestors　had　acquired。
  CHAPTER　XXV
  NOT　TO　COUNTERFEIT　BEING　SICK
  There　is　an　epigram　in　Martial；　and　one　of　the　very　good　onesfor　he　has
  of　all　sortswhere　he　pleasantly