remaining　so…called　genera；　we　have　shown　that　they　are　reducible　to　those　which　we　have　posited。　　　　　With　regard　to　the　relative；　we　have　maintained　that　Relation　belongs　to　one　object　as　compared　with　another；　that　the　two　objects　coexist　simultaneously；　and　that　Relation　is　found　wherever　a　substance　is　in　such　a　condition　as　to　produce　it；　not　that　the　substance　is　a　relative；　except　in　so　far　as　it　constitutes　part　of　a　whole…　a　hand；　for　example；　or　head　or　cause　or　principle　or　element。　　　　　We　may　also　adopt　the　ancient　division　of　relatives　into　creative　principles；　measures；　excesses　and　deficiencies；　and　those　which　in　general　separate　objects　on　the　basis　of　similarities　and　differences。　　　　　Our　investigation　into　the　kinds　of　Being　is　now　complete。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　FOURTH　TRACTATE。
  ON　THE　INTEGRAL　OMNIPRESENCE　OF　THE　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　AUTHENTIC　EXISTENT　（1）。
  1。　How　are　we　to　explain　the　omnipresence　of　the　soul？　Does　it　depend　upon　the　definite　magnitude　of　the　material　universe　coupled　with　some　native　tendency　in　soul　to　distribute　itself　over　material　mass；　or　is　it　a　characteristic　of　soul　apart　from　body？　　　　　In　the　latter　case；　soul　will　not　appear　just　where　body　may　bring　it；　body　will　meet　soul　awaiting　it　everywhere；　wheresoever　body　finds　place；　there　soul　lay　before　ever　body　was；　the　entire　material　mass　of　the　universe　has　been　set　into　an　existent　soul。　　　　　But　if　soul　spread　thus　wide　before　material　extension　existed；　then　as　covering　all　space　it　would　seem　to　be　of　itself　a　thing　of　magnitude；　and　in　what　mode　could　it　exist　in　the　All　before　the　All　was　in　being；　before　there　was　any　All？　And　who　can　accept　a　soul　described　as　partless　and　massless　and　yet；　for　all　that　absence　of　extension；　extending　over　a　universe？　We　may　perhaps　be　told　that；　though　extended　over　the　corporeal；　it　does　not　itself　become　so：　but　thus　to　give　it　magnitude　as　an　accidental　attribute　leaves　the　problem　still　unsolved：　precisely　the　same　question　must　in　all　reason　arise：　How　can　the　soul　take　magnitude　even　in　the　move　of　accident？　　　　　We　cannot　think　of　soul　being　diffused　as　a　quality　is；　say　sweetness　or　colour；　for　while　these　are　actual　states　of　the　masses　affected　so　that　they　show　that　quality　at　every　point；　none　of　them　has　an　independent　existence；　they　are　attributes　of　body　and　known　only　as　in　body；　such　quality　is　necessarily　of　a　definite　extension。　Further；　the　colour　at　any　point　is　independent　of　that　at　any　other；　no　doubt　the　Form；　White；　is　the　same　all　over；　but　there　is　not　arithmetical　identity；　in　soul　there　is；　it　is　one　soul　in　foot　and　in　hand；　as　the　facts　of　perception　show。　And　yet　in　the　case　of　qualities　the　one　is　observably　distributed　part　for　part；　in　the　soul　the　identity　is　undistributed；　what　we　sometimes　call　distribution　is　simply　omnipresence。　　　　　Obviously；　we　must　take　hold　of　the　question　from　the　very　beginning　in　the　hope　of　finding　some　clear　and　convincing　theory　as　to　how　soul；　immaterial　and　without　magnitude；　can　be　thus　broad…spread；　whether　before　material　masses　exist　or　as　enveloping　them。　Of　course；　should　it　appear　that　this　omnipresence　may　occur　apart　from　material　things；　there　is　no　difficulty　in　accepting　its　occurrence　within　the　material。　　　　　2。　Side　by　side　exist　the　Authentic　All　and　its　counterpart；　the　visible　universe。　The　Authentic　is　contained　in　nothing；　since　nothing　existed　before　it；　of　necessity　anything　coming　after　it　must；　as　a　first　condition　of　existence；　be　contained　by　this　All；　especially　since　it　depends　upon　the　Authentic　and　without　that　could　have　neither　stability　nor　movement。　　　　　We　may　be　reminded　that　the　universe　cannot　be　contained　in　the　Authentic　as　in　a　place；　where　place　would　mean　the　boundaries　of　some　surrounding　extension　considered　as　an　envelope；　or　some　space　formerly　a　part　of　the　Void　and　still　remaining　unoccupied　even　after　the　emergence　of　the　universe；　that　it　can　only　support　itself；　as　it　were；　upon　the　Authentic　and　rest　in　the　embrace　of　its　omnipresence；　but　this　objection　is　merely　verbal　and　will　disappear　if　our　meaning　is　grasped；　we　mention　it　for　another　purpose；　it　goes　to　enforce　our　real　assertion　that　the　Authentic　All；　at　once　primal　and　veritable；　needs　no　place　and　is　in　no　way　contained。　The　All；　as　being　an　integral；　cannot　fall　short　of　itself；　it　must　ever　have　fulfilled　its　own　totality；　ever　reached　to　its　own　equivalence；　as　far　as　the　sum　of　entities　extends；　there　this　is；　for　this　is　the　All。　　　　　Inevitably；　also；　anything　other　than　this　All　that　may　be　stationed　therein　must　have　part　in　the　All；　merge　into　it；　and　hold　by　its　strength；　it　is　not　that　the　thing　detaches　a　portion　of　the　All　but　that　within　itself　it　finds　the　All　which　has　entered　into　it　while　still　unbrokenly　self…abiding；　since　Being　cannot　lodge　in　non…Being；　but；　if　anything；　non…Being　within　Being。　　　　　Being；　then；　is　present　to　all　Being；　an　identity　cannot　tear　itself　asunder；　the　omnipresence　asserted　of　it　must　be　presence　within　the　realm　of　Being；　that　is；　it　must　be　a　self…presence。　And　it　is　in　no　way　strange　that　the　omnipresence　should　be　at　once　self…abiding　and　universal；　this　is　merely　saying　omnipresence　within　a　unity。　　　　　It　is　our　way　to　limit　Being　to　the　sense…known　and　therefore　to　think　of　omnipresence　in　terms　of　the　concrete；　in　our　overestimate　of　the　sensible；　we　question　how　that　other　Nature　can　reach　over　such　vastness；　but　our　great　is　small；　and　this；　small　to　us；　is　great；　it　reaches　integrally　to　every　point　of　our　universe…　or；　better；　our　universe；　moving　from　every　side　and　in　all　its　members　towards　this；　meets　it　everywhere　as　the　omnipresent　All　ever　stretching　beyond。　　　　　The　universe　in　all　its　reach　can　attain　nothing　further…　that　would　mean　overpassing　the　total　of　Being…　and　therefore　is　content　to　circle　about　it；　not　able　to　encompass　or　even　to　fill　the　All；　it　is　content　to　accept　place　and　subordination；　for　thus　it　preserves　itself　in　neighbouring　the　higher　present　to　it…　present　and　yet　absent；　self…holding；　whatever　may　seek　its　presence。　　　　　Wherever　the　body　of　the　universe　may　touch；　there　it　finds　this　All；　it　strives　for　no　further　advance；　willing　to　revolve　in　that　one　circle；　since　to　it　that　is　the　All　and　in　that　movement　its　every　part　embraces　the　All。　　　　　If　that　higher　were　itself　in　place　there　would　be　the　need　of　seeking　that　precise　place　by　a　certain　right　path；　part　of　seeker　must　touch　part　of　sought；　and　there　would　be　far　and　near。　But　since　there　is　no　far　and　near　there　must　be；　if　presence　at　all；　presence　entire。　And　presence　there　indubitably　is；　this　highest　is　present　to　every　being　of　those　that；　free　of　far　and　near；　are　of　power　to　receive。　　　　　3。　But　are　we　to　think　of　this　Authentic　Being　as；　itself；　present；　or　does　it　remain　detached；　omnipresent　in　the　sense　only　that　powers　from　it　enter　everywhere？　　　　　Under　the　theory　of　presence　by　powers；　souls　are　described　as　rays；　the　source　remains　self…locked　and　these　are　flung　forth　to　impinge　upon　particular　living　things。　　　　　Now；　in　beings　whose　unity　does　not　reproduce　the　entire　nature　of　that　principle；　any　presence　is　presence　of　an　emanant　power：　even　this；　however；　does　not　mean　that　the　principle　is　less　than　integrally　present；　it　is　not　sundered　from　the　power　which　it　has　uttered；　all　is　offered；　but　the　recipient　is　able　to　take　only　so　much。　But　in　Beings　in　which　the　plenitude　of　these　powers　is　manifested；　there　clearly　the　Authentic　itself　is　present；　though　still　as　remaining　distinct；　it　is　distinct　in　that；　becoming　the　informing　principle　of　some　definite　thing；　it　would　abdicate　from　its　standing　as　the　total　and　from　its　uttermost　self…abiding　and　would　belong；　in　some　mode　of　accident；　to　another　thing　as　well。　Still　it　is　not　the　property　of　what　may　seek　to　join　with　it；　it　chooses　where　it　will　and　enters　as　the　participant's　power　may　allow；　but　it　does　not　become　a　chattel；　it　remains　the　quested　and　so　in　another　sense　never　passes　over。　There　is　nothing　disquieting　in　omnipresence　after　this　mode　where　there　is　no　appropriation：　in　the　same　accidental　way；　we　may　reasonably　put　it；　soul　concurs　with　body；　but　it　is　soul　self…holding；　not　inbound　with　Matter；　free　even　of　the　body　which　it　has　illuminated　through　and　through。　　　　　Nor　does　the　placelessness　of　Being　make　it　surprising　that　it　be　present　universally　to　things　of　place；　on　the　contrary；　the　wonder　would　be…　the　more　than　wonder；　the　impossibility…　if　from　a　place　of　its　own　it　were　present　to　other　things　in　their　place；　or　if　having　place　it　were　present　at　all…　and；　especially　present；　as　we　assert；　integrally。　　　　　But　set　it　outside　of　place；　and　reason　tells　us　that　it　will　be　present　entire　where　it　is　present　at　all　and　that；　present　to　the　total；　it　must　be　present　in　the　same　completeness　to　every　several　unity；　otherwise　something　of　it　is　here　and　something　there；　and　at　once　it　is　fragmentary；　it　is　body。　　　　　How　can　we　so　dispart　Being？　We　cannot　break　Life　into　parts；　if　the　total　was　Life；　the　fragment　is　not。　But　we　do　not　thus　sunder　Intelligence；　one　intelligence　in　this　man；　another　in　that？　No；　such　a　fragment　would　not　be　In