s　can　befall　a　soul　which　has　never　deeply　penetrated　into　the　body；　is　not　a　slave　but　a　sovereign　ruling　a　body　of　such　an　order　as　to　have　no　need　and　no　shortcoming　and　therefore　to　give　ground　for　neither　desire　nor　fear。　　　　　There　is　no　reason　why　it　should　be　expectant　of　evil　with　regard　to　such　a　body　nor　is　there　any　such　preoccupied　concern；　bringing　about　a　veritable　descent；　as　to　withdraw　it　from　its　noblest　and　most　blessed　vision；　it　remains　always　intent　upon　the　Supreme；　and　its　governance　of　this　universe　is　effected　by　a　power　not　calling　upon　act。　　　　　3。　The　Human　Soul；　next；　　　　　Everywhere　we　hear　of　it　as　in　bitter　and　miserable　durance　in　body；　a　victim　to　troubles　and　desires　and　fears　and　all　forms　of　evil；　the　body　its　prison　or　its　tomb；　the　kosmos　its　cave　or　cavern。　　　　　Now　this　does　not　clash　with　the　first　theory　＇that　of　the　impassivity　of　soul　as　in　the　All＇；　for　the　descent　of　the　human　Soul　has　not　been　due　to　the　same　causes　＇as　that　of　the　All…Soul。＇　　　　　All　that　is　Intellectual…Principle　has　its　being…　whole　and　all…　in　the　place　of　Intellection；　what　we　call　the　Intellectual　Kosmos：　but　there　exist；　too；　the　intellective　powers　included　in　its　being；　and　the　separate　intelligences…　for　the　Intellectual…Principle　is　not　merely　one；　it　is　one　and　many。　In　the　same　way　there　must　be　both　many　souls　and　one；　the　one　being　the　source　of　the　differing　many　just　as　from　one　genus　there　rise　various　species；　better　and　worse；　some　of　the　more　intellectual　order；　others　less　effectively　so。　　　　　In　the　Intellectual…Principle　a　distinction　is　to　be　made：　there　is　the　Intellectual…Principle　itself；　which　like　some　huge　living　organism　contains　potentially　all　the　other　forms；　and　there　are　the　forms　thus　potentially　included　now　realized　as　individuals。　We　may　think　of　it　as　a　city　which　itself　has　soul　and　life；　and　includes；　also；　other　forms　of　life；　the　living　city　is　the　more　perfect　and　powerful；　but　those　lesser　forms；　in　spite　of　all；　share　in　the　one　same　living　quality：　or；　another　illustration；　from　fire；　the　universal；　proceed　both　the　great　fire　and　the　minor　fires；　yet　all　have　the　one　common　essence；　that　of　fire　the　universal；　or；　more　exactly；　participate　in　that　from　which　the　essence　of　the　universal　fire　proceeds。　　　　　No　doubt　the　task　of　the　soul；　in　its　more　emphatically　reasoning　phase；　is　intellection：　but　it　must　have　another　as　well；　or　it　would　be　undistinguishable　from　the　Intellectual…Principle。　To　its　quality　of　being　intellective　it　adds　the　quality　by　which　it　attains　its　particular　manner　of　being：　remaining；　therefore；　an　Intellectual…Principle；　it　has　thenceforth　its　own　task　too；　as　everything　must　that　exists　among　real　beings。　　　　　It　looks　towards　its　higher　and　has　intellection；　towards　itself　and　conserves　its　peculiar　being；　towards　its　lower　and　orders；　administers；　governs。　　　　　The　total　of　things　could　not　have　remained　stationary　in　the　Intellectual　Kosmos；　once　there　was　the　possibility　of　continuous　variety；　of　beings　inferior　but　as　necessarily　existent　as　their　superiors。　　　　　4。　So　it　is　with　the　individual　souls；　the　appetite　for　the　divine　Intellect　urges　them　to　return　to　their　source；　but　they　have；　too；　a　power　apt　to　administration　in　this　lower　sphere；　they　may　be　compared　to　the　light　attached　upwards　to　the　sun；　but　not　grudging　its　presidency　to　what　lies　beneath　it。　In　the　Intellectual；　then；　they　remain　with　soul…entire；　and　are　immune　from　care　and　trouble；　in　the　heavenly　sphere；　absorbed　in　the　soul…entire；　they　are　administrators　with　it　just　as　kings；　associated　with　the　supreme　ruler　and　governing　with　him；　do　not　descend　from　their　kingly　stations：　the　souls　indeed　＇as　distinguished　from　the　kosmos＇　are　thus　far　in　the　one　place　with　their　overlord；　but　there　comes　a　stage　at　which　they　descend　from　the　universal　to　become　partial　and　self…centred；　in　a　weary　desire　of　standing　apart　they　find　their　way；　each　to　a　place　of　its　very　own。　This　state　long　maintained；　the　soul　is　a　deserter　from　the　All；　its　differentiation　has　severed　it；　its　vision　is　no　longer　set　in　the　Intellectual；　it　is　a　partial　thing；　isolated；　weakened；　full　of　care；　intent　upon　the　fragment；　severed　from　the　whole；　it　nestles　in　one　form　of　being；　for　this；　it　abandons　all　else；　entering　into　and　caring　for　only　the　one；　for　a　thing　buffeted　about　by　a　worldful　of　things：　thus　it　has　drifted　away　from　the　universal　and；　by　an　actual　presence；　it　administers　the　particular；　it　is　caught　into　contact　now；　and　tends　to　the　outer　to　which　it　has　become　present　and　into　whose　inner　depths　it　henceforth　sinks　far。　　　　　With　this　comes　what　is　known　as　the　casting　of　the　wings；　the　enchaining　in　body：　the　soul　has　lost　that　innocency　of　conducting　the　higher　which　it　knew　when　it　stood　with　the　All…Soul；　that　earlier　state　to　which　all　its　interest　would　bid　it　hasten　back。　　　　　It　has　fallen：　it　is　at　the　chain：　debarred　from　expressing　itself　now　through　its　intellectual　phase；　it　operates　through　sense；　it　is　a　captive；　this　is　the　burial；　the　encavernment；　of　the　Soul。　　　　　But　in　spite　of　all　it　has；　for　ever；　something　transcendent：　by　a　conversion　towards　the　intellective　act；　it　is　loosed　from　the　shackles　and　soars…　when　only　it　makes　its　memories　the　starting　point　of　a　new　vision　of　essential　being。　Souls　that　take　this　way　have　place　in　both　spheres；　living　of　necessity　the　life　there　and　the　life　here　by　turns；　the　upper　life　reigning　in　those　able　to　consort　more　continuously　with　the　divine　Intellect；　the　lower　dominant　where　character　or　circumstances　are　less　favourable。　　　　　All　this　is　indicated　by　Plato；　without　emphasis；　where　he　distinguishes　those　of　the　second　mixing…bowl；　describes　them　as　〃parts；〃　and　goes　on　to　say　that；　having　in　this　way　become　partial；　they　must　of　necessity　experience　birth。　　　　　Of　course；　where　he　speaks　of　God　sowing　them；　he　is　to　be　understood　as　when　he　tells　of　God　speaking　and　delivering　orations；　what　is　rooted　in　the　nature　of　the　All　is　figuratively　treated　as　coming　into　being　by　generation　and　creation：　stage　and　sequence　are　transferred；　for　clarity　of　exposition；　to　things　whose　being　and　definite　form　are　eternal。　　　　　5。　It　is　possible　to　reconcile　all　these　apparent　contradictions…　the　divine　sowing　to　birth；　as　opposed　to　a　voluntary　descent　aiming　at　the　completion　of　the　universe；　the　judgement　and　the　cave；　necessity　and　free　choice…　in　fact　the　necessity　includes　the　choice…embodiment　as　an　evil；　the　Empedoclean　teaching　of　a　flight　from　God；　a　wandering　away；　a　sin　bringing　its　punishment；　the　〃solace　by　flight〃　of　Heraclitus；　in　a　word　a　voluntary　descent　which　is　also　voluntary。　　　　　All　degeneration　is　no　doubt　involuntary；　yet　when　it　has　been　brought　about　by　an　inherent　tendency；　that　submission　to　the　inferior　may　be　described　as　the　penalty　of　an　act。　　　　　On　the　other　hand　these　experiences　and　actions　are　determined　by　an　external　law　of　nature；　and　they　are　due　to　the　movement　of　a　being　which　in　abandoning　its　superior　is　running　out　to　serve　the　needs　of　another：　hence　there　is　no　inconsistency　or　untruth　in　saying　that　the　soul　is　sent　down　by　God；　final　results　are　always　to　be　referred　to　the　starting　point　even　across　many　intervening　stages。　　　　　Still　there　is　a　twofold　flaw：　the　first　lies　in　the　motive　of　the　Soul's　descent　＇its　audacity；　its　Tolma＇；　and　the　second　in　the　evil　it　does　when　actually　here：　the　first　is　punished　by　what　the　soul　has　suffered　by　its　descent：　for　the　faults　committed　here；　the　lesser　penalty　is　to　enter　into　body　after　body…　and　soon　to　return…　by　judgement　according　to　desert；　the　word　judgement　indicating　a　divine　ordinance；　but　any　outrageous　form　of　ill…doing　incurs　a　proportionately　greater　punishment　administered　under　the　surveillance　of　chastising　daimons。　　　　　Thus；　in　sum；　the　soul；　a　divine　being　and　a　dweller　in　the　loftier　realms；　has　entered　body；　it　is　a　god；　a　later　phase　of　the　divine：　but；　under　stress　of　its　powers　and　of　its　tendency　to　bring　order　to　its　next　lower；　it　penetrates　to　this　sphere　in　a　voluntary　plunge：　if　it　turns　back　quickly；　all　is　well；　it　will　have　taken　no　hurt　by　acquiring　the　knowledge　of　evil　and　coming　to　understand　what　sin　is；　by　bringing　its　forces　into　manifest　play；　by　exhibiting　those　activities　and　productions　which；　remaining　merely　potential　in　the　unembodied；　might　as　well　never　have　been　even　there；　if　destined　never　to　come　into　actuality；　so　that　the　soul　itself　would　never　have　known　that　suppressed　and　inhibited　total。　　　　　The　act　reveals　the　power；　a　power　hidden；　and　we　might　almost　say　obliterated　or　nonexistent；　unless　at　some　moment　it　became　effective：　in　the　world　as　it　is；　the　richness　of　the　outer　stirs　us　all　to　the　wonder　of　the　inner　whose　greatness　is　displayed　in　acts　so　splendid。　　　　　6。　Something　besides　a　unity　there　must　be　or　all　would　be　indiscernibly　buried；　shapeless　within　that　unbroken　whole：　none　of　the　real　beings　＇of　the　Intellectual　Kosmos＇　would　exist　if　that　unity　remained　at　halt　within　itself：　the　plurality　of　these　beings；　offspring　of　the　unity；　could　not　exist　without　their　own　nexts　taking　the　outward　path；　these　are　the　beings　holding　the　rank　of　souls。　　　　　In　the　same　way