thigh　is　shortened；　the　leg　less　so；　and　the　others　according　to　the
  same　rule；　the　fleshy　parts　are　atrophied；　especially　on　the
  outside。　Such　persons　are　afraid　to　stand　erect；　and　crawl　along　on
  the　sound　limb；　or；　if　compelled；　they　walk　with　one　or　two　staves；
  and　bear　up　the　affected　limb；　and　the　smaller　the　limb　so　much　the
  more　do　they　walk。　If　the　accident　happens　to　adults　the　bones
  remain　of　their　proper　size；　but　the　flesh　is　wasted；　as　formerly
  described；　the　patients　walk　in　a　wriggling　manner；　like　oxen；　they
  are　bent　toward　the　flank；　and　the　buttock　on　the　uninjured　side　is
  prominent；　for　the　uninjured　limb　must　necessarily　come　below　that
  it　may　support　the　body；　whilst　the　other　must　be　carried　out　of　the
  way；　as　it　cannot　support　the　body；　like　those　who　have　an　ulcer　in
  the　foot。　They　poise　the　body　by　means　of　a　staff　on　the　sound　side；
  and　grasp　the　affected　limb　with　the　hand　above　the　knee　so　as　to
  carry　the　body　in　shifting　from　one　place　to　another。　If　the　parts
  below　the　hip…joint　be　used；　the　bones　below　are　less　atrophied；　but
  the　flesh　more。
  Part　21
  The　symptoms　and　attitudes　in　dislocation　outward　are　the
  opposite；　and　the　knee　and　foot　incline　a　little　inward。　When　it　is
  congenital；　or　occurs　during　adolescence；　the　bones　do　not　grow
  properly；　according　to　the　same　rule；　the　bone　of　the　hip…joint　is
  somewhat　higher　than　natural；　and　does　not　grow　proportionally。　In
  those　who　have　frequent　dislocations　outward；　without　inflammation；
  the　limb　is　of　a　more　humid　（flabby？）　temperament　than　natural；　like
  the　thumb；　for　it　is　the　part　most　frequently　dislocated；
  owing　to　its
  configuration；　in　what　persons　the　dislocation　is　to　a
  greater　or　less
  extent；　and　in　what　persons　it　is　more　difficultly　or　easily
  produced；
  in　what　there　is　reason　to　hope　that　it　can　be　speedily　reduced；　and
  in　what　not；　and　the　remedy　for　this；　and　in　what　cases　the
  dislocation　frequently　happens；　and　treatment　of　this。　In
  dislocation　outward　from　birth；　or　during　adolescence；　or　from
  disease；　（and　it　happens　most　frequently　from　disease；　in　which　case
  there　is　sometimes　exfoliation　of　the　bone；　but　even　where
  there　is　no
  exfoliation）；　the　patients　experience　the　same　symptoms；　but　to　an
  inferior　degree　to　those　in　dislocations　inward；　if　properly　managed
  so　that　in　walking　they　can　put　the　whole　foot　to　the　ground　and
  lean　to　either　side。　The　younger　the　patient　is；　the　greater　care
  should　be　bestowed　on　him；　when　neglected；　the　case　gets　worse；　when
  attended　to；　it　improves；　and；　although　there　be　atrophy　in　all
  parts　of　the　limb；　it　is　to　a　less　extent。
  Part　22
  When　there　is　a　dislocation　on　both　sides；　the　affections　of　the
  bones　are　the　same；　the　flesh　is　well　developed；　except　within；　the
  nates　protrude；　the　thighs　are　arched；　unless　there　be　sphacelus。　If
  there　be　curvature　of　the　spine　above　the　hip…joint；　the　patients
  enjoy　good　health；　but　the　body　does　not　grow；　with　the　exception　of
  the　head。
  Part　23
  The　symptoms　of　dislocation　backward　are：…The　parts　before
  more　empty；　behind　they　protrude；　the　foot　straight；　flexion
  impossible；　except　with　pain；　extension　least　of　all：　in　these　the
  limb　is　shortened。　They　can　neither　extend　the　limb　at　the
  ham；　nor　at
  the　groin；　unless　it　be　much　raised；　nor　can　they　bend　it。　The
  uppermost　joint；　in　most　cases；　takes　the　lead：　this　is　common　in
  joints；　nerves；　muscles；　intestines；　uteri；　and　other　parts。
  There　the
  bone　of　the　hip…joint　is　carried　backward　to　the　nates；　and　on　that
  account　it　is　shortened；　and　because　the　patient　cannot
  extend　it。　The
  flesh　of　the　whole　leg　is　wasted　in　all　cases；　in　which　most；　and　to
  what　extent；　has　been　already　stated。　Every　part　of　the　body　which
  performs　its　functional　work　is　strong；　but；　not　withstanding；　if
  inactive；　it　gets　into　a　bad　condition；　unless　its　inactivity　arise
  from　fatigue；　fever；　or　inflammation。　And　in　dislocations
  outward；　the
  limb　is　shortened；　because　the　bone　is　lodged　in　flesh　which　yields；
  but；　not　withstanding；　in　dislocations　inward；　it　is　longer；　because
  the　bone　is　lodged　on　a　projecting　bone。　Adults；　then；　who　have　this
  dislocation　unreduced；　are　bent　at　the　groins　in　walking；　and　the
  other　ham　is　flexed；　they　scarcely　reach　the　ground　with　the　ball　of
  the　foot；　they　grasp　the　limb　with　the　hand；　and　walk　without　a
  staff　if　they　choose；　if　the　staff　be　too　long；　their　foot　cannot
  reach　the　grounds…if　they　wish　to　reach　the　ground；　they　must　use　a
  short　staff。　There　is　wasting　of　the　flesh　in　cases　attended　with
  pain；　and　the　inclination　of　the　leg　is　forward；　and　the　sound　leg
  in　proportion。　In　congenital　cases；　or　when　in　adolescence；　or　from
  disease；　the　bone　is　dislocated　（under　what　circumstances　will　be
  explained　afterward）；　the　limb　is　particularly　impaired；　owing　to
  the　nerves　and　joints　not　being　exercised；　and　the　knee　is　impaired
  for　the　reasons　stated。　These　persons；　keeping　the　limb　bent；　walk
  with　one　staff　or　two。　But　the　sound　limb　is　in　good　flesh
  from　usage。
  Part　24
  In　dislocations　forward　the　symptoms　are　the　opposite：　a　vacuity
  behind；　a　protuberance　before；　of　all　motions　they　can　least　perform
  flexion；　and　extension　best；　the　foot　is　straight；　the　limb　is　of
  the　proper　length　at　the　heel；　at　its　extremity　the　foot　a　little
  turned　up；　they　are　especially　pained　at　first：　of　all　these
  dislocations　retention　of　urine　occurs　most　frequently　in　this
  variety；　because　the　bone　is　lodged　among　important　nerves。　The　fore
  parts　are　stretched；　do　not　grow；　are　diseased；　and　are　obnoxious　to
  premature　decay；　the　back　parts　are　wrinkled。　In　the　case　of　adults；
  they　walk　erect；　resting　merely　on　the　heel；　and　this　they　do
  decidedly　if　they　can　take　great　steps；　but　they　drag　it　along；　the
  wasting　is　least　of　all　in　this　variety　of　dislocation；
  owing　to　their
  being　able　to　use　the　limb；　but　the　wasting　is　most　behind。　The
  whole　limb　being　straighter　than　natural　they　stand　in　need
  of　a　staff
  on　the　affected　side。　When　the　dislocation　is　congenital；　or　has
  occurred　during　adolescence；　if　properly　managed；　the　patient　has
  the　use　of　the　limb　as　well　as　adults　（otherwise？）　have　of
  it。　But；　if
  neglected；　it　is　shortened　and　extended；　for　in　such　cases　the　joint
  is　generally　in　a　straight　position。　The　diminution　of　the　bones；
  and　wasting　of　the　fleshy　parts；　are　analogous。
  Part　25
  In　reduction…the　extension　of　the　thigh　is　to　be　powerful；　and
  the　adjustment　what　is　common　in　all　such　cases；　with　the　hands；　or
  a　board；　or　a　lever；　which；　in　dislocations　inward；　should　be　round；
  and　in　dislocations　outward；　flat；　but　it　is　mostly　applicable　in
  dislocations　outward。　Dislocations　inward　are　to　be　remedied　by
  means　of　bladders；　extending　to　the　bare　part　of　the　thigh；
  along　with
  extension　and　binding　together　of　the　limbs。　The　patient　may　be
  suspended；　with　his　feet　a　little　separated　from　one
  another；　and　then
  a　person　inserting　his　arm　within　the　affected　limb；　is　to　suspend
  himself　from　it；　and　perform　extension　and　readjustment　at　the　same
  time；　and　this　method　is　sufficient　in　dislocations　forward　and　the
  others；　but　least　of　all　in　dislocations　backward。　A　board　fastened
  under　the　limb；　like　the　board　fastened　below　the　arm　in
  dislocations　at　the　shoulder；　answers　in　dislocations
  inward；　but　less
  so　in　the　other　varieties。　Along　with　extension　you　will　use
  pressure　either　with　the　foot；　the　hand；　or　a　board；　especially　in
  dislocations　forward　and　backward。
  Part　26
  Dislocations　at　the　knee　are　of　a　milder　character　than　those　of
  the　elbow；　owing　to　the　compactness　and　regularity　of　the　joint；　and
  hence　it　is　more　readily　dislocated　and　reduced。　Dislocation
  generally
  takes　place　inward；　but　also　outward　and　backward。　The　methods　of
  reduction　are…by　circumflexion；　or　by　rapid　excalcitration；　or　by
  rolling　a　fillet　into　a　ball；　placing　it　in　the　ham；　and　then
  letting　the　patient's　body　suddenly　drop　down　on　his　knees：　this
  mode　applies　best　in　dislocations　backward。　Dislocations　backward；
  like　those　of　the　elbows；　may　also　be　reduced　by　moderate　extension。
  Lateral　dislocations　may　be　reduced　by　circumflexion　or
  excalcitration；　or　by　extension　（but　this　is　most　applicable　in
  dislocation　backward）；　but　also　by　moderate　extension。　The
  adjustment　is　what　is　common　in　all。　If　not　reduced；　in　dislocations
  backward；　they　cannot　bend　the　leg　and　thigh　upon　one　another；　but
  neither　can　they　do　this　in　the　others　except　to　a　small　extent；　and
  the　fore　parts　of　the　thigh　and　leg　are　wasted。　In
  dislocations　inward
  they　are　bandy…legged；　and　the　external　parts　are　atrophied。　But；　in
  dislocations　outward；　they　incline　more　outward；　but　are　less　lame；
  for　the　body　is　supported　on　the　thicker　bone；　and　the　inner
  parts　are
  wasted。　The　consequences　of　a　congenital　dislocation；　or　one
  occurring
  during　adolescence；　are　analogous　to　the　rule　formerly　laid　down。
  Part　27
  Dislocations　at　the　ankle…joint　require　strong　extension；　either
  with　the　hands　or　some　such　means；　and　adjustment；　which　at　the　same
  time　effects　both　acts；　this　is　common　in　all　cases。
  Part　28
  Dislocations　of　the　bones　of　the　foot　are　to　be　treated　like
  those　of　the　hand。