第 19 节
作者:精灵王      更新:2021-04-30 17:23      字数:9322
  rivalling there his huge congeners; who display               their exquisite plumes on
  every tropic coral reef。        (9)
  Next; what are those bright little buds; like salmon…coloured                  Banksia
  roses half expanded; sitting closely on the stone?               Touch      them; the soft
  part is retracted; and the orange flower of flesh is             transformed into a pale
  pink    flower    of  stone。    That    is  the   Madrepore;        Caryophyllia      Smithii
  (Plate V。 fig。 2); one of our south           coast rarities:     and see; on the lip of
  the last one; which   we   have         carefully scooped   off   with the   chisel;  two
  little pink towers of        stone; delicately striated; drop them into this small
  bottle   of   sea…water;   and   from   the   top   of   each   tower   issues   every   half…
  second      …   what    shall   we   call  it?  …  a  hand    or  a  net   of  finest   hairs;
  clutching      at  something      invisible    to  our   grosser    sense。    That     is  the
  Pyrgoma; parasitic only (as far as we know) on the lip of this same                      rare
  Madrepore; a little 〃cirrhipod;〃 the cousin of those tiny                barnacles which
  roughen      every    rock    (a  larger    sort  whereof      I  showed      you     on   the
  Turritella); and of those larger ones also who burrow in                 the thick hide of
  the whale; and; borne about upon his mighty                  sides; throw out their tiny
  casting   nets;   as   this   Pyrgoma   does;   to   catch   every   passing   animalcule;
  and    sweep     them   into   the  jaws    concealed      within    its  shell。  And     this
  creature; rooted to one spot          through life and death; was in its infancy a
  free swimming animal;           hovering from place to place upon delicate ciliae;
  till; having     sown its wild oats; it settled down in life; built itself a good
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  stone house; and became a landowner; or rather a glebae adscriptus;                      for
  ever and a day。        Mysterious destiny! … yet not so mysterious as                that of
  the   free   medusoid   young   of   every   polype   and   coral;   which      ends   as   a
  rooted tree of horn or stone; and seems to the eye of                 sensuous fancy to
  have literally degenerated into a vegetable。             Of    them you must read for
  yourself     in  Mr。    Gosse's    book;    in  the   meanwhile        he   shall  tell  you
  something       of  the  beautiful    Madrepores       themselves。      His    description;
  (10)    by   far  the  best  yet   published;     should     be  read   in  full;  we   must
  content ourselves with extracts。
  〃Doubtless       you    are    familiar    with    the    stony    skeleton     of   our
  Madrepore; as it appears in museums。                It consists of a number of          thin
  calcareous      plates   standing    up   edgewise;     and   arranged    in  a   radiating
  manner       round    a   low    centre。     A     little  below    the    margin      their
  individuality is lost in the deposition of rough calcareous               matter。 。 。 。 The
  general form is more or less cylindrical;            commonly wider at top than just
  above the bottom。 。 。 。 This is but           the skeleton; and though it is a very
  pretty object; those who are         acquainted with it alone; can form but a very
  poor idea of the       beauty of the living animal。 。 。 。 Let it; after being torn
  from     the    rock;   recover    its  equanimity;     then   you   will  see   a  pellucid
  gelatinous flesh emerging from between the plates; and little                  exquisitely
  formed and coloured tentacula; with white clubbed tips                 fringing the sides
  of   the   cup…shaped   cavity  in   the   centre;   across   which   stretches   the   oval
  disc marked with a star of some rich and             brilliant colour; surrounding the
  central mouth; a slit with white           crenated lips; like the orifice of one of
  those elegant cowry          shells which we put upon our mantelpieces。                 The
  mouth      is  always    more     or  less  prominent;     and   can   be   protruded    and
  expanded   to   an     astonishing   extent。      The   space   surrounding   the  lips   is
  commonly        fawn   colour;   or   rich   chestnut…brown;   the   star   or   vandyked
  circle    rich red; pale vermilion; and sometimes the most brilliant emerald
  green; as brilliant as the gorget of a humming…bird。〃
  And   what   does   this   exquisitely   delicate   creature   do   with   its   pretty
  mouth?      Alas for fact!      It sips no honey…dew; or fruits from            paradise。 …
  〃I put a minute spider; as large as a pin's head; into             the water; pushing it
  down      to  the  coral。   The     instant   it  touched    the    tip  of  a  tentacle;   it
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  adhered;  and   was drawn   in   with the         surrounding   tentacles between   the
  plates。    With a lens I saw the          small mouth slowly open; and move over
  to that side; the lips      gaping unsymmetrically; while with a movement as
  imperceptible   as       that   of   the   hour   hand   of   a   watch;   the   tiny   prey   was
  carried along       between the plates to the corner of the mouth。              The mouth;
  however;       moved   most;   and   at   length   reached   the   edges   of   the   plates;
  gradually closed upon the insect; and then returned to its usual                    place in
  the centre。〃
  Mr。 Gosse next tried the fairy of the walking mouth with a house… fly;
  who escaped only by hard fighting; and at last the gentle                    creature; after
  swallowing       and    disgorging     various    large   pieces    of   shell…fish;    found
  viands     to   its  taste   in  〃the   lean    of  cooked      meat     and    portions     of
  earthworms;〃        filling    up   the   intervals     by   a     perpetual      dessert    of
  microscopic animalcules; whirled into that               lovely avernus; its mouth; by
  the currents of the delicate ciliae          which clothe every tentacle。           The fact
  is;   that   the   Madrepore;   like   those   glorious   sea…anemones   whose   living
  flowers   stud   every   pool;     is   by   profession   a   scavenger   and   a   feeder   on
  carrion;   and   being   as    useful   as   he   is   beautiful;   really   comes   under   the
  rule which he        seems at first to break; that handsome is who handsome
  does。     Another species of Madrepore (11) was discovered on our Devon
  coast     by  Mr。   Gosse;   more   gaudy;   though   not   so   delicate   in   hue   as   our
  Caryophyllia。         Mr。    Gosse's     locality;   for   this   and   numberless       other
  curiosities; is Ilfracombe; on the north coast of Devon。                  My     specimens
  came from Lundy Island; in the mouth of the Bristol                     Channel; or more
  properly   from   that   curious   〃Rat   Island〃   to   the    south   of   it;   where   still
  lingers   the   black   long…tailed   English   rat;    exterminated   everywhere   else
  by his sturdier brown cousin of the            Hanoverian dynasty。
  Look; now; at these tiny saucers of the thinnest ivory; the largest                  not
  bigger   than   a   silver   threepence;   which   contain   in   their   centres    a   milk…
  white   crust   of   stone;   pierced;   as   you   see   under   the   magnifier;   into   a
  thousand cells; each with its living architect            within。     Here are two kinds:
  in one the tubular cells radiate from            the centre; giving it the appearance
  of   a   tiny   compound   flower;      daisy   or   groundsel;   in   the   other   they   are
  crossed with waving           grooves; giving the whole a peculiar fretted look;
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  even     more       beautiful     than    that   of   the   former     species。      They      are
  Tubulipora        patina and Tubulipora hispida; … and stay … break off that tiny
  rough   red   wart;   and   look   at   its   cells   also   under   the   magnifier:      it   is
  Cellepora   pumicosa;   and   now;   with   the   Madrepore;   you   hold   in              your
  hand the principal; at least the commonest; British types of                      those famed
  coral   insects;   which   in   the   tropics   are   the   architects    of   continents;   and
  the conquerors of the ocean surge。               Al