第 14 节
作者:精灵王      更新:2021-04-30 17:23      字数:9320
  few years since;       almost the only known living species was the exquisite
  and rare     Pentacrinus asteria; from deep water off the Windward Isles of
  the    West Indies。
  Of this you will see a specimen   or two both at Liverpool and in   the
  British    Museum;      and   near   them;    probably;    specimens     of  the   new…old
  Crinoids; discovered of late years by Professor Sars; Mr。 Gwyn                    Jeffreys;
  Dr。 Carpenter; Dr。 Wyville Thomson; and the other deep… sea disciples of
  the mythic Glaucus; the fisherman; who; enamoured                    of the wonders of
  the sea; plunged into the blue abyss once and for              all; and became himself
  〃the blue old man of the sea。〃
  Next look at the corals; and Gorgonias; and all the sea…fern tribe                  of
  branching polypidoms; and last; but not least; at the glass                sponges; first
  at the Euplectella; or Venus's flower…basket; which              lives embedded in the
  mud of the seas of the Philippines; supported             by a glass frill 〃standing up
  round it like an Elizabethan ruff。〃            Twenty years ago there was but one
  specimen      in   Europe:     now     you   may     buy    one    for  a  pound    in   any
  curiosity shop。      I advise you to do so;        and to keep … as I have seen done
  … under a glass case; as a        delight to your eyes; one of the most exquisite;
  both for form and        texture; of natural objects。
  Then look at the Hyalonemas; or glass…rope ocean floor by a twisted
  wisp   of   strong   flexible   flint   needles;   somewhat   on   the   principle   of   a
  screw…pile。        So     strange    and    complicated       is  their   structure;    that
  naturalists for a long while could literally make neither head nor                  tail of
  them;   as   long   as   they   had   only   Japanese   specimens   to   study;   some   of
  which the Japanese dealers had; of malice prepense; stuck                   upside down
  into    Pholas…borings      in  stones。    Which      was   top   and   which     bottom;
  which     the   thing   itself;  and   which    special    parasites   growing      on    it;
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  whether it was a sponge; or a zoophyte; or something else;                    at one time
  even whether it was natural; or artificial and a make… up; … could not be
  settled; even till a year or two since。          But the     discovery of the same; or
  a   similar;   species   in   abundance   from   the     Butt   of   the   Lows   down   to
  Setubal on the Portuguese coast; where the               deep…water shark fishers call
  it 〃sea…whip;〃 has given our savants            specimens enough to make up their
  minds … that they really know           little or nothing about it; and probably will
  never know。
  And     do  not   forget;   lastly;  to  ask;  whether     at  Liverpool     or  at  the
  British Museum; for the Holtenias and their congeners; … hollow                    sponges
  built up of glassy spicules; and rooted in the mud by glass                hairs; in some
  cases between two and three feet long; as flexible               and graceful as tresses
  of snow…white silk。
  Look at these; and a hundred kindred forms; and then see how nature
  is   not   only   〃maxima      in   minimis〃     …  greatest   in   her  least;   but   often
  〃pulcherrima in abditis〃 … fairest in her most hidden works; and                   how the
  Creative   Spirit   has   lavished;   as   it   were;   unspeakable      artistic   skill  on
  lowly…organized creature; never till now beheld                by man; and buried; not
  only in foul mud; but in their own           unsightly heap of living jelly。
  But so it was from the beginning; … and this planet was not made                    for
  man alone。       Countless ages before we appeared on earth the                  depths of
  the old chalk…ocean teemed with forms as beautiful and                   perfect as those;
  their   lineal   descendants;     which     the  dredge    now     brings     up  from    the
  Atlantic sea…floor;   and if   there were   …   as my       reason   tells me   that there
  must   have   been   …   final   moral   causes   for  their   existence;   the   only   ones
  which we have a right to imagine are              these … that all; down to the lowest
  Rhizopod;   might   delight        themselves;   however   dimly;   in   existing;   and
  that the Lord might        delight Himself in them。
  Thus; much … alas! how little … about the wonders of the deep。                     We;
  who are no deep…sea dredgers; must return humbly to the wonders of                       the
  shore。     And first; as after descending the gap in the sea…wall                 we walk
  along   the   ribbed   floor   of   hard   yellow   sand;   let   me   ask   you to   give   a
  sharp   look…out   for   a   round   grey   disc;   about   as   big   as   a penny…piece;
  peeping out on the surface。          No; that is not it; that      little lump:    open it;
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  and you will find within one of the common                    little Venus gallina。 … The
  closet   collectors   have   given   it   some     new   name   now;   and   no   thanks   to
  them:      they are always changing the            names; instead of studying the live
  animals where Nature has put               them; in which case they would have no
  time for word…inventing。             Nay; I verify suspect that the names grow; like
  other things; at       least; they get longer and longer and more jaw…breaking
  every  year。        The   little   bivalve; however;   finding   itself left   by  the   tide;
  has     wisely shut up its siphons; and; by means of its foot and its                   edges;
  buried   itself   in   a   comfortable   bath   of   cool   wet   sand;   till the   sea   shall
  come back; and make it safe to crawl and lounge about                        on the surface;
  smoking   the   sea…water   instead   of   tobacco。         Neither      is   that   depression
  what we seek。        Touch it; and out poke a pair of           astonished and inquiring
  horns:      it   is  a  long…armed       crab;   who    saw     us    coming;     and    wisely
  shovelled himself into  the sand by  means of                 his   nether…end。      Corystes
  Cassivelaunus is his name; which he is                 said to have acquired from  the
  marks   on   his   back;   which   are      somewhat   like   a   human   face。        〃Those
  long antennae;〃 says my friend;              Mr。 Lloyd (6) … I have not verified the
  fact;   but   believe   it;   as   he knows   a   great   deal   about   crabs;   and   I   know
  next to nothing … 〃form           a tube through which a current of water passes
  into   the   crab's   gills;   free   from  the   surrounding   sand。〃      Moreover;   it   is
  only   the    male   who   has   those   strangely   long   fore…arms   and   claws;   the
  female       contenting       herself   with    limbs    of   a   more    moderate      length。
  Neither      is that; though it might be; the hole down which what we seek
  has     vanished:      but   that   burrow   contains   one   of   the   long   white   razors
  which you saw cast on shore at Paignton。                The boys close by are          boring
  for them with iron rods armed with a screw; and taking them                      in to sell in
  Torquay market; as excellent food。              But there is one;       at last … a grey disc
  pouting up through the sand。              Touch it; and       it is gone down; quick as
  light。    We must dig it out; and          carefully; for it is a delicate monster。          At
  last;   after   ten  minutes'   careful   work;   we   have   brought   up;   from   a   foot
  depth or      more … what?        A thick; dirty; slimy worm; without head or tail;
  form or colour。        A slug has more artistic beauty about him。                  Be it    so。
  At home in the aquarium (where; alas! he will live but for a                     day or two;
  under   the   new   irritation   of   light)   he   will   make   a   very different   figure。
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  That is one of the rarest of British sea… animals; Peachia hastata (Pl。 XII。
  Fig。    1);  which    differs   from    most     other    British   Actiniae     in  this;  that
  instead of having like them a            walking disc; it has a free open lower end;
  with which (I know not            how) it buries itself upright in the sand; with its