第 7 节
作者:
精灵王 更新:2021-04-30 17:22 字数:9322
still find; in it。 And when to this we add the marvels which meet us at
every step in the anatomy and the reproduction of these creatures; and in
the chemical and mechanical functions which they fulfil in the great
economy of our planet; we cannot wonder at finding that books which
treat of them carry with them a certain charm of romance; and feed the
play of fancy; and that love of the marvellous which is inherent in man;
at the same time that they lead the reader to more solemn and lofty trains
of thought; which can find their full satisfaction only in self…forgetful
worship; and that hymn of praise which goes up ever from land and sea;
as well as from saints and martyrs and the heavenly host; 〃O all ye
works of the Lord; and ye; too; spirits and souls of the righteous; praise
Him; and magnify Him for ever!〃
I have said; that there were excuses for the old contempt of the study
of Natural History。 I have said; too; it may be hoped; enough to show
that contempt to be now ill…founded。 But still; there are those who
regard it as a mere amusement; and that as a somewhat effeminate one;
and think that it can at best help to while away a leisure hour harmlessly;
and perhaps usefully; as a substitute for coarser sports; or for the reading
of novels。 Those; however; who have followed it out; especially on the
sea… shore; know better。 They can tell from experience; that over and
above its accessory charms of pure sea…breezes; and wild rambles by
cliff and loch; the study itself has had a weighty moral effect upon their
hearts and spirits。 There are those who can well understand how the
good and wise John Ellis; amid all his philanthropic labours for the good
of the West Indies; while he was spending his intellect and fortune in
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introducing into our tropic settlements the bread…fruit; the mangosteen;
and every plant and seed which he hoped might be useful for medicine;
agriculture; and commerce; could yet feel himself justified in devoting
large portions of his ever well…spent time to the fighting the battle of
the corallines against Parsons and the rest; and even in measuring pens
with Linne; the prince of naturalists。
There are those who can sympathise with the gallant old Scotch
officer mentioned by some writer on sea…weeds; who; desperately
wounded in the breach at Badajos; and a sharer in all the toils and
triumphs of the Peninsular war; could in his old age show a rare sea…
weed with as much triumph as his well…earned medals; and talk over a
tiny spore…capsule with as much zest as the records of sieges and battles。
Why not? That temper which made him a good soldier may very well
have made him a good naturalist also。 The late illustrious geologist; Sir
Roderick Murchison; was also an old Peninsular officer。 I doubt not
that with him; too; the experiences of war may have helped to fit him for
the studies of peace。 Certainly; the best naturalist; as far as logical
acumen; as well as earnest research; is concerned; whom England has
ever seen; was the Devonshire squire; Colonel George Montagu; of
whom the late E。 Forbes well says; that 〃had he been educated a
physiologist〃 (and not; as he was; a soldier and a sportsman); 〃and made
the study of Nature his aim and not his amusement; his would have been
one of the greatest names in the whole range of British science。〃 I
question; nevertheless; whether he would not have lost more than he
would have gained by a different training。 It might have made him a
more learned systematizer; but would it have quickened in him that
〃seeing〃 eye of the true soldier and sportsman; which makes Montagu's
descriptions indelible word… pictures; instinct with life and truth? 〃There
is no question;〃 says E。 Forbes; after bewailing the vagueness of most
naturalists; 〃about the identity of any animal Montagu described。 。 。 。 He
was a forward…looking philosopher; he spoke of every creature as if one
exceeding like it; yet different from it; would be washed up by the waves
next tide。 Consequently his descriptions are permanent。〃 Scientific
men will recognize in this the highest praise which can be bestowed;
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because it attributes to him the highest faculty … The Art of Seeing; but
the study and the book would not have given that。 It is God's gift
wheresoever educated: but its true school… room is the camp and the
ocean; the prairie and the forest; active; self…helping life; which can
grapple with Nature herself: not merely with printed…books about her。
Let no one think that this same Natural History is a pursuit fitted only
for effeminate or pedantic men。 I should say; rather; that the
qualifications required for a perfect naturalist are as many and as lofty as
were required; by old chivalrous writers; for the perfect knight…errant
of the Middle Ages: for (to sketch an ideal; of which I am happy to say
our race now affords many a fair realization) our perfect naturalist
should be strong in body; able to haul a dredge; climb a rock; turn a
boulder; walk all day; uncertain where he shall eat or rest; ready to face
sun and rain; wind and frost; and to eat or drink thankfully anything;
however coarse or meagre; he should know how to swim for his life; to
pull an oar; sail a boat; and ride the first horse which comes to hand; and;
finally; he should be a thoroughly good shot; and a skilful fisherman;
and; if he go far abroad; be able on occasion to fight for his life。
For his moral character; he must; like a knight of old; be first of all
gentle and courteous; ready and able to ingratiate himself with the poor;
the ignorant; and the savage; not only because foreign travel will be
often otherwise impossible; but because he knows how much invaluable
local information can be only obtained from fishermen; miners; hunters;
and tillers of the soil。 Next; he should be brave and enterprising; and
withal patient and undaunted; not merely in travel; but in investigation;
knowing (as Lord Bacon might have put it) that the kingdom of Nature;
like the kingdom of heaven; must be taken by violence; and that only to
those who knock long and earnestly does the great mother open the
doors of her sanctuary。 He must be of a reverent turn of mind also; not
rashly discrediting any reports; however vague and fragmentary; giving
man credit always for some germ of truth; and giving Nature credit for
an inexhaustible fertility and variety; which will keep him his life long
always reverent; yet never superstitious; wondering at the commonest;
but not surprised by the most strange; free from the idols of size and
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sensuous loveliness; able to see grandeur in the minutest objects; beauty;
in the most ungainly; estimating each thing not carnall