第 4 节
作者:双曲线      更新:2021-04-30 17:21      字数:9322
  To   begin   with   two   misconceptions;   merely   by   way   of   clearing   the
  ground:   the   Western   horse   is   generally   designated   as   a   〃bronco。〃     The
  term   is   considered   synonymous   of   horse   or   pony。      This   is   not   so。 A
  horse is 〃bronco〃 when he is ugly or mean or vicious or unbroken。                    So is
  a cow 〃bronco〃 in the same condition; or a mule; or a burro。                Again; from
  certain Western illustrators and from a few samples; our notion of the cow…
  pony has become that of a lean; rangy; wiry; thin…necked; scrawny beast。
  Such   may   be   found。     But   the   average   good   cow…pony   is   apt   to   be   an
  exceedingly       handsome      animal;   clean…built;    graceful。    This    is  natural;
  when you stop to think of it; for he is descended direct from Moorish and
  Arabian stock。
  Certain    characteristics    he   possesses    beyond     the  capabilities   of   the
  ordinary horse。       The most marvelous to me of these is his sure…footedness。
  Let me give you a few examples。
  I once was engaged with a crew of cowboys in rounding up mustangs
  in southern Arizona。        We would ride slowly in through the hills until we
  caught sight of the herds。         Then it was a case of running them down and
  heading     them   off;   of  turning   the  herd;   milling   it;  of  rushing   it  while
  confused   across   country   and   into   the   big   corrals。    The   surface   of   the
  ground was composed of angular volcanic rocks about the size of your two
  fists; between which the bunch…grass sprouted。                An Eastern rider would
  ride his horse very gingerly and at a walk; and then thank his lucky stars if
  he   escaped   stumbles。       The   cowboys   turned   their   mounts   through   at   a
  dead run。      It was beautiful to see the ponies go; lifting their feet well up
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  and over; planting them surely and firmly; and nevertheless making speed
  and attending to the game。           Once; when we had pushed the herd up the
  slope of a butte; it made a break to get through a little hog… back。                   The
  only way to head it was down a series of rough boulder ledges laid over a
  great sheet of volcanic rock。          The man at the hog…back put his little gray
  over the ledges and boulders; down the sheet of rock;hop; slip; slide;
  and   along   the   side   hill   in   time   to   head   off   the   first   of   the   mustangs。
  During   the   ten   days   of   riding   I   saw   no   horse   fall。 The   animal   I   rode;
  Button by name; never even stumbled。
  In the Black Hills years ago I happened to be one of the inmates of a
  small mining…camp。          Each night the work…animals; after being fed; were
  turned loose in the mountains。           As I possessed the only cow…pony in the
  outfit; he was fed in the corral; and kept up for the purpose of rounding up
  the others。     Every morning one of us used to ride him out after the herd。
  Often it was necessary to run him at full speed along the mountain…side;
  over rocks;  boulders;  and ledges;  across   ravines and   gullies。           Never  but
  once in three months did he fall。
  On   the   trail;   too;   they   will   perform   feats   little   short   of   marvelous。
  Mere steepness does not bother them at all。             They sit back almost on their
  haunches; bunch their feet together; and slide。             I have seen them go down
  a hundred feet this way。         In rough country they place their feet accurately
  and   quickly;   gauge   exactly   the   proper   balance。     I   have   led   my   saddle…
  horse;   Bullet;   over   country   where;   undoubtedly   to   his   intense   disgust;   I
  myself have fallen a dozen times in the course of a morning。                   Bullet had
  no such troubles。       Any of the mountain horses will hop cheerfully up or
  down ledges anywhere。           They will even walk a log fifteen or twenty feet
  above a stream。       I have seen the same trick performed in Barnum's circus
  as a wonderful feat; accompanied by brass bands and breathlessness。                     We
  accomplished it on our trip with out any brass bands; I cannot answer for
  the breathlessness。       As for steadiness of nerve; they will walk serenely on
  the edge of precipices a man would hate to look over; and given a palm's
  breadth   for   the   soles   of   their   feet;   they   will   get   through。 Over   such   a
  place I should a lot rather trust Bullet than myself。
  In an emergency the Western horse is not apt to lose his head。                  When
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  a   pack…horse   falls   down;   he   lies   still   without   struggle   until   eased   of   his
  pack and told to get up。         If he slips off an edge; he tries to double his fore
  legs   under   him   and   slide。     Should   he   find   himself   in   a   tight   place;   he
  waits patiently for you to help him; and then proceeds gingerly。                     A friend
  of mine rode a horse named Blue。               One day; the trail being slippery with
  rain;   he   slid   and   fell。 My   friend   managed   a   successful   jump;   but   Blue
  tumbled about thirty feet to the bed of the canon。                Fortunately he was not
  injured。     After     some    difficulty    my    friend   managed       to  force   his   way
  through the chaparral to where Blue stood。                Then it was fine to see them。
  My   friend   would   go   ahead   a   few   feet;   picking   a   route。     When   he   had
  made   his   decision;   he   called   Blue。     Blue   came   that   far;   and   no   farther。
  Several times the little horse balanced painfully and unsteadily like a goat;
  all   four   feet   on   a   boulder;   waiting   for   his   signal   to   advance。   In   this
  manner   they   regained        the   trail;  and  proceeded   as     though     nothing    had
  happened。       Instances could be multiplied indefinitely。
  A good animal adapts himself quickly。                 He is capable of learning by
  experience。       In a country entirely new to him he soon discovers the best
  method of getting about; where the feed grows; where he can find water。
  He is accustomed to foraging for himself。                You do not need to show him
  his pasturage。 If there is anything to eat anywhere in the district he will
  find it。    Little tufts of bunch…grass growing concealed under the edges of
  the brush; he   will search out。          If   he cannot   get grass; he knows how to
  rustle for the browse of small bushes。              Bullet would devour sage… brush;
  when      he    could     get   nothing     else;    and    I  have     even     known      him
  philosophically  to   fill   up   on   dry  pine…needles。       There   is   no   nutrition   in
  dry pine… needles; but Bullet got a satisfyingly full belly。                  On the trail a
  well…seasoned        horse    will   be  always     on   the   forage;    snatching     here   a
  mouthful;   yonder   a   single   spear   of   grass;   and   all   without   breaking   the
  regularity of his gait; or delaying the pack…train behind him。                    At the end
  of the day's travel he is that much to the good。
  By long observation thus you will construct your ideal of the mountain
  horse;   and   in   your   selection   of   your   animals   for   an   expedition   you   will
  search always for that ideal。          It is only too apt to be modified by personal
  idiosyncrasies; and proverbially an ideal is difficult of attainment; but you
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  will; with care; come closer to its realization than one accustomed only to
  the conventionality of an artificially reared horse would believe possible。
  The   ideal   mountain   horse;   when   you   come   to   pick   him   out;   is   of
  medium  size。        He  should   be   not   smaller   than   fourteen   hands   nor   larger
  than   fifteen。    He   is   strongly   but   not   clumsily   built;   short…coupled;   with
  none   of   the   snipy   speedy   range   of   the   valley   animal。      You   will   select
  preferably   one   of   wide   full   forehead;   indicating   intelligence;   low   in   the
  withers; so the saddle will not be   apt to gall him。                 His sureness of   foot
  should be beyond question; and of course he must be an expert at foraging。
  A horse that knows but one or two kinds of feed; and that starves unless he
  can find just those kinds; is an abomination。               He must not jump wh