fear；　and　shame。　Vocula　then　left　them；　and　was　preparing　to　put　an
  end　to　his　life；　when　his　freedmen　and　slaves　prevented　him　from
  anticipating　by　his　own　act　a　most　miserable　death。　Classicus
  despatched　one　Aemilius　Longinus；　a　deserter　from　the　first　legion；
  and　speedily　accomplished　the　murder。　With　respect　to　the　two　legates；
  Herennius　and　Numisius；　it　was　thought　enough　to　put　them　in　chains。
  Classicus　then　assumed　the　insignia　of　Roman　Imperial　power；　and
  entered　the　camp。　Hardened　though　he　was　to　every　sort　of　crime；　he
  could　only　find　words　enough　to　go　through　the　form　of　oath。　All　who
  were　present　swore　allegiance　to　the　empire　of　Gaul。　He
  distinguished　the　murderer　of　Vocula　by　high　promotion；　and　the　others
  by　rewards　proportioned　to　their　services　in　crime。
  Tutor　and　Classicus　then　divided　the　management　of　the　war　between
  them。　Tutor；　investing　the　Colonia　Agrippinensis　with　a　strong
  force；　compelled　the　inhabitants　and　all　the　troops　on　the　Upper　Rhine
  to　take　the　same　oath。　He　did　this　after　having　first　put　to　death　the
  tribunes　at　Mogontiacum；　and　driven　away　the　prefect　of　the　camp；
  because　they　refused　obedience。　Classicus　picked　out　all　the　most
  unprincipled　men　from　the　troops　who　had　capitulated；　and　bade　them　go
  to　the　besieged；　and　offer　them　quarter；　if　they　would　accept　the
  actual　state　of　affairs；　otherwise　there　was　no　hope　for　them；　they
  would　have　to　endure　famine；　the　sword；　and　the　direst　extremities。
  The　messengers　whom　he　sent　supported　their　representations　by　their
  own　example。
  The　ties　of　loyalty　on　the　one　hand；　and　the　necessities　of　famine
  on　the　other；　kept　the　besieged　wavering　between　the　alternatives　of
  glory　and　infamy。　While　they　thus　hesitated；　all　usual　and　even
  unusual　kinds　of　food　failed　them；　for　they　had　consumed　their
  horses　and　beasts　of　burden　and　all　the　other　animals；　which；　though
  unclean　and　disgusting；　necessity　compelled　them　to　use。　At　last
  they　tore　up　shrubs　and　roots　and　the　grass　that　grew　between　the
  stones；　and　thus　shewed　an　example　of　patience　under　privations；
  till　at　last　they　shamefully　tarnished　the　lustre　of　their　fame　by
  sending　envoys　to　Civilis　to　beg　for　their　lives。　Their　prayers　were
  not　heard；　till　they　swore　allegiance　to　the　empire　of　Gaul。　Civilis
  then　stipulated　for　the　plunder　of　the　camp；　and　appointed　guards
  who　were　to　secure　the　treasure；　the　camp…followers；　and　the
  baggage；　and　accompany　them　as　they　departed；　stripped　of
  everything。　About　five　miles　from　the　spot　the　Germans　rose　upon　them；
  and　attacked　them　as　they　marched　without　thought　of　danger。　The
  bravest　were　cut　down　where　they　stood；　the　greater　part；　as　they　were
  scattered　in　flight。　The　rest　made　their　escape　to　the　camp；　while
  Civilis　certainly　complained　of　the　proceeding；　and　upbraided　the
  Germans　with　breaking　faith　by　this　atrocious　act。　Whether　this　was
  mere　hypocrisy；　or　whether　he　was　unable　to　restrain　their　fury；　is
  not　positively　stated。　They　plundered　and　then　fired　the　camp；　and　all
  who　survived　the　battle　the　flames　destroyed。
  Then　Civilis　fulfilled　a　vow　often　made　by　barbarians；　his　hair；
  which　he　had　let　grow　long　and　coloured　with　a　red　dye　from　the　day　of
  taking　up　arms　against　Rome；　he　now　cut　short；　when　the　destruction　of
  the　legions　had　been　accomplished。　It　was　also　said　that　he　set　up
  some　of　the　prisoners　as　marks　for　his　little　son　to　shoot　at　with　a
  child's　arrows　and　javelins。　He　neither　took　the　oath　of　allegiance　to
  Gaul　himself；　nor　obliged　any　Batavian　to　do　so；　for　he　relied　on
  the　resources　of　Germany；　and　felt　that；　should　it　be　necessary　to
  fight　for　empire　with　the　Gauls；　he　should　have　on　his　side　a　great
  name　and　superior　strength。　Munius　Lupercus；　legate　of　one　of　the
  legions；　was　sent　along　with　other　gifts　to　Veleda；　a　maiden　of　the
  tribe　of　the　Bructeri；　who　possessed　extensive　dominion；　for　by
  ancient　usage　the　Germans　attributed　to　many　of　their　women
  prophetic　powers　and；　as　the　superstition　grew　in　strength；　even
  actual　divinity。　The　authority　of　Veleda　was　then　at　its　height；
  because　she　had　foretold　the　success　of　the　Germans　and　the
  destruction　of　the　legions。　Lupercus；　however；　was　murdered　on　the
  road。　A　few　of　the　centurions　and　tribunes；　who　were　natives　of
  Gaul；　were　reserved　as　hostages　for　the　maintenance　of　the　alliance。
  The　winter　encampments　of　the　auxiliary　infantry　and　cavalry　and　of
  the　legions；　with　the　sole　exception　of　those　at　Mogontiacum　and
  Vindonissa；　were　pulled　down　and　burnt。
  The　16th　legion；　with　the　auxiliary　troops　that　capitulated　at　the
  same　time；　received　orders　to　march　from　Novesium　to　the　Colony　of　the
  Treveri；　a　day　having　been　fixed　by　which　they　were　to　quit　the
  camp。　The　whole　of　this　interval　they　spent　in　many　anxious
  thoughts。　The　cowards　trembled　to　think　of　those　who　had　been
  massacred　at　the　Old　Camp；　the　better　men　blushed　with　shame　at　the
  infamy　of　their　position。　〃What　a　march　is　this　before　us！〃　they
  cried；　〃Who　will　lead　us　on　our　way？　Our　all　is　at　the　disposal　of
  those　whom　we　have　made　our　masters　for　life　or　death。〃　Others；
  without　the　least　sense　of　their　disgrace；　stowed　away　about　their
  persons　their　money　and　what　else　they　prized　most　highly；　while
  some　got　their　arms　in　readiness；　and　girded　on　their　weapons　as　if
  for　battle。　While　they　were　thus　occupied；　the　time　for　their
  departure　arrived；　and　proved　even　more　dismal　than　their
  anticipation。　For　in　their　intrenchments　their　woeful　appearance　had
  not　been　so　noticeable；　the　open　plain　and　the　light　of　day　revealed
  their　disgrace。　The　images　of　the　Emperors　were　torn　down；　the
  standards　were　borne　along　without　their　usual　honours；　while　the
  banners　of　the　Gauls　glittered　on　every　side。　The　train　moved　on　in
  silence　like　a　long　funeral　procession。　Their　leader　was　Claudius
  Sanctus；　one　of　his　eyes　had　been　destroyed；　he　was　repulsive　in
  countenance　and　even　more　feeble　in　intellect。　The　guilt　of　the　troops
  seemed　to　be　doubled；　when　the　other　legion；　deserting　the　camp　at
  Bonna；　joined　their　ranks。　When　the　report　of　the　capture　of　the
  legions　became　generally　known；　all　who　but　a　short　time　before
  trembled　at　the　name　of　Rome　rushed　forth　from　the　fields　and
  houses；　and　spread　themselves　everywhere　to　enjoy　with　extravagant
  delight　the　strange　spectacle。　The　Picentine　Horse　could　not　endure
  the　triumph　of　the　insulting　rabble；　and；　disregarding　the　promises
  and　threats　of　Sanctus；　rode　off　to　Mogontiacum。　Chancing　to　fall　in
  with　Longinus；　the　murderer　of　Vocula；　they　overwhelmed　him　with　a
  shower　of　darts；　and　thus　made　a　beginning　towards　a　future
  expiation　of　their　guilt。　The　legions　did　not　change　the　direction
  of　their　march；　and　encamped　under　the　walls　of　the　colony　of　the
  Treveri。
  Elated　with　their　success；　Civilis　and　Classicus　doubted　whether
  they　should　not　give　up　the　Colonia　Agrippinensis　to　be　plundered　by
  their　troops。　Their　natural　ferocity　and　lust　for　spoil　prompted
  them　to　destroy　the　city；　but　the　necessities　of　war；　and　the
  advantage　of　a　character　for　clemency　to　men　founding　a　new　empire；
  forbade　them　to　do　so。　Civilis　was　also　influenced　by　recollections　of
  kindness　received；　for　his　son；　who　at　the　beginning　of　the　war　had
  been　arrested　in　the　Colony；　had　been　kept　in　honourable　custody。
  But　the　tribes　beyond　the　Rhine　disliked　the　place　for　its　wealth
  and　increasing　power；　and　held　that　the　only　possible　way　of　putting
  an　end　to　war　would　be；　either　to　make　it　an　open　city　for　all
  Germans；　or　to　destroy　it　and　so　disperse　the　Ubii。
  Upon　this　the　Tencteri；　a　tribe　separated　by　the　Rhine　from　the
  Colony；　sent　envoys　with　orders　to　make　known　their　instructions　to
  the　Senate　of　the　Agrippinenses。　These　orders　the　boldest　spirit　among
  the　ambassadors　thus　expounded：　〃For　your　return　into　the　unity　of　the
  German　nation　and　name　we　give　thanks　to　the　Gods　whom　we　worship　in
  common　and　to　Mars；　the　chief　of　our　divinities；　and　we　congratulate
  you　that　at　length　you　will　live　as　free　men　among　the　free。　Up　to
  this　day　have　the　Romans　closed　river　and　land　and；　in　a　way；　the　very
  air；　that　they　may　bar　our　converse　and　prevent　our　meetings；　or；　what
  is　a　still　worse　insult　to　men　born　to　arms；　may　force　us　to
  assemble　unarmed　and　all　but　stripped；　watched　by　sentinels；　and　taxed
  for　the　privilege。　But　that　our　friendship　and　union　may　be
  established　for　ever；　we　require　of　you　to　strip　your　city　of　its
  walls；　which　are　the　bulwarks　of　slavery。　Even　savage　animals；　if
  you　keep　them　in　confinement；　forget　their　natural　courage。　We　require
  of　you　to　massacre　all　Romans　within　your　territory；　liberty　and　a
  dominant　race　cannot　well　exist　together