something　that　might　lead　to　an　outbreak。　In　the　Upper　army；
  however；　the　4th　and　13th　legions；　which　were　stationed　in　the　same
  winter…quarters；　proceeded　on　this　same　first　of　January　to　break　in
  pieces　the　images　of　Galba；　the　4th　legion　being　foremost；　the　18th
  shewing　some　reluctance；　but　soon　joining　with　the　rest。　Not　however
  to　seem　to　throw　off　all　their　reverence　for　the　Empire；　they　sought
  to　dignify　their　oath　with　the　now　obsolete　names　of　the　Senate　and
  people　of　Rome。　Not　a　single　legate　or　tribune　exerted　himself　for
  Galba；　some；　as　is　usual　in　a　tumult；　were　even　conspicuously　active
  in　mutiny；　though　no　one　delivered　anything　like　a　formal　harangue
  or　spoke　from　a　tribunal。　Indeed　there　was　as　yet　no　one　to　be　obliged
  by　such　services。
  Hordeonius　Flaccus；　the　consular　legate；　was　present　and　witnessed
  this　outrage；　but　he　dared　neither　check　the　furious　mutineers；　nor
  keep　the　wavering　to　their　duty；　nor　encourage　the　well　affected。
  Indolent　and　timid；　he　was　reserved　from　guilt　only　by　his　sloth。　Four
  Centurions　of　the　18th　legion；　Nonius　Receptus；　Donatius　Valens；
  Romilius　Marcellus；　Calpurnius　Repentinus；　striving　to　protect　the
  images　of　Galba；　were　swept　away　by　a　rush　of　the　soldiers　and　put
  in　irons。　After　this　no　one　retained　any　sense　of　duty；　any
  recollection　of　his　late　allegiance；　but；　as　usually　happens　in
  mutinies；　the　side　of　the　majority　became　the　side　of　all。　In　the
  course　of　the　night　of　the　1st　of　January；　the　standard…bearer　of
  the　4th　legion；　coming　to　the　Colonia　Agrippinensis；　announced　to
  Vitellius；　who　was　then　at　dinner；　the　news　that　the　4th　and　18th
  legions　had　thrown　down　the　images　of　Galba；　and　had　sworn
  allegiance　to　the　Senate　and　people　of　Rome。　Such　a　form　of　oath
  appeared　meaningless。　It　was　determined　to　seize　the　doubtful
  fortune　of　the　hour；　and　to　offer　an　Emperor　to　their　choice。
  Vitellius　sent　envoys　to　the　legions　and　their　legates；　who　were　to
  say　that　the　army　of　Upper　Germany　had　revolted　from　Galba；　that　it
  was　consequently　necessary　for　them；　either　to　make　war　on　the
  revolters；　or；　if　they　preferred　peace　and　harmony；　to　create　an
  Emperor；　and　who　were　to　suggest；　that　it　would　be　less　perilous　to
  accept　than　to　look　for　a　chief。
  The　nearest　winter…quarters　were　those　of　the　first　legion；　and
  Fabius　Valens　was　the　most　energetic　of　the　legates。　This　officer　in
  the　course　of　the　following　day　entered　the　Colonia　Agrippinensis　with
  the　cavalry　of　the　legion　and　of　the　auxiliaries；　and　together　with
  them　saluted　Vitellius　as　Emperor。　All　the　legions　belonging　to　the
  same　province　followed　his　example　with　prodigious　zeal；　and　the
  army　of　Upper　Germany　abandoned　the　specious　names　the　Senate　and
  people　of　Rome；　and　on　the　3rd　of　January　declared　for　Vitellius。
  One　could　be　sure　that　during　those　previous　two　days　it　had　not
  really　been　the　army　of　the　State。　The　inhabitants　of　Colonia
  Agrippinensis；　the　Treveri；　and　the　Lingones；　shewed　as　much　zeal　as
  the　army；　making　offers　of　personal　service；　of　horses；　of　arms　and　of
  money；　according　as　each　felt　himself　able　to　assist　the　cause　by
  his　own　exertions；　by　his　wealth；　or　by　his　talents。　Nor　was　this　done
  only　by　the　leading　men　in　the　colonies　or　the　camps；　who　had　abundant
  means　at　hand；　and　might　indulge　great　expectations　in　the　event　of
  victory；　but　whole　companies　down　to　the　very　ranks　offered　instead　of
  money　their　rations；　their　belts；　and　the　bosses；　which；　richly
  decorated　with　silver；　adorned　their　arms；　so　strong　were　the
  promptings　from　without；　their　own　enthusiasm；　and　even　the
  suggestions　of　avarice。
  Vitellius；　after　bestowing　high　commendation　on　the　zeal　of　the
  soldiers；　proceeded　to　distribute　among　Roman　Knights　the　offices　of
  the　Imperial　court　usually　held　by　freedmen。　He　paid　the　furlough　fees
  to　the　centurions　out　of　the　Imperial　treasury。　While　in　most
  instances　he　acquiesced　in　the　fury　of　the　soldiers；　who　clamoured　for
  numerous　executions；　in　some　few　he　eluded　it　under　the　pretence　of
  imprisoning　the　accused。　Pompeius　Propinquus；　procurator　of　Belgica；
  was　immediately　put　to　death。　Julius　Burdo；　prefect　of　the　German
  fleet；　he　contrived　to　withdraw　from　the　scene　of　danger。　The
  resentment　of　the　army　had　been　inflamed　against　this　officer　by　the
  belief；　that　it　was　he　who　had　invented　the　charges　and　planned　the
  treachery　which　had　destroyed　Capito。　The　memory　of　Capito　was　held　in
  high　favour；　and　with　that　enraged　soldiery　it　was　possible　to
  slaughter　in　open　day；　but　to　pardon　only　by　stealth。　He　was　kept　in
  prison；　and　only　set　at　liberty　after　the　victory　of　Vitellius；　when
  the　resentment　of　the　soldiery　had　subsided。　Meanwhile；　by　way　of　a
  victim；　the　centurion　Crispinus　was　given　up　to　them；　this　man　had
  actually　imbued　his　hands　in　the　blood　of　Capito。　Consequently　he
  was　to　those　who　cried　for　vengeance　a　more　notorious　criminal；　and　to
  him　who　punished　a　cheaper　sacrifice。
  Julius　Civilis；　a　man　of　commanding　influence　among　the　Batavi；
  was　next　rescued　from　like　circumstances　of　peril；　lest　that
  high…spirited　nation　should　be　alienated　by　his　execution。　There
  were　indeed　in　the　territory　of　the　Lingones　eight　Batavian　cohorts；
  which　formed　the　auxiliary　force　of　the　14th　legion；　but　which　had；
  among　the　many　dissensions　of　the　time；　withdrawn　from　it；　a　body　of
  troops　which；　to　whatever　side　they　might　incline；　would；　whether　as
  allies　or　enemies；　throw　a　vast　weight　into　the　scale。　Vitellius
  ordered　the　centurions　Nonnius；　Donatius；　Romilius；　and　Calpurnius；　of
  whom　I　have　before　spoken；　to　be　executed。　They　had　been　convicted
  of　the　crime　of　fidelity；　among　rebels　the　worst　of　crimes。　New
  adherents　soon　declared　themselves　in　Valerius　Asiaticus；　legate　of
  the　Province　of　Belgica；　whom　Vitellius　soon　after　made　his
  son…in…law；　and　Junius　Blaesus；　governor　of　Gallia　Lugdunensis；　who
  brought　with　him　the　Italian　Legion　and　the　Taurine　Horse；　which　was
  stationed　at　Lugdunum。　The　armies　of　Rhaetia　made　no　delay　in　at
  once　joining　Vitellius；　and　even　in　Britain　there　was　no　hesitation。
  Of　that　province　Trebellius　Maximus　was　governor；　a　man　whose　sordid
  avarice　made　him　an　object　of　contempt　and　hatred　to　the　army。　His
  unpopularity　was　heightened　by　the　efforts　of　Roscius　Caelius；　the
  legate　of　the　20th　legion；　who　had　long　been　on　bad　terms　with　him；
  and　who　now　seized　the　opportunity　of　a　civil　war　to　break　out　into
  greater　violence。　Trebellius　charged　him　with　mutinous　designs；　and
  with　disturbing　the　regularity　of　military　discipline；　Caelius
  retorted　on　Trebellius　the　accusation　of　having　plundered　and
  impoverished　the　legions。　Meanwhile　all　obedience　in　the　army　was
  destroyed　by　these　disgraceful　quarrels　between　its　commanders；　and
  the　feud　rose　to　such　a　height　that　Trebellius　was　insulted　even　by
  the　auxiliaries；　and　finding　himself　altogether　isolated；　as　the
  infantry　and　cavalry　sided　with　Caelius；　he　fled　for　safety　to
  Vitellius。　Yet　the　province　still　enjoyed　tranquility；　though　its
  consular　governor　had　been　driven　from　it。　It　was　now　ruled　by　the
  legates　of　the　legions；　who　were　equal　as　to　lawful　authority；
  though　the　audacity　of　Caelius　made　him　the　more　powerful。
  After　the　army　of　Britain　had　joined　him；　Vitellius；　who　had　now　a
  prodigious　force　and　vast　resources；　determined　that　there　should　be
  two　generals　and　two　lines　of　march　for　the　contemplated　war。　Fabius
  Valens　was　ordered　to　win　over；　if　possible；　or；　if　they　refused　his
  overtures；　to　ravage　the　provinces　of　Gaul　and　to　invade　Italy　by
  way　of　the　Cottian　Alps；　Caecina　to　take　the　nearer　route；　and　to
  march　down　from　the　Penine　range。　To　Valens　were　entrusted　the
  picked　troops　of　the　army　of　Lower　Germany　with　the　eagle　of　the　5th
  legion　and　the　auxiliary　infantry　and　cavalry；　to　the　number　of　40；000
  armed　men；　Caecina　commanded　30；000　from　Upper　Germany；　the　strength
  of　his　force　being　one　legion；　the　21st。　Both　had　also　some　German
  auxiliaries；　and　from　this　source　Vitellius；　who　was　to　follow　with
  his　whole　military　strength；　completed　his　own　forces。
  Wonderful　was　the　contrast　between　the　army　and　the　Emperor。　The
  army　was　all　eagerness；　they　cried　out　war；　while　Gaul　yet　wavered；
  and　Spain　hesitated。　〃The　winter；〃　they　said；　〃the　delays　of　a
  cowardly　inaction　must　not　stop　us。　We　must　invade　Italy；　we　must
  seize　the　capital；　in　civil　strife；　where　action　is　more　needed　than
  deliberation；　nothing　is　safer　than　haste。〃　Vitellius；　on　the
  contrary；　was　sunk　in　sloth；　and　anticipated　the　enjoyment　of
  supreme　power　in　indolent　luxury　and　prodigal　festivities。　By　midday
  he　was　half…intoxicated；　and　heavy　with　food；　yet　the　ardour　and
  vigour　of　the　so