e　seed　of　Abraham　his　servant；　and　the　children　of　Jacob　his　chosen　（Psalm　cv。　5；　6）；　may　remember　his　marvellous　works　in　the　beginning　and　progress　of　the　planting　of　New　England；　his　wonders　and　the　judgments　of　his　mouth；　how　that　God　brought　a　vine　into　this　wilderness；　that　he　cast　out　the　heathen；　and　planted　it；　that　he　made　room　for　it　and　caused　it　to　take　deep　root；　and　it　filled　the　land　（Psalm　lxxx。　8；　9）。　　And　not　onely　so；　but　also　that　he　hath　guided　his　people　by　his　strength　to　his　holy　habitation　and　planted　them　in　the　mountain　of　his　inheritance　in　respect　of　precious　Gospel　enjoyments：　and　that　as　especially　God　may　have　the　glory　of　all　unto　whom　it　is　most　due；　so　also　some　rays　of　glory　may　reach　the　names　of　those　blessed　Saints　that　were　the　main　instruments　and　the　beginning　of　this　happy　enterprise。〃
  It　is　impossible　to　read　this　opening　paragraph　without　an　involuntary　feeling　of　religious　awe；　it　breathes　the　very　savor　of　Gospel　antiquity。　The　sincerity　of　the　author　heightens　his　power　of　language。　　The　band　which　to　his　eyes　was　a　mere　party　of　adventurers　gone　forth　to　seek　their　fortune　beyond　seas　appears　to　the　reader　as　the　germ　of　a　great　nation　wafted　by　Providence　to　a　predestined　shore。
  The　author　thus　continues　his　narrative　of　the　departure　of　the　first　pilgrims：　…
  〃So　they　left　that　goodly　and　pleasant　city　of　Leyden；　*g　which　had　been　their　resting…place　for　above　eleven　years；　but　they　knew　that　they　were　pilgrims　and　strangers　here　below；　and　looked　not　much　on　these　things；　but　lifted　up　their　eyes　to　Heaven；　their　dearest　country；　where　God　hath　prepared　for　them　a　city　（Heb。　xi。　16）；　and　therein　quieted　their　spirits。　When　they　came　to　Delfs…　Haven　they　found　the　ship　and　all　things　ready；　and　such　of　their　friends　as　could　not　come　with　them　followed　after　them；　and　sundry　came　from　Amsterdam　to　see　them　shipt；　and　to　take　their　leaves　of　them。　　One　night　was　spent　with　little　sleep　with　the　most；　but　with　friendly　entertainment　and　Christian　discourse；　and　other　real　expressions　of　true　Christian　love。　　The　next　day　they　went　on　board；　and　their　friends　with　them；　where　truly　doleful　was　the　sight　of　that　sad　and　mournful　parting；　to　hear　what　sighs　and　sobs　and　prayers　did　sound　amongst　them；　what　tears　did　gush　from　every　eye；　and　pithy　speeches　pierced　each　other's　heart；　that　sundry　of　the　Dutch　strangers　that　stood　on　the　Key　as　spectators　could　not　refrain　from　tears。　　But　the　tide　（which　stays　for　no　man）　calling　them　away；　that　were　thus　loth　to　depart；　their　Reverend　Pastor　falling　down　on　his　knees；　and　they　all　with　him；　with　watery　cheeks　commended　them　with　most　fervent　prayers　unto　the　Lord　and　his　blessing；　and　then；　with　mutual　embraces　and　many　tears　they　took　their　leaves　one　of　another；　which　proved　to　be　the　last　leave　to　many　of　them。〃
  ＇Footnote　g：　The　emigrants　were；　for　the　most　part；　godly　Christians　from　the　North　of　England；　who　had　quitted　their　native　country　because　they　were　〃studious　of　reformation；　and　entered　into　covenant　to　walk　with　one　another　according　to　the　primitive　pattern　of　the　Word　of　God。〃　They　emigrated　to　Holland；　and　settled　in　the　city　of　Leyden　in　1610；　where　they　abode；　being　lovingly　respected　by　the　Dutch；　for　many　years：　they　left　it　in　1620　for　several　reasons；　the　last　of　which　was；　that　their　posterity　would　in　a　few　generations　become　Dutch；　and　so　lose　their　interest　in　the　English　nation；　they　being　desirous　rather　to　enlarge　His　Majesty's　dominions；　and　to　live　under　their　natural　prince。　…　Translator's　Note。＇
  The　emigrants　were　about　150　in　number；　including　the　women　and　the　children。　　Their　object　was　to　plant　a　colony　on　the　shores　of　the　Hudson；　but　after　having　been　driven　about　for　some　time　in　the　Atlantic　Ocean；　they　were　forced　to　land　on　that　arid　coast　of　New　England　which　is　now　the　site　of　the　town　of　Plymouth。　　The　rock　is　still　shown　on　which　the　pilgrims　disembarked。　*h
  ＇Footnote　h：　This　rock　is　become　an　object　of　veneration　in　the　United　States。　I　have　seen　bits　of　it　carefully　preserved　in　several　towns　of　the　Union。　Does　not　this　sufficiently　show　how　entirely　all　human　power　and　greatness　is　in　the　soul　of　man？　　Here　is　a　stone　which　the　feet　of　a　few　outcasts　pressed　for　an　instant；　and　this　stone　becomes　famous；　it　is　treasured　by　a　great　nation；　its　very　dust　is　shared　as　a　relic：　and　what　is　become　of　the　gateways　of　a　thousand　palaces？＇
  〃But　before　we　pass　on；〃　continues　our　historian；　〃let　the　reader　with　me　make　a　pause　and　seriously　consider　this　poor　people's　present　condition；　the　more　to　be　raised　up　to　admiration　of　God's　goodness　towards　them　in　their　preservation：　for　being　now　passed　the　vast　ocean；　and　a　sea　of　troubles　before　them　in　expectation；　they　had　now　no　friends　to　welcome　them；　no　inns　to　entertain　or　refresh　them；　no　houses；　or　much　less　towns　to　repair　unto　to　seek　for　succour：　and　for　the　season　it　was　winter；　and　they　that　know　the　winters　of　the　country　know　them　to　be　sharp　and　violent；　subject　to　cruel　and　fierce　storms；　dangerous　to　travel　to　known　places；　much　more　to　search　unknown　coasts。　　Besides；　what　could　they　see　but　a　hideous　and　desolate　wilderness；　full　of　wilde　beasts；　and　wilde　men？　　and　what　multitudes　of　them　there　were；　they　then　knew　not：　for　which　way　soever　they　turned　their　eyes　（save　upward　to　Heaven）　they　could　have　but　little　solace　or　content　in　respect　of　any　outward　object；　for　summer　being　ended；　all　things　stand　in　appearance　with　a　weather…beaten　face；　and　the　whole　country　full　of　woods　and　thickets；　represented　a　wild　and　savage　hew；　if　they　looked　behind　them；　there　was　the　mighty　ocean　which　they　had　passed；　and　was　now　as　a　main　bar　or　gulph　to　separate　them　from　all　the　civil　parts　of　the　world。〃
  It　must　not　be　imagined　that　the　piety　of　the　Puritans　was　of　a　merely　speculative　kind；　or　that　it　took　no　cognizance　of　the　course　of　worldly　affairs。　　Puritanism；　as　I　have　already　remarked；　was　scarcely　less　a　political　than　a　religious　doctrine。　　No　sooner　had　the　emigrants　landed　on　the　barren　coast　described　by　Nathaniel　Morton　than　it　was　their　first　care　to　constitute　a　society；　by　passing　the　following　Act：
  〃In　the　name　of　God。　　Amen。　　We；　whose　names　are　underwritten；　the　loyal　subjects　of　our　dread　Sovereign　Lord　King　James；　etc。；　etc。；　Having　undertaken　for　the　glory　of　God；　and　advancement　of　the　Christian　Faith；　and　the　honour　of　our　King　and　country；　a　voyage　to　plant　the　first　colony　in　the　northern　parts　of　Virginia；　Do　by　these　presents　solemnly　and　mutually；　in　the　presence　of　God　and　one　another；　covenant　and　combine　ourselves　together　into　a　civil　body　politick；　for　our　better　ordering　and　preservation；　and　furtherance　of　the　ends　aforesaid：　and　by　virtue　hereof　do　enact；　constitute　and　frame　such　just　and　equal　laws；　ordinances；　acts；　constitutions；　and　officers；　from　time　to　time；　as　shall　be　thought　most　meet　and　convenient　for　the　general　good　of　the　Colony：　unto　which　we　promise　all　due　submission　and　obedience；〃　etc。　*i
  ＇Footnote　i：　The　emigrants　who　founded　the　State　of　Rhode　Island　in　1638；　those　who　landed　at　New　Haven　in　1637；　the　first　settlers　in　Connecticut　in　1639；　and　the　founders　of　Providence　in　1640；　began　in　like　manner　by　drawing　up　a　social　contract；　which　was　acceded　to　by　all　the　interested　parties。　See　〃Pitkin's　History；〃　pp。　42　and　47。＇
  This　happened　in　1620；　and　from　that　time　forwards　the　emigration　went　on。　　The　religious　and　political　passions　which　ravaged　the　British　Empire　during　the　whole　reign　of　Charles　I　drove　fresh　crowds　of　sectarians　every　year　to　the　shores　of　America。　　In　England　the　stronghold　of　Puritanism　was　in　the　middle　classes；　and　it　was　from　the　middle　classes　that　the　majority　of　the　emigrants　came。　　The　population　of　New　England　increased　rapidly；　and　whilst　the　hierarchy　of　rank　despotically　classed　the　inhabitants　of　the　mother…country；　the　colony　continued　to　present　the　novel　spectacle　of　a　community　homogeneous　in　all　its　parts。　　A　democracy；　more　perfect　than　any　which　antiquity　had　dreamt　of；　started　in　full　size　and　panoply　from　the　midst　of　an　ancient　feudal　society。
  Chapter　II：　Origin　Of　The　Anglo…Americans　…　Part　II
  The　English　Government　was　not　dissatisfied　with　an　emigration　which　removed　the　elements　of　fresh　discord　and　of　further　revolutions。　　On　the　contrary；　everything　was　done　to　encourage　it；　and　great　exertions　were　made　to　mitigate　the　hardships　of　those　who　sought　a　shelter　from　the　rigor　of　their　country's　laws　on　the　soil　of　America。　　It　seemed　as　if　New　England　was　a　region　given　up　to　the　dreams　of　fancy　and　the　unrestrained　experiments　of　innovators。
  The　English　colonies　（and　this　is　one　of　the　main　causes　of　their　prosperity）　have　always　enjoyed　more　internal　freedom　and　more　political　independence　than　the　colonies　of　other　nations；　but　this　principle　of　liberty　was　nowhere　more　extensively　applied　than　in　the　States　of　New　England。
  It　was　generally　allowed　at　that　period　that　the　territories　of　the　New　World　belonged　to　that　European　nation　which　had　been　the　first　to　discover　them。　　Nearly　the　whole　coast　of　North　America　thus　became　a　British　possession　towards　the　end　of　the　sixteenth　c