in　the　MS。　received；　has　been　made　for　the　purpose　of　throwing　the
  hurried　account　of　our　agent；　Mr。　Forsyth；　into　a　connected　and
  intelligible　form。
  〃THE　BALLOON。
  〃Two　very　decided　failures；　of　late　…　those　of　Mr。　Henson　and　Sir
  George　Cayley　…　had　much　weakened　the　public　interest　in　the　subject
  of　aerial　navigation。　　Mr。　Henson's　scheme　（which　at　first　was
  considered　very　feasible　even　by　men　of　science；）　was　founded　upon
  the　principle　of　an　inclined　plane；　started　from　an　eminence　by　an
  extrinsic　force；　applied　and　continued　by　the　revolution　of　impinging
  vanes；　in　form　and　number　resembling　the　vanes　of　a　windmill。　　But；
  in　all　the　experiments　made　with　models　at　the　Adelaide　Gallery；　it
  was　found　that　the　operation　of　these　fans　not　only　did　not　propel
  the　machine；　but　actually　impeded　its　flight。　The　only　propelling
  force　it　ever　exhibited；　was　the　mere　_impetus_　acquired　from　the
  descent　of　the　inclined　plane　；　　and　this　_impetus_　carried　the
  machine　farther　when　the　vanes　were　at　rest；　than　when　they　were　in
  motion　…　a　fact　which　sufficiently　demonstrates　their　inutility　；
  and　in　the　absence　of　the　propelling；　which　was　also　the　_sustaining_
  power；　the　whole　fabric　would　necessarily　descend。　　This
  consideration　led　Sir　George　Cayley　to　think　only　of　adapting　a
  propeller　to　some　machine　having　of　itself　an　independent　power　of
  support　…　in　a　word；　to　a　balloon　；　　the　idea；　however；　being　novel；
  or　original；　with　Sir　George；　only　so　far　as　regards　the　mode　of　its
  application　to　practice。　　He　exhibited　a　model　of　his　invention　at
  the　Polytechnic　Institution。　　The　propelling　principle；　or　power；　was
  here；　also；　applied　to　interrupted　surfaces；　or　vanes；　put　in
  revolution。　　These　vanes　were　four　in　number；　but　were　found　entirely
  ineffectual　in　moving　the　balloon；　or　in　aiding　its　ascending　power。
  The　whole　project　was　thus　a　complete　failure。
  〃It　was　at　this　juncture　that　Mr。　Monck　Mason　（whose　voyage　from
  Dover　to　Weilburg　in　the　balloon；　〃Nassau；〃　occasioned　so　much
  excitement　in　1837；）　conceived　the　idea　of　employing　the　principle　of
  the　Archimedean　screw　for　the　purpose　of　propulsion　through　the　air　…
  rightly　attributing　the　failure　of　Mr。　Henson's　scheme；　and　of　Sir
  George　Cayley's；　to　the　interruption　of　surface　in　the　independent
  vanes。　　He　made　the　first　public　experiment　at　Willis's　Rooms；　but
  afterward　removed　his　model　to　the　Adelaide　Gallery。
  〃Like　Sir　George　Cayley's　balloon；　his　own　was　an　ellipsoid。　　Its
  length　was　thirteen　feet　six　inches　…　height；　six　feet　eight　inches。
  It　contained　about　three　hundred　and　twenty　cubic　feet　of　gas；　which；
  if　pure　hydrogen；　would　support　twenty…one　pounds　upon　its　first
  inflation；　before　the　gas　has　time　to　deteriorate　or　escape。　　The
  weight　of　the　whole　machine　and　apparatus　was　seventeen　pounds　…
  leaving　about　four　pounds　to　spare。　　Beneath　the　centre　of　the
  balloon；　was　a　frame　of　light　wood；　about　nine　feet　long；　and　rigged
  on　to　the　balloon　itself　with　a　network　in　the　customary　manner。
  From　this　framework　was　suspended　a　wicker　basket　or　car。
  〃The　screw　consists　of　an　axis　of　hollow　brass　tube；　eighteen
  inches　in　length；　through　which；　upon　a　semi…spiral　inclined　at
  fifteen　degrees；　pass　a　series　of　steel　wire　radii；　two　feet　long；
  and　thus　projecting　a　foot　on　either　side。　　These　radii　are　connected
  at　the　outer　extremities　by　two　bands　of　flattened　wire　…　the　whole
  in　this　manner　forming　the　framework　of　the　screw；　which　is　completed
  by　a　covering　of　oiled　silk　cut　into　gores；　and　tightened　so　as　to
  present　a　tolerably　uniform　surface。　　At　each　end　of　its　axis　this
  screw　is　supported　by　pillars　of　hollow　brass　tube　descending　from
  the　hoop。　　In　the　lower　ends　of　these　tubes　are　holes　in　which　the
  pivots　of　the　axis　revolve。　　From　the　end　of　the　axis　which　is　next
  the　car；　proceeds　a　shaft　of　steel；　connecting　the　screw　with　the
  pinion　of　a　piece　of　spring　machinery　fixed　in　the　car。　　By　the
  operation　of　this　spring；　the　screw　is　made　to　revolve　with　great
  rapidity；　communicating　a　progressive　motion　to　the　whole。　　By　means
  of　the　rudder；　the　machine　was　readily　turned　in　any　direction。　　The
  spring　was　of　great　power；　compared　with　its　dimensions；　being
  capable　of　raising　forty…five　pounds　upon　a　barrel　of　four　inches
  diameter；　after　the　first　turn；　and　gradually　increasing　as　it　was
  wound　up。　　It　weighed；　altogether；　eight　pounds　six　ounces。　　The
  rudder　was　a　light　frame　of　cane　covered　with　silk；　shaped　somewhat
  like　a　battledoor；　and　was　about　three　feet　long；　and　at　the　widest；
  one　foot。　　Its　weight　was　about　two　ounces。　　It　could　be　turned
  _flat_；　and　directed　upwards　or　downwards；　as　well　as　to　the　right　or
  left　；　　and　thus　enabled　the　鎟onaut　to　transfer　the　resistance　of
  the　air　which　in　an　inclined　position　it　must　generate　in　its
  passage；　to　any　side　upon　which　he　might　desire　to　act　；　　thus
  determining　the　balloon　in　the　opposite　direction。
  〃This　model　（which；　through　want　of　time；　we　have　necessarily
  described　in　an　imperfect　manner；）　was　put　in　action　at　the　Adelaide
  Gallery；　where　it　accomplished　a　velocity　of　five　miles　per　hour；
  although；　strange　to　say；　it　excited　very　little　interest　in
  comparison　with　the　previous　complex　machine　of　Mr。　Henson　…　so
  resolute　is　the　world　to　despise　anything　which　carries　with　it　an
  air　of　simplicity。　　To　accomplish　the　great　desideratum　of　鎟ial
  navigation；　it　was　very　generally　supposed　that　some　exceedingly
  complicated　application　must　be　made　of　some　unusually　profound
  principle　in　dynamics。
  〃So　well　satisfied；　however；　was　Mr。　Mason　of　the　ultimate
  success　of　his　invention；　that　he　determined　to　construct
  immediately；　if　possible；　a　balloon　of　sufficient　capacity　to　test
  the　question　by　a　voyage　of　some　extent　…　the　original　design　being
  to　cross　the　British　Channel；　as　before；　in　the　Nassau　balloon。　　To
  carry　out　his　views；　he　solicited　and　obtained　the　patronage　of　Sir
  Everard　Bringhurst　and　Mr。　Osborne；　two　gentlemen　well　known　for
  scientific　acquirement；　and　especially　for　the　interest　they　have
  exhibited　in　the　progress　of　鎟ostation。　　The　project；　at　the　desire
  of　Mr。　Osborne；　was　kept　a　profound　secret　from　the　public　…　the　only
  persons　entrusted　with　the　design　being　those　actually　engaged　in　the
  construction　of　the　machine；　which　was　built　（under　the
  superintendence　of　Mr。　Mason；　Mr。　Holland；　Sir　Everard　Bringhurst；
  and　Mr。　Osborne；）　at　the　seat　of　the　latter　gentleman　near
  Penstruthal；　in　Wales。　　Mr。　Henson；　accompanied　by　his　friend　Mr。
  Ainsworth；　was　admitted　to　a　private　view　of　the　balloon；　on　Saturday
  last　…　when　the　two　gentlemen　made　final　arrangements　to　be　included
  in　the　adventure。　　We　are　not　informed　for　what　reason　the　two　seamen
  were　also　included　in　the　party　…　but；　in　the　course　of　a　day　or　two；
  we　shall　put　our　readers　in　possession　of　the　minutest　particulars
  respecting　this　extraordinary　voyage。
  〃The　balloon　is　composed　of　silk；　varnished　with　the　liquid　gum
  caoutchouc。　　It　is　of　vast　dimensions；　containing　more　than　40；000
  cubic　feet　of　gas　；　　but　as　coal　gas　was　employed　in　place　of　the
  more　expensive　and　inconvenient　hydrogen；　the　supporting　power　of　the
  machine；　when　fully　inflated；　and　immediately　after　inflation；　is　not
  more　than　about　2500　pounds。　　The　coal　gas　is　not　only　much　less
  costly；　but　is　easily　procured　and　managed。
  〃For　its　introduction　into　common　use　for　purposes　of
  aerostation；　we　are　indebted　to　Mr。　Charles　Green。　　Up　to　his
  discovery；　the　process　of　inflation　was　not　only　exceedingly
  expensive；　but　uncertain。　Two；　and　even　three　days；　have　frequently
  been　wasted　in　futile　attempts　to　procure　a　sufficiency　of　hydrogen
  to　fill　a　balloon；　from　which　it　had　great　tendency　to　escape；　owing
  to　its　extreme　subtlety；　and　its　affinity　for　the　surrounding
  atmosphere。　　In　a　balloon　sufficiently　perfect　to　retain　its　contents
  of　coal…gas　unaltered；　in　quantity　or　amount；　for　six　months；　an
  equal　quantity　of　hydrogen　could　not　be　maintained　in　equal　purity
  for　six　weeks。
  〃The　supporting　power　being　estimated　at　2500　pounds；　and　the
  united　weights　of　the　party　amounting　only　to　about　1200；　there　was
  left　a　surplus　of　1300；　of　which　again　1200　was　exhausted　by　ballast；
  arranged　in　bags　of　different　sizes；　with　their　respective　weights
  marked　upon　them　…　by　cordage；　barometers；　telescopes；　barrels
  containing　provision　for　a　fortnight；　water…casks；　cloaks；
  carpet…bags；　and　various　other　indispensable　matters；　including　a
  coffee…warmer；　contrived　for　warming　coffee　by　means　of　slack…lime；
  so　as　to　dispense　altogether　with　fire；　if　it　should　be　judged
  prudent　to　do　so。　　All　these　articles；　with　the　exception　of　the
  ballast；　and　a　few　trifles；　were　suspended　from　the　hoop　overhead。
  The　car　is　much　smaller　and　lighter；　in　proportion；　than　the　one
  appended　to　the　model。　　It　is　formed　of　a　light　wicker；　and　is
  wonderfully　strong；　for　so　frail　looking　a　machine。　　Its　rim　is　about
  four　feet　deep。　　The　rudder　is　also　very　much　larger；　in　proportion；
  than　that　of　the　model　；　　an