and　depending　upon；　that　of　the　orbs　of　the　planet　and　the
  satellites；　and　by　means　of　which　the　lives　and　destinies　of　the
  inhabitants　of　the　one　are　interwoven　with　the　lives　and　destinies　of
  the　inhabitants　of　the　other；　and　above　all；　if　it　so　please　your
  Excellencies　　above　all；　of　those　dark　and　hideous　mysteries　which
  lie　in　the　outer　regions　of　the　moon　　regions　which；　owing　to　the
  almost　miraculous　accordance　of　the　satellite's　rotation　on　its　own
  axis　with　its　sidereal　revolution　about　the　earth；　have　never　yet
  been　turned；　and；　by　God's　mercy；　never　shall　be　turned；　to　the
  scrutiny　of　the　telescopes　of　man。　All　this；　and　more…　much　more
  would　I　most　willingly　detail。　But；　to　be　brief；　I　must　have　my
  reward。　I　am　pining　for　a　return　to　my　family　and　to　my　home；　and　as
  the　price　of　any　farther　communication　on　my　part　　in　consideration
  of　the　light　which　I　have　it　in　my　power　to　throw　upon　many　very
  important　branches　of　physical　and　metaphysical　science　　I　must
  solicit；　through　the　influence　of　your　honorable　body；　a　pardon　for
  the　crime　of　which　I　have　been　guilty　in　the　death　of　the　creditors
  upon　my　departure　from　Rotterdam。　This；　then；　is　the　object　of　the
  present　paper。　Its　bearer；　an　inhabitant　of　the　moon；　whom　I　have
  prevailed　upon；　and　properly　instructed；　to　be　my　messenger　to　the
  earth；　will　await　your　Excellencies'　pleasure；　and　return　to　me　with
  the　pardon　in　question；　if　it　can；　in　any　manner；　be　obtained。
  〃I　have　the　honor　to　be；　etc。；　your　Excellencies'　very　humble
  servant；
  HANS　PFAALL。〃
  Upon　finishing　the　perusal　of　this　very　extraordinary　document；
  Professor　Rub…a…dub；　it　is　said；　dropped　his　pipe　upon　the　ground　in
  the　extremity　of　his　surprise；　and　Mynheer　Superbus　Von　Underduk
  having　taken　off　his　spectacles；　wiped　them；　and　deposited　them　in
  his　pocket；　so　far　forgot　both　himself　and　his　dignity；　as　to　turn
  round　three　times　upon　his　heel　in　the　quintessence　of　astonishment
  and　admiration。　There　was　no　doubt　about　the　matter　　the　pardon
  should　be　obtained。　So　at　least　swore；　with　a　round　oath；　Professor
  Rub…a…dub；　and　so　finally　thought　the　illustrious　Von　Underduk；　as　he
  took　the　arm　of　his　brother　in　science；　and　without　saying　a　word；
  began　to　make　the　best　of　his　way　home　to　deliberate　upon　the
  measures　to　be　adopted。　Having　reached　the　door；　however；　of　the
  burgomaster's　dwelling；　the　professor　ventured　to　suggest　that　as　the
  messenger　had　thought　proper　to　disappear　　no　doubt　frightened　to
  death　by　the　savage　appearance　of　the　burghers　of　Rotterdam　　the
  pardon　would　be　of　little　use；　as　no　one　but　a　man　of　the　moon　would
  undertake　a　voyage　to　so　vast　a　distance。　To　the　truth　of　this
  observation　the　burgomaster　assented；　and　the　matter　was　therefore　at
  an　end。　Not　so；　however；　rumors　and　speculations。　The　letter；　having
  been　published；　gave　rise　to　a　variety　of　gossip　and　opinion。　Some　of
  the　over…wise　even　made　themselves　ridiculous　by　decrying　the　whole
  business；　as　nothing　better　than　a　hoax。　But　hoax；　with　these　sort　of
  people；　is；　I　believe；　a　general　term　for　all　matters　above　their
  comprehension。　For　my　part；　I　cannot　conceive　upon　what　data　they
  have　founded　such　an　accusation。　Let　us　see　what　they　say：
  Imprimus。　That　certain　wags　in　Rotterdam　have　certain　especial
  antipathies　to　certain　burgomasters　and　astronomers。
  Don't　understand　at　all。
  Secondly。　That　an　odd　little　dwarf　and　bottle　conjurer；　both　of　whose
  ears；　for　some　misdemeanor；　have　been　cut　off　close　to　his　head；　has
  been　missing　for　several　days　from　the　neighboring　city　of　Bruges。
  Well　　what　of　that？
  Thirdly。　That　the　newspapers　which　were　stuck　all　over　the　little
  balloon　were　newspapers　of　Holland；　and　therefore　could　not　have　been
  made　in　the　moon。　They　were　dirty　papers　　very　dirty　　and　Gluck；
  the　printer；　would　take　his　Bible　oath　to　their　having　been　printed
  in　Rotterdam。
  He　was　mistaken　　undoubtedly　　mistaken。
  Fourthly；　That　Hans　Pfaall　himself；　the　druken　villain；　and　the　three
  very　idle　gentlemen　styled　his　creditors；　were　all　seen；　no　longer
  than　two　or　three　days　ago；　in　a　tippling　house　in　the　suburbs；
  having　just　returned；　with　money　in　their　pockets；　from　a　trip　beyond
  the　sea。
  Don't　believe　it　　don't　believe　a　word　of　it。
  Lastly。　That　it　is　an　opinion　very　generally　received；　or　which　ought
  to　be　generally　received；　that　the　College　of　Astronomers　in　the　city
  of　Rotterdam；　as　well　as　other　colleges　in　all　other　parts　of　the
  world；　　not　to　mention　colleges　and　astronomers　in　general；　　are；
  to　say　the　least　of　the　matter；　not　a　whit　better；　nor　greater；　nor
  wiser　than　they　ought　to　be。
  ~~~　End　of　Text　~~~
  Notes　to　Hans　Pfaal
  ｛*1｝　NOTEStrictly　speaking；　there　is　but　little　similarity　between
  the　above　sketchy　trifle　and　the　celebrated　〃Moon…Story〃　of　Mr。
  Locke；　but　as　both　have　the　character　of　_hoaxes　_（although　the　one
  is　in　a　tone　of　banter；　the　other　of　downright　earnest）；　and　as　both
  hoaxes　are　on　the　same　subject；　the　moonmoreover；　as　both　attempt
  to　give　plausibility　by　scientific　detailthe　author　of　〃Hans
  Pfaall〃　thinks　it　necessary　to　say；　in　_self…defence；　_that　his　own
  _jeu　d'esprit　_was　published　in　the　〃Southern　Literary　Messenger〃
  about　three　weeks　before　the　commencement　of　Mr。　L's　in　the　〃New　York
  Sun。〃　Fancying　a　likeness　which；　perhaps；　does　not　exist；　some　of　the
  New　York　papers　copied　〃Hans　Pfaall；〃　and　collated　it　with　the
  〃Moon…Hoax；〃　by　way　of　detecting　the　writer　of　the　one　in　the　writer
  of　the　other。
  As　many　more　persons　were　actually　gulled　by　the　〃Moon…Hoax〃　than
  would　be　willing　to　acknowledge　the　fact；　it　may　here　afford　some
  little　amusement　to　show　why　no　one　should　have　been　deceived…to
  point　out　those　particulars　of　the　story　which　should　have　been
  sufficient　to　establish　its　real　character。　Indeed；　however　rich　the
  imagination　displayed　in　this　ingenious　fiction；　it　wanted　much　of
  the　force　which　might　have　been　given　it　by　a　more　scrupulous
  attention　to　facts　and　to　general　analogy。　That　the　public　were
  misled；　even　for　an　instant；　merely　proves　the　gross　ignorance　which
  is　so　generally　prevalent　upon　subjects　of　an　astronomical　nature。
  The　moon's　distance　from　the　earth　is；　in　round　numbers；　240；000
  miles。　If　we　desire　to　ascertain　how　near；　apparently；　a　lens　would
  bring　the　satellite　（or　any　distant　object）；　we；　of　course；　have　but
  to　divide　the　distance　by　the　magnifying　or；　more　strictly；　by　the
  space…penetrating　power　of　the　glass。　Mr。　L。　makes　his　lens　have　a
  power　of　42；000　times。　By　this　divide　240；000　（the　moon's　real
  distance）；　and　we　have　five　miles　and　five　sevenths；　as　the　apparent
  distance。　No　animal　at　all　could　be　seen　so　far；　much　less　the　minute
  points　particularized　in　the　story。　Mr。　L。　speaks　about　Sir　John
  Herschel's　perceiving　flowers　（the　Papaver　rheas；　etc。）；　and　even
  detecting　the　color　and　the　shape　of　the　eyes　of　small　birds。　Shortly
  before；　too；　he　has　himself　observed　that　the　lens　would　not　render
  perceptible　objects　of　less　than　eighteen　inches　in　diameter；　but
  even　this；　as　I　have　said；　is　giving　the　glass　by　far　too　great
  power。　It　may　be　observed；　in　passing；　that　this　prodigious　glass　is
  said　to　have　been　molded　at　the　glasshouse　of　Messrs。　Hartley　and
  Grant；　in　Dumbarton；　but　Messrs。　H。　and　G。's　establishment　had　ceased
  operations　for　many　years　previous　to　the　publication　of　the　hoax。
  On　page　13；　pamphlet　edition；　speaking　of　〃a　hairy　veil〃　over　the
  eyes　of　a　species　of　bison；　the　author　says：　〃It　immediately　occurred
  to　the　acute　mind　of　Dr。　Herschel　that　this　was　a　providential
  contrivance　to　protect　the　eyes　of　the　animal　from　the　great　extremes
  of　light　and　darkness　to　which　all　the　inhabitants　of　our　side　of　the
  moon　are　periodically　subjected。〃　But　this　cannot　be　thought　a　very
  〃acute〃　observation　of　the　Doctor's。　The　inhabitants　of　our　side　of
  the　moon　have；　evidently；　no　darkness　at　all；　so　there　can　be　nothing
  of　the　〃extremes〃　mentioned。　In　the　absence　of　the　sun　they　have　a
  light　from　the　earth　equal　to　that　of　thirteen　full　unclouded　moons。
  The　topography　throughout；　even　when　professing　to　accord　with
  Blunt's　Lunar　Chart；　is　entirely　at　variance　with　that　or　any　other
  lunar　chart；　and　even　grossly　at　variance　with　itself。　The　points　of
  the　compass；　too；　are　in　inextricable　confusion；　the　writer　appearing
  to　be　ignorant　that；　on　a　lunar　map；　these　are　not　in　accordance　with
  terrestrial　points；　the　east　being　to　the　left；　etc。
  Deceived；　perhaps；　by　the　vague　titles；　Mare　Nubium；　Mare
  Tranquillitatis；　Mare　Faecunditatis；　etc。；　given　to　the　dark　spots　by
  former　astronomers；　Mr。　L。　has　entered　into　details　regarding　oceans
  and　other　large　bodies　of　water　in　the　moon；　whereas　there　is　no
  astronomical　point　more　positively　ascertained　than　that　no　such
  bodies　exist　there。　In　examining　the　boundary　between　light　and
  darkness　（in　the　crescent　or　gibbous　moon）　where　this　boundary
  crosses　any　of　the　dark　places；　the　line　of　division　is　found　to　be
  rough　and　jagged；　but；　were　the