第 13 节
作者:希望之舟      更新:2021-04-30 16:13      字数:9322
  were appointed by the Minister of that department on the recommendation
  of his assistant chiefs; of whom there was one in every district who was
  elected     by   the  people    after   having    passed    a  successful     examination
  showing their ability to do the work required of them。
  Every   person     appointed     to  office;  as  well   as  those   elected    by   the
  people; had to be examined physically; mentally and morally in the same
  manner as those applying for a license to practice a profession or desiring
  to marry。 All were placed on the same footing。 The law for divorce was
  enforced      by   the  Department      of   Health;    as  doctors    were;   from    their
  knowledge of human frailty; the best judges to decide whether a man and
  woman should live together in the married state or be separated; and while
  the law provided for a compulsory decree of divorce for adultery; which
  was a felony; it also allowed divorce for incompatibility of temperament。
  A   court   of   six   Government   physicians;   three   males   and   three   females;
  heard all divorce cases in every district。
  The Minister of Health gave me the reasons why the marriage law was
  passed fixing twenty…one years of age as the time when young men and
  women could marry。 He said it was done to allow the youths of both sexes
  to   become     well    acquainted     with   one   another    before   being    united   in
  marriage; and also to be well trained in useful callings; so that both parties
  to the marriage contract would be able to assist each other; for many an
  innocent young girl had ruined her life by marrying a man at an age when
  she   was   ignorant   of   the   duties   of   wifehood   and   motherhood;   〃but       by
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  keeping our boys and girls in training schools until they are eighteen and
  then teaching them trades in the Army until they are twenty…one years of
  age we fit them for the duties of life。〃
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  CHAPTER XVIII。
  A VISIT TO THE MINISTER OF STATE。
  Before     returning    to  the  United    States   of  America     I  called   on   the
  Minister of State; who is also the presiding officer of the Parliament; and
  told him that I would regard it as a great favor if he would tell me how
  such   changes   had   taken   place   in   the   Government   of   his   country   ;   〃for;〃
  said I; 〃from what I read about your Government when I was a boy it was
  an absolute monarchy; and one man's will was the law of the land。〃
  〃You have the key to the problem in that statement;〃 he replied; 〃for I
  am   free   to   confess   that   it   would   have   taken   centuries   to   have   brought
  about our present system of government under so…called democracy。 Near
  the middle of the last century an absolute ruler in our country by a stroke
  of his pen freed twenty…three millions of slaves; while in your country it
  required   four   years   of   bloody   war   at   a   cost   of   ten   thousand   millions   of
  dollars    and   the   lives  of   one   million    of  brave   men;    and   through     the
  widespread       demoralization      that  ensued    through     your   bravest   and    best
  being     killed  or  giving    to  the  corrupt    element    in  your    country    (for  a
  dishonest man is always a coward) the opportunity to inaugurate a reign of
  monopoly  where   graft   and   bribery   flourishes   and   the   slave   element   that
  you freed are a menace (and will be as long as they remain in the country)
  to society。
  〃The last absolute ruler we had was one of those great men that God in
  His infinite wisdom brings into the world at stated intervals to exercise a
  dominating   influence   in   human   affairs   and   to   give   a   fresh   impetus   to
  human progress。 Of the great men that we class with him are the following:
  Confucius;   Buddha   ;   Julius   Caesar;   Oliver   Cromwell; Abraham   Lincoln。
  The first thing he did when he became Emperor was to summon sixty of
  the   most   liberal   minded   men   and   women   in   the   empire   to   the   palace   to
  draw up under his supervision a political; civil and penal code; which with
  slight   modification   is   in   force   at   the   present   time;   and   he   called   all   the
  newspaper       editors   into   conference     and    asked    them    to  assist  him    in
  promoting the welfare of the people and then he issued a decree granting
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  liberty of speech and of the press throughout Eurasia; which he announced
  as the name of the Empire in future; and the reason that he gave for it was
  that   his  people    were    composed      of  a  great   many    nationalities    and   by
  dividing the empire into districts and numbering them in arithmetical order
  he abolished the old political divisions and he also decreed that the present
  language we speak should be the official language of the empire for the
  ancient language of the ruling class had created a bitter feeling amongst
  great   numbers   of     the   people   and   besides   the   present   had   become     the
  commercial language of the world。
  〃He   reorganized   the   Cabinet   into   fourteen   departments   and   held   the
  Minister   at   the   head   of   each   department   responsible。   He   converted   the
  Army      and   Navy    (who    were    eating   up   the  hard…earned      wages    of  the
  working men and women of our land in idleness and dissipation); into a
  great    industrial   army    and   assigned    them    to  work    under    the  different
  departments       as   they   were    required;    weeding     out   the   worthless     and
  reducing to the ranks all officers that conducted themselves in a manner
  unbecoming a gentleman and by election of officers giving every soldier
  equal     opportunity     to   rise  to   the   highest    rank。   This   great    measure
  eliminated the aristocracy in the Army and made the Emperor the idol of
  the soldiers; so that from that time forward every effort of the aristocracy
  to   oppose   the   Emperor   in   giving   to   the   country   a   Government   by   the
  people     was   futile  for  the  Army   supported       him   with   a  force   that  was
  irresistible。   He   ordered   the   districts   laid   out   according   to  latitude   and
  longitude; making due allowance for population; the smallest district being
  one degree of latitude in breadth and two degrees of longitude in length;
  and the largest (which were situated in the frozen regions of the Arctic or
  in the great desert) five degrees of latitude in breadth and ten degrees of
  longitude in length; and when they were surveyed he ordered that the land
  should be assessed without improvements at its full value; and the owner
  had to swear that he would sell to the Government the land at its assessed
  valuation。
  〃The aristocracy almost to a man swore to a low valuation; so when
  five    years   had   passed    the  Emperor      issued   a   decree   appropriating      to
  Government use all land over and above six hundred and forty acres held
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  by private owners and paying for it one…fifth of the total assessment for the
  previous   five   years   with   twenty   per   cent。   added   for   improvements;   the
  aristocracy  had   to   accept   it   and   their   power   was   broken   forever;   for   the
  Emperor leased the land to the cultivators of the soil at the rate of four per
  cent。    per   annum   of    the   price   that  the   Government       paid   for   the  land;
  dividing     the   land   into   small   farms    and   giving    the   renter   the  right   of
  purchase at any time。
  〃The     aristocracy     and   the   Church     have    been   in   every   country     the
  enemies of liberty and human progress。 The Emperor saw the evil effects
  of the liquor traffic and to abate the evil he abolished the manufacture and
  sale of liquors by individuals and placed their manufacture and sale in the
  care    of   the  Department       of  Manufactures        and   year   by   year   he   added
  tobacco; drugs and chemicals; sugar; salt; tea; coffee; coal oil; stone coal;
  charcoal   and   all   the   metals;   and   placed   the   coinage   and   currency  of   the
  Empire under the control of the Department of Finance known throughout
  the   world   as   the   Bank   of   Eurasia。   He   established   our   pres