were　growing　up。　Sentinel　Butte；　the　rocky　fastness　of　the
  plains；　was　claimed　by　many　that　were　big　and　strong；　the　weaker
  must　move　out；　and　with　them　Yellow　Wolf　and　the　Dusky　Cub。
  Wolves　have　no　language　in　the　sense　that　man　has；　their
  vocabulary　is　probably　limited　to　a　dozen　howls；　barks；　and
  grunts　expressing　the　simplest　emotions；　but　they　have　several
  other　modes　of　conveying　ideas；　and　one　very　special　method　of
  spreading　informationthe　Wolf…telephone。　Scattered　over　their
  range　are　a　number　of　recognized　〃centrals。〃　Sometimes　these　are
  stones；　sometimes　the　angle　of　cross…trails；　sometimes　a
  Buffalo…skullindeed；　any　conspicuous　object　near　a　main　trail
  is　used。　A　Wolf　calling　here；　as　a　Dog　does　at　a　telegraph　post；
  or　a　Muskrat　at　a　certain　mud…pie　point；　leaves　his　body…scent
  and　learns　what　other　visitors　have　been　there　recently　to　do　the
  same。　He　learns　also　whence　they　came　and　where　they　went；　as
  well　as　something　about　their　condition；　whether　hunted；　hungry；
  gorged；　or　sick。　By　this　system　of　registration　a　Wolf　knows
  where　his　friends；　as　well　as　his　foes；　are　to　be　found。　And
  Duskymane；　following　after　the　Yellow　Wolf；　was　taught　the　places
  and　uses　of　the　many　signal…stations　without　any　conscious
  attempt　at　teaching　on　the　part　of　his　foster…mother。　Example
  backed　by　his　native　instincts　was　indeed　the　chief　teacher；　but
  on　one　occasion　at　least　there　was　something　very　like　the　effort
  of　a　human　parent　to　guard　her　child　in　danger。
  The　Dark　Cub　had　learned　the　rudiments　of　Wolf　life：　that　the　way
  to　fight　Dogs　is　to　run；　and　to　fight　as　you　run；　never　grapple；
  but　snap；　snap；　snap；　and　make　for　the　rough　country　where　Horses
  cannot　bring　their　riders。
  He　learned　not　to　bother　about　the　Coyotes　that　follow　for　the
  pickings　when　you　hunt；　you　cannot　catch　them　and　they　do　you　no
  harm。
  He　knew　he　must　not　waste　time　dashing　after　Birds　that　alight　on
  the　ground；　and　that　he　must　keep　away　from　the　little　black　and
  white　Animal　with　the　bushy　tail。　It　is　not　very　good　to　eat；　and
  it　is　very；　very　bad　to　smell。
  Poison！　Oh；　he　never　forgot　that　smell　from　the　day　when　the　den
  was　cleared　of　all　his　foster…brothers。
  He　now　knew　that　the　first　move　in　attacking　Sheep　was　to　scatter
  them；　a　lone　Sheep　is　a　foolish　and　easy　prey；　that　the　way　to
  round　up　a　band　of　Cattle　was　to　frighten　a　Calf。
  He　learned　that　he　must　always　attack　a　Steer　behind；　a　Sheep　in
  front；　and　a　Horse　in　the　middle；　that　is；　on　the　flank；　and
  never；　never　attack　a　man　at　all；　never　even　face　him。　But　an
  important　lesson　was　added　to　these；　one　in　which　the　mother
  consciously　taught　him　of　a　secret　foe。
  V
  THE　LESSON　ON　TRAPS
  A　Calf　had　died　in　branding…time　and　now；　two　weeks　later；　was　in
  its　best　state　for　perfect　taste；　not　too　fresh；　not
  over…ripethat　is；　in　a　Wolf's　opinion　…and　the　wind　carried
  this　information　afar。　The　Yellow　Wolf　and　Duskymane　were　out　for
  supper；　though　not　yet　knowing　where；　when　the　tidings　of　veal
  arrived；　and　they　trotted　up　the　wind。　The　Calf　was　in　an　open
  place；　and　plain　to　be　seen　in　the　moonlight。　A　Dog　would　have
  trotted　right　up　to　the　carcass；　an　　old…time　Wolf　might　have
  done　so；　but　constant　war　had　developed　constant　vigilance　in　the
  Yellow　Wolf；　and　trusting　nothing　and　no　one　but　her　nose；　she
  slacked　her　speed　to　a　walk。　On　coming　in　easy　view　she　stopped；
  and　for　long　swung　her　nose；　submitting　the　wind　to　the　closest
  possible　chemical　analysis。　She　tried　it　with　her　finest　tests；
  blew　all　the　membranes　clean　again　and　tried　it　once　more；　and
  this　was　the　report　of　the　trusty　nostrils；　yes；　the　unanimous
  report。　First；　rich　and　racy　smell　of　Calf；　seventy　per　cent。；
  smells　of　grass；　bugs；　wood；　flowers；　trees；　sand；　and　other
  uninteresting　negations；　fifteen　per　cent。；　smell　of　her　Cub　and
  herself；　positive　but　ignorable；　ten　per　cent。；　smell　of　human
  tracks；　two　per　cent。；　smell　of　smoke；　one　per　cent。；　of　sweaty
  leather　smell；　one　per　cent。；　of　human　body…scent　（not
  discernible　in　some　samples）；　one…half　per　cent。；　smell　of　iron；
  a　trace。
  The　old　Wolf　crouched　a　little　but　sniffed　hard　with　swinging
  nose；　the　young　Wolf　imitatively　did　the　same。　She　backed　off　to
  a　greater　distance；　the　Cub　stood。　She　gave　a　low　whine；　he
  followed　unwillingly。　She　circled　around　the　tempting　carcass；　a
  new　smell　was　recordedCoyote　trail…scent；　soon　followed　by
  Coyote　body…scent。　Yes；　there　they　were　sneaking　along　a　near
  ridge；　and　now　as　she　passed　to　one　side　the　samples　changed；　the
  wind　had　lost　nearly　every　trace　of　Calf；　miscellaneous；
  commonplace；　and　uninteresting　smells　were　there　instead。　The
  human　track…scent　was　as　before；　the　trace　of　leather　was　gone；
  but　fully　one…half　per　cent；　of　iron…odor；　and　body　smell　of　man
  raised　to　nearly　two　per　cent。
  Fully　alarmed；　she　conveyed　her　fear　to　the　Cub；　by　her　rigid
  pose；　her　air　intent；　and　her　slightly　bristling　mane。
  She　continued　her　round。　At　one　time　on　a　high　place　the　human
  body　scent　was　doubly　strong；　then　as　she　dropped　it　faded。　Then
  the　wind　brought　the　full　calf…odor　with　several　track…scents　of
  Coyotes　and　sundry　Birds。　Her　suspicions　were　lulling　as　in　a
  smalling　circle　she　neared　the　tempting　feast　from　the　windward
  side。　She　had　even　advanced　straight　toward　it　for　a　few　steps
  when　the　sweaty　leather　sang　loud　and　strong　again；　and　smoke　and
  iron　mingled　like　two　strands　of　a　parti…colored　yarn。　Centring
  all　her　attention　on　this；　she　advanced　within　two　leaps　of　the
  Calf。　There　on　the　ground　was　a　scrap　of　leather；　telling　also　of
  a　human　touch；　close　at　hand　the　Calf；　and　now　the　iron　and　smoke
  on　the　full　vast　smell　of　Calf　were　like　a　snake　trail　across　the
  trail　of　a　whole　Beef　herd。　It　was　so　slight　that　the　Cub；　with
  the　appetite　and　impatience　of　youth；　pressed　up　against　his
  mother's　shoulder　to　go　past　and　eat　without　delay。　She　seized
  him　by　the　neck　and　flung　him　back。　A　stone　struck　by　his　feet
  rolled　forward　and　stopped　with　a　peculiar　clink。　The　danger
  smell　was　greatly　increased　at　this；　and　the　Yellow　Wolf　backed
  slowly　from　the　feast；　the　Cub　unwillingly　following。
  As　he　looked　wistfully　he　saw　the　Coyotes　drawing　nearer；　mindful
  chiefly　to　avoid　the　Wolves。　He　watched　their　really　cautious
  advance；　it　seemed　like　heedless　rushing　compared　with　his
  mother's　approach。　The　Calf　smell　rolled　forth　in　exquisite　and
  overpowering　excellence　now；　for　they　were　tearing　the
  meat；　when　a　sharp　clank　was　heard　and　a　yelp　from　a　Coyote。　At
  the　same　time　the　quiet　night　was　shocked　with　a　roar　and　a　flash
  of　fire。　Heavy　shots　spattered　Calf　and　Coyotes；　and　yelping　like
  beaten　Dogs　they　scattered；　excepting　one　that　was　killed　and　a
  second　struggling　in　the　trap　set　here　by　the　ever…active
  wolvers。　The　air　was　charged　with　the　hateful　smells　redoubled
  now；　and　horrid　smells　additional。　The　Yellow　Wolf　glided　down　a
  hollow　and　led　her　Cub　away　in　flight；　but；　as　they　went；　they
  saw　a　man　rush　from　the　bank　near　where　the　mother's　nose　had
  warned　her　of　the　human　scent。　They　saw　him　kill　the　caught
  Coyote　and　set　the　traps　for　more。
  VI
  THE　BEGUILING　OF　THE　YELLOW　WOLF
  The　life　game　is　a　hard　game；　for　we　may　win　ten　thousand　times；
  and　if　we　fail　but　once　our　gain　is　gone。　How　many　hundred　times
  had　the　Yellow　Wolf　scorned　the　traps；　how　many　Cubs　she　had
  trained　to　do　the　same！　Of　all　the　dangers　to　her　life　she　best
  knew　traps。
  October　had　come；　the　Cub　was　now　much　taller　than　the　mother。
  The　wolver　had　seen　them　oncea　Yellow　Wolf　followed　by　another；
  whose　long；　awkward　legs；　big；　soft　feet；　thin　neck；　and　skimpy
  tail　proclaimed　him　this　year's　Cub。　The　record　of　the　dust　and
  sand　said　that　the　old　one　had　lost　a　right　front　toe；　and　that
  the　young　one　was　of　giant　size。
  It　was　the　wolver　that　thought　to　turn　the　carcass　of　the　Calf　to
  profit；　but　he　was　disappointed　in　getting　Coyotes　instead　of
  Wolves。　It　was　the　beginning　of　the　trapping　season；　for　this
  month　fur　is　prime。　A　young　trapper　often　fastens　the　bait　on　the
  trap；　an　experienced　one　does　not。　A　good　trapper　will　even　put
  the　bait　at　one　place　and　the　trap　ten　or　twenty　feet　away；　but
  at　a　spot　that　the　Wolf　is　likely　to　cross　in　circling。　A
  favorite　plan　is　to　hide　three　or　four　traps　around　an　open
  place；　and　scatter　some　scraps　of　meat　in　the　middle。　The　traps
  are　buried　out　of　sight　after　being　smoked　to　hide　the　taint　of
  hands　and　iron。　Sometimes　no　bait　is　used　except　a　little　piece
  of　cotton　or　a　tuft　of　feathers　that　may　catch　the　Wolf's　eye　or
  pique　its　curiosity　and　tempt　it　to　circle　on　the　fateful；
  treacherous　ground。　A　good　trapper　varies　his　methods　continually
  so　that　the　Wolves　cannot　learn　his　ways。　Their　only　safeguards
  are　perpetual　vigilance　and　distrust　of　all　smells　that　are　known
  to　be　of　man。
  The　wolver；　with　a　load　of　the　strongest　steel　traps；　had　begun
  his　autumn　work　on　the　'Cottonwood。'
  An　old　Buffalo　trail　crossing　the　river　followed　a　little　draw
  that　climbed　the　hills　to　the　level　upland。　All　animals　use　these
  trails；　Wolves　and　Foxes　as　well　as　Cattle　and　Deer：　they　are　the
  main　thoroughfares。　A　cottonwood　stump　not　far　from　where　it
  plunged　to