id　that　the　king　was　getting　ready　a　small　expedition　of　seven　thousand　men　to　send　against　one　of　his　vassals；　who　had　risen　up　in　rebellion　and　seized　the　city　of　Pergunda　（？　Pennakonda）；　saying　that　it　belonged　to　himself　by　right；　and　that　after　he　had　taken　the　rebel　the　king　would　proceed　to　certain　places　on　the　sea…coast。　Fr。　Luis　professed　himself　unable　to　understand　the　drift　of　this　latter　design；　but　warned　Albuquerque　to　be　careful。　He　advised　him　to　keep　up　friendly　communications　with　the　king；　and　by　no　means　to　place　any　reliance　on　the　man　on　whom；　of　all　others；　the　Portuguese　had　pinned　their　faith　　one　Timoja；＇198＇　a　Hindu　who　had　befriended　the　new…comers。　The　priest　declared　that　Timoja　was　a　traitor　to　them；　and　had；　in　conjunction　with　the　king　of　Garsopa；　promised　Krishna　Deva　Raya　that　he　would　deliver　Goa　to　him　before　the　Portuguese　could　fortify　their　possessions　therein；　if　he　should　send　a　fully　equipped　army　to　seize　the　place。
  After　Albuquerque's　second　capture　of　Goa　the　chief　of　Bankapur　also　sent　messages　of　congratulation　to　the　Portuguese；　and　asked　for　permission　to　import　three　hundred　horses　a　year。　The　request　was　granted；　as　the　place　was　on　the　road　to　Vijayanagar；　and　it　was　important　that　its　chief　should　be　on　friendly　terms　with　the　Europeans。　Moreover；　Bankapur　contained　a　number　of　superior　saddlers。＇199＇
  Krishna　Deva's　anxiety　was　to　secure　horses。　He　must　have　thought　little　of　this　foreign　settlement　on　the　coast　as　a　political　power；　but　what　he　wanted　was　horses；　and　again　horses；　for　his　perpetual　wars　against　the　Adil　Shah；　and　Albuquerque；　after　toying　a　little　with　the　Muhammadan；　gratified　the　Hindu　by　sending　him　a　message　in　which　he　declared　that　he　would　prefer　to　send　cavalry　mounts　to　him　rather　than　to　supply　them　to　the　Sultan　of　Bijapur。
  About　the　year　1512　Krishna　Deva　Raya；　who　had；　taken　advantage　of　the　times　to　invade　the　Sultan's　dominions；　attacked　the　fortress　of　Raichur；　which　at　last　was　given　up　to　him　by　the　garrison；　Ismail　Adil　being　too　much　employed　in　attending　to　the　internal　affairs　of　his　government　to　afford　it　timely　relief。　So　says　Firishtah。＇200＇　This　event　is　not　noticed　by　Nuniz；　who　writes　as　if　the　Raya's　first　campaign　against　the　Adil　Shah　took　place　in　1520；　when　he　advanced　to　attack　Raichur；　it　being　then　in　the　Shah's　possession；　and　here　we　see　a　difference　between　the　story　of　Nuniz　and　the　story　of　Firishtah；　for　the　latter；　writing　of　the　same　event；　viz。；　the　campaign　of　1520；　states　that　〃Ismail　Adil　Shaw　made　preparations　for　marching　to　recover　Mudkal　and　Roijore　from　the　Roy　of　Beejanuggar；〃　he　having　taken　these　cities　about　1512；　as　narrated。　Which　account　is　correct　I　cannot　say。
  It　appears＇201＇　that　in　1514　A。D。　Krishna　Deva　offered　Albuquerque　＇pound　sterling＇　20；000　for　the　exclusive　right　to　trade　in　horses；　but　the　Portuguese　governor；　with　a　keen　eye　to　business；　refused。　A　little　later　the　Hindu　king　renewed　his　proposal；　declaring　his　intention　of　making　war　against　the　Adil　Shah；　and　the　Adil　Shah；　hearing　of　this　message；　himself　sent　an　embassy　to　Goa。　Albuquerque　was　now　placed　in　a　position　of　some　political　importance；　and　he　wrote　first　to　Vijayanagar　saying　that　he　would　give　the　Raya　the　refusal　of　all　his　horses　if　he　would　pay　him　30；000　cruzados　per　annum　for　the　supply；　and　send　his　own　servants　to　Goa　to　fetch　away　the　animals；　and　also　that　he　would　aid　the　king　in　his　war　if　he　was　paid　the　expense　of　the　troops；　and　he　wrote　afterwards　to　Bijapur　promising　the　Sultan　the　refusal　of　all　horses　that　came　to　Goa　if　he　would　surrender　to　the　king　of　Portugal　a　certain　portion　of　the　mainland　opposite　the　island。　Before　this　matter　was　settled；　however；　Albuquerque　died。
  We　learn　from　this　narrative　the　Krishna　Deva　Raya　was　meditating　a　grand　attack　on　the　Muhammadans　at　least　five　years　before　his　advance　to　Raichur　　a　year　even　before　his　expedition　against　Udayagiri　and　the　fortresses　on　the　east；　the　story　of　which　campaign　is　given　in　our　chronicle。
  We　have　an　account　of　what　Vijayanagar　was　like　in　A。D。　1504　　14　in　the　narrative　of　Duarte　Barbosa；　a　cousin　of　Magellan；　who　visited　the　city　during　that　period。
  Speaking　of　the　〃kingdom　of　Narsinga；〃　by　which　name　the　Vijayanagar　territories　were　always　known　to　the　Portuguese；　Barbosa　writes：＇202＇　〃It　is　very　rich；　and　well　supplied　with　provisions；　and　is　very　full　of　cities　and　large　townships。〃
  He　describes　the　large　trade　of　the　seaport　of　Bhatkal　on　its　western　coast；　the　exports　from　which　consisted　of　iron；　spices；　drugs；　myrabolans；　and　the　imports　of　horses　and　pearls；　but　as　regards　he　last　two　items　he　says；　〃They　now　go　to　Goa；　on　account　of　the　Portuguese。〃　The　governor　of　Bhatkal　was　a　nephew　of　King　Krishna　Deva。　〃He　lives　in　great　state　and　calls　himself　king；　but　is　in　obedience　to　the　king；　his　uncle。〃
  Leaving　the　sea…coast　and　going　inland；　Barbosa　passed　upwards　through　the　ghats。
  〃Forty…five　leagues　from　these　mountains　there　is　a　very　large　city　which　is　called　BIJANAGUER；　very　populous；　and　surrounded　on　one　side　by　a　very　good　wall；　and　on　another　by　a　river；　and　on　the　other　by　a　mountain。　This　city　is　on　level　ground；　the　king　of　Narsinga　always　resides　in　it。　He　is　a　gentile；　and　is　called　Raheni。＇203＇　He　has　in　this　place　very　large　and　handsome　palaces；　with　numerous　courts。。。。　There　are　also　in　this　city　many　other　palaces　of　great　lords；　who　live　there。　And　all　the　other　houses　of　the　place　are　covered　with　thatch；　and　the　streets　and　squares　are　very　wide。　They　are　constantly　filled　with　an　innumerable　crowd　of　all　nations　and　creeds。。。。　There　is　an　infinite　trade　in　this　city。。。。　In　this　city　there　are　many　jewels　which　are　brought　from　Pegu　and　Celani　（Ceylon）；　and　in　the　country　itself　many　diamonds　are　found；　because　there　is　a　mine　of　them　in　the　kingdom　of　Narsinga　and　another　in　the　kingdom　of　Decani。　There　are　also　many　pearls　and　seed…pearls　to　be　found　there；　which　are　brought　from　Ormuz　and　Cael　。。。　also　silk…brocades；　scarlet　cloth；　and　coral。。。。
  〃The　king　constantly　resides　in　the　before…mentioned　palaces；　and　very　seldom　goes　out　of　them。。。。
  〃All　the　attendance　on　the　king　is　done　by　women；　who　wait　upon　him　within　doors；　and　amongst　them　are　all　the　employments　of　the　king's　household；　and　all　these　women　live　and　find　room　within　these　palaces；　which　contain　apartments　for　all。。。。
  〃This　king　has　a　house＇204＇　in　which　he　meets　with　the　governors　and　his　officers　in　council　upon　the　affairs　of　the　realm。。。。　They　come　in　very　rich　litters　on　men's　shoulders。。。。　Many　litters　and　many　horsemen　always　stand　at　the　door　of　this　palace；　and　the　king　keeps　at　all　times　nine　hundred　elephants　and　more　than　twenty　thousand　horses；　all　which　elephants　and　horses　are　bought　with　his　own　money。。。。　This　king　has　more　than　a　hundred　thousand　men；　both　horse　and　foot；　to　whom　he　gives　pay。。。。
  〃When　the　king　dies　four　or　five　hundred　women　burn　themselves　with　him。。。。　The　king　of　Narsinga　is　frequently　at　war　with　the　king　of　Dacani；　who　has　taken　from　him　much　of　his　land；　and　with　another　gentile　king　of　the　country　of　Otira　（apparently　Orissa）；　which　is　the　country　in　the　interior。〃
  Barbosa　mentions　that　the　lord　of　Goa；　before　the　Portuguese　attack　on　the　place；　was　〃Sabaym　Delcani；〃　meaning　the　king　of　the　Dakhan；　and　he　alludes　to　its　first　capture　by　Albuquerque　on　25th　February　1510；　and　the　second　on　25th　November　of　the　same　year。
  We　learn　from　other　sources　that　about　this　time　Krishna　Deva　Raya　was　engaged　with　a　refractory　vassal　in　the　Maisur　country；　the　Ganga　Rajah　of　Ummatur；　and　was　completely　successful。　He　captured　the　strong　fortress　of　Sivasamudra　and　the　fortress　of　Srirangapattana；　or　Seringapatam；　reducing　the　whole　country　to　obedience。
  In　1513　A。D。　he　marched　against　Udayagiri；　in　the　present　district　of　Nellore；　an　exceedingly　strong　hill…fortress　then　under　the　king　of　Orissa；＇205＇　and　after　the　successful　termination　of　the　war　he　brought　with　him　from　a　temple　on　the　hill　a　statue　of　the　god　Krishna；　which　he　set　up　at　Vijayanagar　and　endowed　with　a　grant　of　lands。　This　is　commemorated　by　a　long　inscription　still　in　existence　at　the　capital。　It　was　then　that　the　great　temple　of　Krishnasvami　was　built；　which；　though　now　in　ruins；　is　still　one　of　the　most　interesting　objects　in　the　city。　This　is　also　attested　by　a　long　inscription　on　stone；　still　in　its　place。　The　king　further　built　the　temple　of　Hazara　Ramasvami　near；　or　in；　his　palace　enclosure；　at　the　same　time。
  Nuniz　relates　that　at　Udayagiri　Krishna　Raya　captured　an　aunt　of　the　king　of　Orissa　and　took　her　prisoner　to　Vijayanagar。　He　next　proceeded　against　Kondavid；　another　very　strong　hill…fortress　also　in　possession　of　the　king　of　Orissa；　where　he　met　and　defeated　the　king　in　person　in　a　pitched　battle；　and　captured　the　citadel　after　a　two　months'　siege。　He　left　Saluva　Timma　here　as　a　governor　of　the　conquered　provinces；　and　went　in　pursuit　of　his　enemy　northwards。　Nuniz　says　that　Saluva　Timma　appointed　his　own　brother　captain　of　Kondavid；　but　an　inscription　at　that　place　gives　us　the　name　of　this　man　as　Nadendla　Gopamantri；　and　calls　him　a　nephew　of　Timma。　Kondavid　seems　to　have　be