Deva　Raya　then　began　to　treat　for　peace；　and　was　compelled　to　submit　to　conditions　to　the　last　degree　humiliating。　He　agreed　to　give　the　Sultan　his　daughter　in　marriage；　to　indemnify　him　with　an　immense　treasure；　and　to　cede　for　ever　the　fort　of　Bankapur。＇96＇
  〃Though　the　roies　of　Carnatic　had　never　yet　married　their　daughters　but　to　persons　of　their　own　cast；　and　giving　them　to　strangers　was　highly　disgraceful；　yet　Dewul　Roy；　out　of　necessity；　complied；　and　preparations　for　celebrating　the　nuptials　were　made　by　both　parties。　For　forty　days　communication　was　open　between　the　city　and　the　sultan's　camp。　Both　sides　of　the　road　were　lined　with　shops　and　booths；　in　which　the　jugglers；　drolls；　dancers；　and　mimics　of　Carnatic　displayed　their　feats　and　skill　to　amuse　passengers。　Khankhanan　and　Meer　Fuzzul　Oollah；　with　the　customary　presents　of　a　bridegroom；　went　to　Beejanuggur；　from　whence　at　the　expiration　of　seven　days　they　brought　the　bride；　with　a　rich　portion　and　offerings　from　the　roy；　to　the　sultan's　camp。　Dewul　Roy　having　expressed　a　strong　desire　to　see　the　sultan；　Feroze　Shaw　with　great　gallantry　agreed　to　visit　him　with　his　bride；　as　his　father…in…law。
  〃A　day　being　fixed；　he　with　his　bride　proceeded　to　Beejanuggur；　leaving　the　camp　in　charge　of　Khankhanan。　On　the　way　he　was　met　by　Dewul　Roy　in　great　pomp。　From　the　gate　of　the　city　to　the　palace；　being　a　distance　of　six　miles；＇97＇　the　road　was　spread　with　cloth　of　gold；　velvet；　satin；　and　other　rich　stuffs。　The　two　princes　rode　on　horseback　together；　between　ranks　of　beautiful　boys　and　girls；　who　waved　plates　of　gold　and　silver　flowers＇98＇　over　their　heads　as　they　advanced；　and　then　threw　them　to　be　gathered　by　the　populace。　After　this　the　inhabitants　of　the　city　made　offerings；　both　men　and　women；　according　to　their　rank。　After　passing　through　a　square　directly　in　the　centre　of　the　city；＇99＇　the　relations　of　Dewul　Roy；　who　had　lined　the　streets　in　crowds；　made　their　obeisance　and　offerings；　and　joined　the　cavalcade　on　foot；　marching　before　the　princes。　Upon　their　arrival　at　the　palace　gate；　the　sultan　and　roy　dismounted　from　their　horses；　and　ascended　a　splendid　palanquin；　set　with　valuable　jewels；　in　which　they　were　carried　together　to　the　apartments　prepared　for　the　reception　of　the　bride　and　bridegroom；　when　Dewul　Roy　took　his　leave；　and　retired　to　his　own　palace。　The　sultan；　after　being　treated　with　royal　magnificence　for　three　days；　took　his　leave　of　the　roy；　who　pressed　upon　him　richer　presents　than　before　given；　and　attended　him　four　miles　on　his　way；　when　he　returned　to　the　city。
  〃Sultan　Feroze　Shaw　was　enraged　at　his　not　going　with　him　to　his　camp；　and　said　to　Meer　Fuzzul　Oollah　that　he　would　one　day　have　his　revenge　for　the　affront　offered　him　by　such　neglect。　This　declaration　being　told　to　Dewul　Roy；　he　made　some　insolent　remarks；　so　that；　notwithstanding　the　connection　of　family；　their　hatred　was　not　calmed。〃
  Firuz　returned　after　this　to　his　capital　and　sent　for　the　lovely　Pertal；　and　on　her　arrival；　finding　that　her　beauty　surpassed　all　report；　he　gave　her　in　marriage　to　his　eldest　son；　Hasan　Khan；　when　〃the　knot　was　tied　amid　great　rejoicings　and　princely　magnificence。〃　The　lady's　husband　is　described　by　Firishtah　as　being　〃a　weak　and　dissipated　prince。〃　He　was　heir　to　the　throne；　but　was　easily　ousted　by　the　valiant　Ahmad　〃Khankhanan；〃　and　lived　privately　at　Firuzabad；　〃entirely　devoted　to　redolence　and　pleasure。〃　The　last　we　hear　of　him　is　that　his　usurping　uncle；　Ahmad　Shah　I。；　treated　him　kindly；　〃gave　him　the　palace　of　Firozeabad　for　his　residence；　with　an　ample　jaghire　（estate）；　and　permission　to　hunt　or　take　his　pleasure　within　eight　miles　round　his　palace；　without　restriction　to　time　or　form。〃　Hasan　〃was　more　satisfied　with　this　power　of　indulging　his　appetites　than　with　the　charge　of　empire。　While　his　uncle　lived　he　enjoyed　his　ease；　and　no　difference　ever　happened　between　them；　but　he　was　afterwards　blinded　and　kept　confined　to　the　palace　of　Firozeabad。〃　This　must　have　been　after　A。D。　1434。
  Deva　Raya　I。　lived　till　at　least　1412　A。D。；　and　was　succeeded　by　his　son　Vira…Vijaya；　whom　Nuniz　calls　〃Visaya；〃　and　who；　he　says；　reigned　six　years。　The　last　extant　inscription　of　Deva　Raya　I。　is　dated　in　A。D。　1412　　13；　the　first　of　his　successor　Vijaya　in　1413　　14。　Vijaya's　last　known　inscription　is　one　of　1416　　17；　and　the　first　yet　known　of　his　successor；　his　eldest　son；　Deva　Raya　II。；　is　dated　Monday；　June　26；　1424　　25。　Nuniz　gives　Deva　Raya　II。　a　reign　of　twenty…five　years。
  I　am　inclined　to　think　that　Deva　Raya　II。　began　to　reign　in　1419；　for　the　following　reason。　The　informants　of　Nuniz　stated　that　during　Vijaya's　reign　he　〃did　nothing　worth　relating；〃　and　the　chronicle　records　that　during　the　reign　which　followed；　namely　that　of　Deva　Raya　II。；　there　was　〃constant　warfare。〃　Now　we　have　it　from　Firishtah　that　in　1417　Firuz；　Sultan　of　Kulbarga；　commenced　a　war　of　aggression　against　the　Hindus　of　Telingana　He　besieged　the　fortress　of　Pangul；＇100＇　seventy　miles　north…east　of　Adoni；　for　a　period　of　two　years；　but　the　attempt　to　reduce　it　ended　in　failure　owing　to　a　pestilence　breaking　out　amongst　both　men　and　horses。
  〃Many　of　the　first　nobility　deserted　the　camp　and　tied　with　their　followers　to　their　jaghires。　At　this　crisis　Dewul　Roy　collected　his　army；　and　having　obtained　aid　from　the　surrounding　princes；　even　to　the　Raja　of　Telingana　（Warangal）；　marched　against　the　sultan　with　a　vast　host　of　horse　and　foot。〃
  This　then　took　place　in　1419　A。D。；　and　since　this　energetic　action　was　not　consonant　with　the　character　of　Vijaya；　the　FAINEANT　sovereign；　〃who　did　nothing　worth　recording〃　in　all　his　career；　we　must　suppose　that　it　took　place　as　soon　as　Deva　Raya；　his　successor；　was　crowned；　when　the　nobles　surrounding　him　（he　was；　I　believe；　quite　young　when　he　began　to　reign）＇101＇　filled　with　zeal　and　ambition；　roused　the　Hindu　troops　and　in　the　king's　name　plunged　into　war　against　their　country's　hereditary　foe。
  If　this　be　correct；　the　reign　of　Deva　Raya　II。；　granting　that　it　lasted　as　stated　by　Nuniz　for　twenty…five　years；　ended　in　A。D。　1444。　Now　the　chronicle　tells　us　a　story　of　how　this　Deva　Raya's　son　and　successor；　〃Pina　Rao；〃＇102＇　was　attacked　by　his　nephew　with　a　poisoned　dagger；　and　died　from　the　effects　of　his　wounds　after　a　lapse　of　six　months。　Abdur　Razzak；　more　reliable　because　he　was　not　only　a　contemporary　but　was　at　Vijayanagar　at　the　time；　relates　the　same　anecdote　of　Deva　Raya　II。　himself；　making　the　would…be　assassin　the　king's　brother；　and　definitely　fixing　the　date　beyond　a　shadow　of　a　doubt。　The　event　occurred　on　some　day　between　November　1442　and　April　1443　　the　outside　limits　of　Razzak's　visit　to　Calicut　　during　his　stay　at　which　place　he　says　it　happened。　Abdur　Razzak　does　not　mention　the　king's　death；　and　this　therefore　had　not　supervened　up　to　the　time　of　the　traveller　leaving　the　capital　in　December　1443。　On　the　assumption　that　we　need　not　be　too　particular　about　Nuniz's　〃six　months；〃　we　may　conclude　that　the　attack　was　made　about　the　month　of　April　1443；　and　that　Deva　Raya　II。　died　early　in　1444　A。D。　There　is　still；　however；　a　difficulty；　as　will　be　noticed　below；　inscriptions　giving　us　the　name　of　a　Deva　Raya　as　late　as　1449　A。D。；　but　it　is　just　possible　that　this　was　another　king　of　the　same　name。
  Putting　together　the　facts　given　above；　we　find　that　the　twenty…five　years　of　the　reign　of　Deva　Raya　II。　lay　between　1419　and　1444　A。D。
  CHAPTER　6
  Deva　Raya　II。　（A。D。　1419　to　1444　or　（？）　1449）
  A　fresh　war；　1419　　Success　of　Vijayanagar　　Death　of　Firuz　　Sultan　Ahmad　attacks　Deva　Raya　　The　latter's　adventure　and　narrow　escape　　Ahmad　at　the　gates　of　the　city　　He　nearly　loses　his　life　　Submission　of　Deva　Raya　　Fall　of　Warangal　　Sultan　Ala…ud…din　　Deva　Raya's　precautions　　His　attempted　assassination；　1433　　The　story　as　told　by　Abdur　Razzak　　Expedition　against　Kulbarga　　Improvements　at　the　capital　　Probable　date　of　the　kings　death　　Was　there　a　King　Deva　Raya　III。？
  There　was　war　then　with　Kulbarga　in　1419；　Deva　Raya　II。　being　king　of　Vijayanagar。　The　Sultan　had　been　unsuccessful　in　his　attack　on　the　Warangal　fortress；　Pangul；　and　the　troops　of　Vijayanagar　marched　against　him　with　horse；　foot；　and　elephants。　Firuz　Shah　gave　battle　forthwith；　though　he　judged　his　forces　to　be　inferior。　Firishtah　does　not　mention　where　the　fight　took　place。
  〃Meer　Fuzzul　Oollah；　who　commanded　the　troops　of　Islaam；　charged　the　infidels　with　heroic　vigour；　and；　routing　their　center；　proceeded　to　attack　their　right　wing。　He　was　on　the　point　of　gathering　the　flowers　of　victory；　when　one　of　his　own　attendants；　bribed　for　the　purpose　by　Dewul　Roy；　gave　him　a　mortal　wound　on　the　head；　and　he　instantly　quaffed　the　sherbet　of　martyrdom。　This　fatal　event　changed　the　fortune　of　the　day；　the　sultan　was　defeated；　and　with　the　utmost　difficulty；　by　the　most　surprising　and　gallant　efforts；　made　his　escape　from　the　field。　The　Hindoos　made　a　general　massacre　of　the　mussulmauns；　and　erected　a　platform　with　their　heads　on　the　field　of　battle。　They　followed　the　sultan　into　his　own　country；　which　they　wasted　with　fire　and　sword；　took　many　places；　broke　down　many　mosques　and　holy　places；　slaughtered　the　people　without　mercy；　by　their　actions　seeming　to　d