第 37 节
作者:疯狂热线      更新:2021-03-16 00:36      字数:8543
  rotates in an irregular manner; sometimes stopping altogether。 When this
  happens;   the   skilful   pilot   forces   the   nose   of   his   machine   down;   and   so
  regains his normal flying speed; but if he allowed the propeller to stop and
  at   the   same   time   his   forward   speed   through   the   air   to   be   considerably
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  diminished; his machine would probably slip sideways through the air and
  crash   to   earth。   In   many   cases   side…slips   have   taken   place   at   aerodromes
  when the   pilot has   been   rounding   a   pylon   with   the   nose of   his   machine
  pointing upwards。
  When a machine flies round a corner very quickly the pilot tilts it to
  one side。 Such action as this is known as BANKING。 This operation can
  be witnessed at any aerodrome when speed handicaps are taking place。
  Since upside…down flying came into vogue we have heard a great deal
  about NOSE DIVING。 This is a headlong dive towards earth with the nose
  of the machine pointing vertically downwards。 As a rule the pilot makes a
  sharp nose dive before he loops the loop。
  Sometimes an aeroplane enters a tract of air where there seems to be
  no supporting power for the planes; in short; there appears to be; as it were;
  a HOLE in the air。 Scientifically there is no such thing as a hole in the air;
  but   airmen   are   more   concerned   with   practice than   with   theory;   and   they
  have; for their own purposes; designated this curious phenomenon an AIR
  POCKET。   In   the   early   days   of   aviation;   when   machines   were   far   less
  stable and pilots more quickly lost control of their craft; the air pocket was
  greatly dreaded; but nowadays little notice is taken of it。
  A   violent   disturbance   in   the   air   is   known   as   a   REMOUS。   This   is
  somewhat similar to an eddy in a stream; and it has the effect of making
  the machine fly very unsteadily。 Remous are probably caused by electrical
  disturbances of the atmosphere; which cause the air streams to meet and
  mingle; breaking up into filaments or banding rills of air。 The windthat is;
  air   in   motionfar   from   being   of   approximate   uniformity;   is;   under   most
  ordinary   conditions;   irregular   almost   beyond   conception;   and   it   is   with
  such   great   irregularities   in   the   force   of   the   air   streams   that   airmen   have
  constantly to contend。
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  CHAPTER XLIX The Future in the Air
  Three years before the outbreak of the Great War; the Master…General
  of   Ordnance;      who    was   in  charge    of  Aeronautics     at  the   War   Office;
  declared: 〃We are not yet convinced that either aeroplanes or air…ships will
  be of any utility in war〃。
  After four years of war; with its ceaseless struggle between the Allies
  and the Central Powers for supremacy in the air; such a statement makes
  us rub our eyes as though we had been dreaming。
  Seven yearsand in its passage the air encircling the globe has become
  one   gigantic battle   area;  the   British   Isles   have lost   the   age…long   security
  which     the  seas   gave    them;   and   to  regain   the   old  proud    unassailable
  position must build a gigantic aerial fleet as greatly superior to that of
  their neighbours as was; and is; the British Navy。
  Seven yearsand the monoplane is on the scrap…heap; the Zeppelin has
  come as a giant destroyerand gone; flying rather ridiculously before the
  onslaughts of its tiny foes。 In a recent article the editor of The Aeroplane
  referred to the erstwhile terror of the air as follows: 〃The best of air…ships
  is   at  the  mercy    of  a  second…rate     aeroplane〃。    Enough     to  make    Count
  Zeppelin turn in his grave!
  To…day in aerial warfare the air…ship is relegated to the task of observer。
  As   the   〃Blimp〃;   the   kite…balloon;   the   coast   patrol;   it   scouts   and   takes
  copious notes; but it leaves the fighting to a tiny; heavier…than…air machine
  armed     with   a  Lewis    gun;   and   destructive    attacks   to  those   big  bomb…
  droppers; the British Handley Page; the German Gotha; the Italian Morane
  tri…plane。
  The war in the air has been fought with varying fortunes。 But; looking
  back upon four years of war; we may say that; in spite of a slow start; we
  have managed to catch up our adversaries; and of late we have certainly
  dealt as hard knocks as we have received。 A great spurt of aerial activity
  marked the opening of the year 1918。 From all quarters of the globe came
  reports; moderate and almost bald in style; but between the lines of which
  the   average    man    could    read  word…pictures      of  the  skill;  prowess;    and
  ceaseless bravery of the men of the Royal Flying Corps and Royal Naval
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  Air   Service。   Recently   there   have   appeared   two   official   publications   '1';
  profusely illustrated with photographs; which give an excellent idea of the
  work   and   training   of   members   of   the   two   corps。   Forewords   have   been
  contributed   respectively   by   Lord   Hugh   Cecil   and   Sir   Eric   Geddes;   First
  Lord of the Admiralty。 These publications lift a curtain upon not only the
  activities     of   the   two    Corps;     but   the   tremendous       organization      now
  demanded by war in the air。
  '1' The Work and Training of the Royal Flying Corps and The Work
  and Training of the Royal Naval Air Service。
  All   this   to…day。   To…morrow   the   Handley   Page   and   Gotha   may   be
  occupying their respective niches in the museum of aerial antiquities; and
  we may be all agog over the aerial passenger service to the United States
  of America。
  For   truly;   in   the   science   of   aviation   a  day   is   a   generation;   and   three
  months   an   eon。   When   the   coming   of   peace   turns   men's   thoughts   to   the
  development   of   aeroplanes   for   commerce   and   pleasure   voyages;   no   one
  can foretell what the future may bring forth。
  At the time of writing; air attacks are still being directed upon London。
  But   the   enemy   find   it   more   and   more   difficult   to   penetrate   the   barrage。
  Sometimes         a  solitary    machine      gets    through。     Frequently      the   whole
  squadron of raiding aeroplanes is turned back at the coast。
  As for the military advantage the Germans have derived; after nearly
  four years of attacks by air; it may be set down as practically nil。 In raid
  after   raid   they   missed   their   so…called   objectives   and   succeeded   only   in
  killing noncombatants。 Far different were the aim and scope of the British
  air offensives into Germany and into country occupied by German troops。
  Railway   junctions;   ammunition   dumps;   enemy   billets;   submarine   bases;
  aerodromesthese were the targets for our airmen; who scored hits by the
  simple but dangerous plan of flying so low that misses were almost out of
  the question。
  〃Make sure of your objective; even if you have to sit upon it。〃 Thus is
  summed up; in popular parlance; the policy of the Royal Flying Corps and
  Royal   Naval Air   Service。 And   if   justification   were   heeded   of   this   strict
  limitation     of   aim;   it  will   be  found     in  the   substantial    military    losses
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  inflicted   upon   the   enemy   results   which   would   never   have   been   attained
  had our airmen dissipated their energies on non…military objectives for the
  purpose of inspiring terror in the civil population。
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