第 27 节
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疯狂热线 更新:2021-03-16 00:35 字数:9321
considerable damage to the docks and shipping。 The British ships
remained off the coast for three hours in order to pick up the returning
airmen; and during this time they were attacked by dirigibles and
submarines; without; however; suffering damage。 Six of the sea…planes
returned safely to the ships; but one was wrecked in Heligoland Bight。
But the present efficient sea…plane is a development of the war。 In the
early days many of the raids of the 〃naval wing〃 were carried out in land…
going aeroplanes。 Now the R。N。A。S。; which came into being as a separate
service in July; 1914; possess two main types of flying machine; the flying
boat and the twin float; both types being able to rise from and alight upon
the sea; just as an aeroplane can leave and return to the land。 Many
brilliant raids stand to the credit of the R。N。A。S。 The docks at Antwerp;
submarine bases at Ostend; and all Germany's fortified posts on the
Belgian coast; have seldom been free from their attentions。 And when;
under the stress of public outcry; the Government at last gave its consent
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to a measure of 〃reprisals〃 it was the R。N。A。S。 which opened the
campaign with a raid upon the German town of Mannheim。
As the war continued the duties of the naval pilot increased。 He played
a great part in the ceaseless hunt for submarines。 You must often have
noticed how easily fish can be seen from a bridge which are quite invisible
from the banks of the river。 On this principle the submarine can be
〃spotted〃 by air…craft; and not until the long silence upon naval affairs is
broken; at the end of the war; shall we know to what extent we are
indebted to naval airmen for that long list of submarines which; in the
words of the German reports; 〃failed to return〃 to their bases。
In addition to the 〃Blimps〃 of which mention has been made; the
Royal Naval Air Service are in charge of air…ships known as the Coast
Patrol type; which work farther out to sea; locating minefields and acting
as scouts for the great fleet of patrol vessels。 The Service has gathered
laurels in all parts of the globe; its achievements ranging from an aerial
food service into beleaguered Kut to the discovery of the German cruiser
Konigsberg; cunningly camouflaged up an African creek。
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CHAPTER XXXVII The First Man to Fly in
Britain
The honour of being the first man to fly in this country is claimed by
Mr。 A。 V。 Roe; head of the well…known firm A。 V。 Roe & Co。; of
Manchester; and constructor of the highly…efficient Avro machines。
As a youth Roe's great hobby was the construction of toy models of
various forms of machinery; and later on he achieved considerable success
in the production of aeroplane models。 All manner of novelties were the
outcome of his fertile brain; and as it has been truly remarked; 〃his
novelties have the peculiarity; not granted to most pioneers; of being in
one respect or another ahead of his contemporaries。〃 In addition; he
studied the flight of birds。
In the early days of aviation Mr。 Roe was a firm believer in the triplane
form of machine; and his first experiments in flight were made with a
triplane equipped with an engine which developed only 9 horse…power。
Later on; he turned his attention to the biplane; and with this craft he
has been highly successful。 The Avro biplane; produced in 1913; was one
of the very best machines which appeared in that eventful year。 The Daily
Telegraph; when relating its performances; said: 〃The spectators at
Hendon were given a remarkable demonstration of the wonderful qualities
of this fine Avro biplane; whose splendid performances stamped it as one
of the finest aeroplanes ever designed; if not indeed the finest of all〃。
This craft is fitted with an 80…horse…power Gnome engine; and is
probably the fastest passenger…carrying biplane of its type in the world。 Its
total weight; with engine; fuel for three hours; and a passenger; is 1550
pounds; and it has a main…plane surface of 342 square feet。
Not only can the biplane maintain such great speed; but; what is of
great importance for observation purposes; it can fly at the slow rate of 30
miles per hour。 We have previously remarked that a machine is kept up in
the air by the speed it attains; if its normal flying speed be much reduced
the machine drops to earth unless the rate of flying is accelerated by
diving; or other means。
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What Harry Hawker is to Mr。 Sopwith so is F。 P。 Raynham to Mr。 Roe。
This skilful pilot learned to fly at Brooklands; and during the last year or
two he has been continuously engaged in testing Avro machines; and
passing them through the Army reception trials。 In the 〃Aerial Derby〃 of
1913 Mr。 Raynham piloted an 80…horse…power Avro biplane; and came in
fourth。
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CHAPTER XXXVIII The Royal Flying Corps and
Royal Naval Air Service
The year 1912 was marked by the institution of the Royal Flying
Corps。 The new corps; which was so soon to make its mark in the greatest
of all wars; consisted of naval and military 〃wings〃。 In those early days
the head…quarters of the corps were at Eastchurch; and there both naval
and military officers were trained in aviation。 In an arm of such rapid
almost miraculousdevelopment as Service flying to go back a period of
six years is almost to take a plunge into ancient history。 Designs; engines;
guns; fittings; signals of those days are now almost archaic。 The British
engine of reliable make had not yet been evolved; and the aeroplane
generally was a conglomerate affair made up of parts assembled from
various parts of the Continent。 The present…day sea…plane was yet to come;
and naval pilots shared the land…going aeroplanes of their military brethren。
In the days when Bleriot provided a world sensation by flying across the
Channel the new science was kept alive mainly by the private enterprise of
newspapers and aeroplane manufacturers。 The official attitude; as is so
often the case in the history of inventions; was as frigid as could be。 The
Government looked on with a cold and critical eye; and could not be
touched either in heart or in pocket。
But with the institution of the Royal Flying Corps the official heart
began to warm slightly; and certain tests were laid down for those
manufacturers who aspired to sell their machines to the new arm of the
Service。 These tests; providing for fuel capacity up to 4。0 miles; speeds up
to 85 miles an hour; and heights up to 3500 feet; would now be regarded
as very elementary affairs。 〃Looping the loop〃 was still a dangerous trick
for the exhibiting airman and not an evolution; while the 〃nose…dive〃 was
an uncalculated entry into the next world。
The first important stage in the history of the new arm was reached in
July; 1914; when the wing system was abolished; and the Royal Naval Air
Service became a separate unit of the Imperial Forces。 The first public
appearance of the sailor airmen was at a proposed review of the fleet by
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the King at a test mobilization。 The King was unable to attend; but the
naval pilots carried out their part of the programme very creditably
considering the polyglot nature of their sea…planes。 A