threatened　to　be　a　war　of　extermination；　and　resulted　in　British
  interference；　and　the　appointment　of　a　Resident；　and　then　Chinese
  merchants　in　Pinang　made　advances　of　money　and　provisions　to　such　of
  their　countrymen　as　were　willing　to　work　the　abandoned　mines。　Very　soon
  the　population　increased　to　such　an　extent　that　it　became　necessary　to
  choose　sites　for　mining　towns；　granting　one　to　each　faction；　the　Go
  Kwan　town　being　called　Taipeng；　and　the　Si　Kwan　town　Kamunting。
  American　mining　enterprise　could　hardly　go　ahead　faster。　At　the　end　of
  1873　the　population　of　Larut　was　four　thousand；　the　men　of　the　fighting
  factions　only。　Eleven　months　later　these　two　mining　towns　contained
  nine　thousand　inhabitants；　a　tenth　of　whom　were　shopkeepers；　and　the
  district　thirty…three　thousand。　Larut　is　level　from　the　sea…shore　to
  the　mountain　range；　twenty　miles　inland；　and　is　very　uninteresting。
  We　have　been　in　a　gharrie　to　Kamunting；　a　Chinese　mining　town　of　four
  thousand　people；　three　miles　from　here；　approached　through　a　pretty
  valley　full　of　pitcher　plants　with　purple　cups　and　lids。　You　can
  imagine　the　joy　of　getting　into　my　hands　these　wonderful　nepenthes　or
  〃monkey　cups〃　for　the　first　time。　I　gathered　five　in　the　hope　of
  finding　one　free　from　insects；　but　the　cups　of　all　were　full　of　dried
  flies　and　ants；　looking　much　as　flies　do　when　they　have　been　clutched
  for　a　few　days　by　the　hairs　of　the　〃sun…dew。〃　The　lid　has　a　quantity　of
  nectar　on　its　under　side　which　attracts　insects；　but　below　the　rolled
  rim　of　the　cup；　which　is　slightly　corrugated；　the　interior　is　as　smooth
  as　glass；　and　the　betrayed　flies　must　fall　at　once　into　the　water　at
  the　bottom　and　be　drowned。　As　these　ingenious　arrangements　are　made　for
  their　destruction；　doubtless　the　plant　feeds　upon　their　juices。*
  ＇*I　have　since　learned　that　this　is　an　ascertained　fact；　and　that
  nepenthes　are　among　the　insectiverous　plants。＇
  We　went　first　to　a　very　large　tin　mine　belonging　to　a　rich　and　very
  pleasant…looking　Chinaman；　who　received　us　and　took　us　over　it。　The
  mine　is　like　a　large　quarry；　with　a　number　of　small　excavations　which
  fill　with　water；　and　are　pumped　by　most　ingenious　Chinese　pumps　worked
  by　an　endless　chain；　but　there　are　two　powerful　steam　pumps　at　work
  also。　　About　four　hundred　lean；　leathery…looking　men　were　working；
  swarming　up　out　of　the　holes　like　ants　in　double　columns；　each　man
  carrying　a　small　bamboo　tray　holding　about　three　pounds　of　stanniferous
  earth；　which　is　deposited　in　a　sluice；　and　a　great　rush　of　water　washes
  away　the　sand；　leaving　the　tin　behind；　looking　much　like　〃giant〃
  blasting　powder。　The　Chinese　are　as　much　wedded　to　these　bamboo　baskets
  as　to　their　pigtails；　but　they　involve　a　great　waste　of　labor。　A　common
  hoe　is　the　other　implement　used。　　The　coolies　are　paid　by　piece…work；
  and　are　earning　just　now　about　one　shilling　and　sixpence　per　day。
  Road…making　and　other　labor　is　performed　by　Klings；　who　get　one
  shilling　a　day。
  The　tin　is　smelted　during　the　night　in　a　very　rude　furnace；　with　most
  ingenious　Chinese　bellows；　is　then　run　into　moulds　made　of　sand；　and
  turned　out　as　slabs　weighing　66　lbs。　each。　The　export　duty　on　tin　is
  the　chief　source　of　revenue。　Close　to　the　smelting　furnaces　there　are
  airy　sheds　with　platforms　along　each　side；　divided　into　as　many　beds　as
  there　are　Chinamen。　A　bed　consists　only　of　a　mat　and　a　mosquito…net。
  There　are　all　the　usual　joss　arrangements；　and　time　is　measured　by　the
  burning　of　joss…sticks。　Several　rain…cloaks；　made　of　palm　leaves；　were
  hanging　up。　These；　and　nearly　all　the　other　articles　consumed　by　this
  large　population　are　imported　from　China。
  Our　Chinese　host　then　took　us　to　some　rooms　which　he　had　built　for　a
  cool　retreat；　to　which；　in　anticipation　of　our　visit；　he　had　conveyed
  champagne；　sherry；　and　bitter　beer！　　His　look　of　incredulity　when　we
  said　that　we　preferred　tea；　was　most　amusing；　but　on　our　persisting；　he
  produced　delicious　tea　with　Chinese　sweetmeats；　and　Huntley　and
  Palmer's　cocoa…nut　biscuits。　He　then　insisted　on　taking　our　hired
  gharrie　and　scrubby　pony　and　sending　us　on　in　his　buggy　with　a　fine
  Australian　horse；　but　Mr。　Maxwell　says　that　this　was　as　much　from
  policy　as　courtesy；　as　it　gives　him　importance　to　be　on　obviously
  friendly　terms　with　the　Resident。
  We　went　on　to　Kamunting；　a　forlorn　town；　mainly　built　of　attap；　with
  roads　and　ditches　needing　much　improvement；　and　I　bargained　for　some
  Chinese　purses　and　visited　a　gambling　saloon；　the　place　in　which　one
  sees　the　peculiar　expression　of　the　Chinese　face　at　its　fullest
  development。　There　is　nothing　very　shocking　about　it；　nothing　more　than
  an　intensified　love　of　gain　without　a　mask。　Each　coolie　takes　his　pipe
  of　opium　after　his　day's　work；　and　each　has　a　pot　of　tea　kept　always
  hot　in　a　thickly　wadded　basket；　a　luxury　which　no　Chinaman　seems　able
  to　do　without。
  We　called　at　a　Sikh　guard…house；　and　the　magnificent　sergeant　took　me
  to　see　his　wife；　the　woman　of　the　regiment；　who　is　so　rigidly　secluded
  that　not　even　the　commanding　officer　nor　Mr。　Maxwell　have　seen　her。　She
  is　very　beautiful；　and　has　an　exquisite　figure；　but　was　overloaded　with
  jewelry。　She　wore　a　large　nose…jewel；　seven　rings　of　large　size
  weighing　down　her　finely　formed　ears；　four　necklaces；　and　silver
  bangles　on　each　arm　from　the　wrist　to　the　elbow；　besides　some　on　her
  beautiful　ankles。　　She　had　an　infant　boy；　the　child　of　the　regiment；　in
  her　arms；　clothed　only　in　a　silver　hoop；　and　the　father　took　him　and
  presented　him　to　me　with　much　pride。　It　was　a　pleasant　family　group。
  The　few　days　here　have　been　a　real　rest；　I　have　been　so　much　alone。
  There　are　no　women　to　twitter；　and　when　Mr。　　Maxwell　is　not　at　work　he
  talks　of　things　that　are　worth　talking　about。　The　climate；　too；　is
  bracing　and　wholesome；　and　the　boisterous　afternoon　wind；　which　sweeps
  letters　and　papers　irreverently　away；　keeps　off　the　mosquitoes。
  I。　L。　B。
  LETTER　XX
  Novel　CircumstancesThe　Excitements　of　the　JungleEternal
  SummerThe　Sensitive　PlantThe　Lotus　Lake　of　Matang
  Elephant　UglinessA　Malay　MahoutA　Novel　Experience
  Domestic　PetsMalay　Hospitality…Land　Leeches〃A　Fearful
  Joy〃The　End　of　My　First　Elephant　RideKwala　Kangsa
  BRITISH　RESIDENCY；　KWALA　KANGSA；　February　16。
  This　is　rather　exciting；　for　I　have　had　an　unusual　journey；　and　my
  circumstances　are　unusual；　for　Mr。　Low；　the　Resident；　has　not　returned；
  and　I　am　not　only　alone　in　his　bungalow　in　the　heart　of　the　jungle；　but
  so　far　as　I　can　learn　I　am　the　only　European　in　the　region。
  〃Of　all　my　wild　adventures　past
  This　frantic　feat　will　prove　the　last；〃
  for　in　a　fortnight　I　propose　to　be　at　Pinang　on　my　way　to　conventional
  Ceylon；　and　the　beloved　〃wilds〃　will　be　left　behind。
  At　4：30　this　morning　Mr。　Maxwell's　energetic　voice　roused　me；　and　I　got
  up；　feeling　for　the　first　time　in　Larut　very　tired　from　the　unwonted
  dissipation　of　another　〃dinner　party；〃　and　from　having　been　kept　awake
  late　by　the　frantic　rushes　of　the　lemur　and　the　noise　of　the　〃trumpeter
  beetle；〃　besides　being　awoke　in　a　fright　at　2　A。M。；　by　the　noise　made
  in　changing　guard；　from　a　dream　that　the　Sikhs　had　mutinied　and　were
  about　to　massacre　the　Europeans；　myself　included！　We　had　bananas　and
  chocolate；　and　just　at　daybreak　walked　down　the　hill；　where　I　got　into
  a　little　trap　drawn　by　a　fiery　little　Sumatra　pony；　and　driven　by　Mr。
  Gibbons；　a　worthy　Australian　miner　who　is　here　road…making；　and　was
  taken　five　miles　to　a　place　where　the　road　becomes　a　quagmire　not　to　be
  crossed。　Elephants　had　been　telegraphed　for　to　meet　me　there；　but　the
  telegraph　was　found　to　be　broken。　Mr。　Maxwell；　who　accompanied　us　on
  horseback；　had　sent　a　messenger　on　here　for　elephants；　and　was　dismayed
  on　getting　to　the　quagmire　to　meet　the　news　that　they　had　gone　to　the
  jungle；　so　there　was　no　means　of　conveyance　but　the　small　pachyderm
  which　was　bringing　my　bag；　and　which　was　more　than　two　hours　behind。
  There　was　nothing　for　it　but　to　walk；　and　we　tramped　for　four　miles。　I
  could　not　have　done　the　half　of　it　had　I　not　had　my　〃mountain　dress〃
  on；　the　identical　mud…colored　tweed；　in　which　I　waded　through　the　mud
  of　Northern　Japan。　　The　sun　had　risen　splendidly　among　crimson　clouds；
  which；　having　turned　gray；　were　a　slight　screen；　and　the　air　is　so
  comparatively　dry　that；　though　within　5　degrees　of　the　equator；　it　was
  not　oppressively　hot。
  The　drive　had　brought　us　out　of　the　Chinese　country　into　a　region　very
  thinly　peopled　by　Malays　only；　here　and　there　along　the　roadside；
  living　in　houses　of　all　Malay　styles；　from　the　little　attap　cabin　with
  its　gridiron　floor　supported　on　stilts；　to　the　large　picturesque　house
  with　steep　brown　roofs；　deep　eaves　and　porches；　and　walls　of　matting　or
  bamboo　basket　work　in　squares；　light　and　dark　alternately；　reached　by
  ladders　with　rungs　eighteen　inches　apart；　so　difficult　for　shod　feet。
  The　trees　and　plants　of　the　jungle　were　very　exciting。　Ah！　　what　a
  delight　it　is　to　see　trees　and　plants　at　home　which　one　has　only　seen
  as　the　exotics　of　a　hothouse；　or　read　of　in　books！　In　the　day's　journey
  I　counted　one　hundred　and　twenty…six　differing　trees　and　shrubs；
  fifty…three　trailers；　seventeen　epiphytes；　and　twenty…eight　fer