high　seas。
  The　war　waged　between　the　two　parties　threatened　to　become　a　war　of
  extermination；　horrible　atrocities　were　perpetrated　on　both　sides；　and
  it　is　said　and　believed　that　as　many　as　three　thousand　belligerents
  were　slain　on　one　day　early　in　the　disturbances。　If　the　course　of
  prohibiting　the　export　of　munitions　of　war　had　been　persevered　the
  strife　would　have　died　a　natural　death；　but　the　Mentri　made
  representations　which　induced　the　authorities　of　the　Straits　to　accord
  a　certain　degree　of　support　to　himself　and　the　Si　Kwans；　by　limiting
  the　prohibition　to　his　enemies　the　Go　Kwans。　Things　at　last　became　so
  intolerable　in　Larut；　and　as　a　consequence　in　Pinang；　that　the　Governor
  of　the　Straits　Settlements；　Sir　A。　Clarke；　thought　it　was　time　to
  interfere。　During　these　disturbances　in　Larut；　Lower　Perak　and　the
  Malays　generally　were　living　peaceably　under　Ismail；　their　elected
  Sultan。　Abdullah；　who　was　regarded　as　his　rival；　was　a　fugitive；　with
  neither　followers；　money；　nor　credit。　He　had；　however；　friends　in
  Singapore；　to　one　of　whom；　Kim　Cheng；　a　well…known　Chinaman；　he　had
  promised　a　lucrative　appointment　if　he　would　prevail　on　the　Straits
  authorities　to　recognize　him　as　Sultan。　Lord　Kimberley　had　previously
  instructed　the　Governor　to　consider　the　expediency　of　introducing　the
  〃Residential　system〃　into　〃any　of　the　Malay　States；〃　and　the　occasion
  soon　presented　itself。
  An　English　merchant　in　Singapore　and　Kim　Cheng　drafted　a　letter　to　the
  Governor；　which　Abdullah　signed；　in　which　this　chief　expressed　his
  desire　to　place　Perak　under　British　protection；*　and　〃to　have　a　man　of
  sufficient　abilities　to　show　him　a　good　system　of　government。〃　Sir　A。
  Clarke；　thus　appealed　to；　went　to　Pulo　Pangkor；　off　the　Perak　coast；
  summoned　the　Chinese　head　men　and　the　Malay　chiefs　to　meet　him　there；
  and　so　effectively　reconciled　the　former；　who　were　bound　over　to　keep
  the　peace；　that　they　were　not　again　heard　of。　The　Governor　stated　to
  the　Malay　chief　and　Abdullah　that　it　was　the　duty　of　England　to　take
  care　that　the　proper　person　in　the　line　of　succession　was　chosen　for
  the　throne。　He　inquired　if　there　were　any　objection　to　Abdullah；　and　on
  none　being　made；　the　chiefs　signed　a　paper　dictated　by　Sir　A。　Clarke；
  since　known　as　the　〃Pangkor　Treaty。〃　Its　articles　deposed　Ismail；
  created　Abdullah　Sultan；　ceded　two　tracts　of　territory　to　England；　and
  provided　that　the　new　ruler　should　receive　an　English　Resident　and
  Assistant　Resident；　whose　salaries　and　expenses　should　be　the　first
  charge　on　the　revenue　of　the　country；　whose　counsel　must　be　asked　and
  〃acted　upon〃　on　all　questions　other　than　those　of　religion　and　custom；
  and　under　whose　advice　the　collection　and　control　of　all　revenues　and
  the　general　administration　should　be　regulated。　After　the　signing　of
  this　treaty　piracy　ceased　in　the　Perak　waters；　and　Larut　was　repeopled
  and　became　settled　and　prosperous。
  ＇*Abdullah　informs　〃our　friend〃　Sir　W。　Jervois；　that　his　position　and
  that　of　Perak　are　〃in　a　most　deplorable　state；〃　that　there　are　two
  Sultans　between　whom　no　arrangement　can　be　made；　that　the　revenues　are
  badly　raised；　and　the　laws　are　not　executed　with　justice。　〃For　these
  reasons；〃　he　says；　〃we　see　that　Perak　is　in　very　great　distress；　and；　in
  our　opinion；　the　affairs　of　Perak　cannot　be　settled　except　with　strong；
  active　assurance　from　our　friend　the　representative　of　Queen　Victoria；
  the　greatest　and　most　noble。。。。We　earnestly　beg　our　friend　to　give
  complete　assistance　to　Perak；　and　govern　it；　in　order　that　this　country
  may　obtain　safety　and　happiness；　and　that　proper　revenues　may　be　raised；
  and　the　laws　administered　with　justice；　and　all　the　inhabitants　of　the
  country　may　live　in　comfort。〃＇
  So　far；　as　regards　the　Sultanate；　I　have　followed　the　account　given　by
  Sir　Benson　Maxwell。　Mr。　Swettenham；　however；　writes　that　Abdullah
  failed　to　obtain　complete　recognition　of　himself　as　Sultan；　and　instead
  of　fulfilling　the　duties　of　his　position；　devoted　himself　to　opium…
  smoking；　cock…fighting；　and　other　vices；　estranging；　by　his　overbearing
  manner　and　pride　of　position；　those　who　only　needed　forbearance　to　make
  them　his　supporters。　It　may　be　remarked　that　Abdullah　was　not　as
  yielding　as　had　been　expected　to　his　English　advisers。
  The　Pangkor　Treaty　was　signed　in　January；　1874。　On　November　2d；　1875；
  Mr。　Birch；　the　British　Resident；　who　had　arrived　the　evening　before　at
  the　village　of　Passir　Salah　to　post　up　orders　and　proclamations
  announcing　that　the　whole　kingdom　of　Perak　was　henceforth　to　be
  governed　by　English　officers；　was　murdered　as　he　was　preparing　for　the
  bath。
  On　this　provocation　we　entered　upon　a　〃little　war；〃　Perak　became　known
  in　England；　and　the　London　press　began　to　ask　how　it　was　that　colonial
  officers　were　suffered　to　make　conquests　and　increase　Imperial
  responsibilities　without　the　sanction　of　Parliament。　Lord　Carnarvon
  telegraphed　to　Singapore　that　he　could　not　sanction　the　use　of　troops
  〃for　annexation　or　any　other　large　political　aims；〃　supplementing　his
  telegram　by　a　despatch　stating　that　the　residential　system　had　been
  only　sanctioned　provisionally；　as　an　experiment；　and　declaring　that　the
  Government　would　not　keep　troops　in　a　country　〃continuing　to　possess　an
  independent　jurisdiction；　for　the　purpose　of　enforcing　measures　which
  the　natives　did　not　cheerfully　accept。〃
  As　the　sequel　to　the　war　and　Mr。　Birch's　murder；　Ismail；　who　had
  retained　authority　over　a　part　of　Perak；　was　banished　to　Johore；
  Abdullah；　the　Sultan；　and　the　Mentri　of　Larut；　who　was　designated　as　an
  〃intriguing　character；〃　were　exiled　to　the　Seychelles；　and　the　Rajah
  Muda　Yusuf；　a　prince　who；　by　all　accounts；　was　regarded　as　exceedingly
  obnoxious；　was　elevated　to　the　regency；　Perak　at　the　same　time　passing
  virtually　under　our　rule。
  A　great　mist　of　passion　and　prejudice　envelops　our　dealings　with　the
  chiefs　and　people　of　this　State；　both　before　and　after　the　war。　Sir
  Benson　Maxwell　in　〃Our　Malay　Conquests；〃　presents　a　formidable
  arraignment　against　the　Colonial　authorities；　and　Major　M'Nair；　in　his
  book　on　Perak；　justifies　all　their　proceedings。　If　I　may　venture　to
  give　an　opinion　upon　so　controverted　a　subject；　it　is；　that　all
  Colonial　authorities　in　their　dealings　with　native　races；　all　Residents
  and　their　subordinates；　and　all　transactions　between　ourselves　and　the
  weak　peoples　of　the　Far　East；　would　be　better　for　having　something　of
  〃the　fierce　light　which　beats　upon　a　throne〃　turned　upon　them。　The　good
  have　nothing　to　fear；　the　bad　would　be　revealed　in　their　badness；　and
  hasty　counsels　and　ambitious　designs　would　be　held　in　check。　Public
  opinion　never　reaches　these　equatorial　jungles；　we　are　grossly　ignorant
  of　their　inhabitants　and　their　rights；　of　the　manner　in　which　our
  interference　originated；　and　how　it　has　been　exercised；　and　unless　some
  fresh　disturbance　and　another　〃little　war〃　should　concentrate　our
  attention　for　a　moment　on　these　distant　States；　we　are　likely　to　remain
  so；　to　their　great　detriment；　and　not　a　little；　in　one　respect　of　the
  case　at　least；　to　our　own。
  When　the　changes　in　Perak　were　completed；　Mr。　Hugh　Low；　formerly
  administrator　of　the　Government　of　Labuan；　was　appointed　Resident；　and
  Mr。　W。　E。　Maxwell；　who　had　had　considerable　experience　in　Malay
  affairs；　Assistant　Resident。　Both　these　gentlemen　speak　the　Malay
  tongue　readily　and　idiomatically；　and　Mr。　Maxwell　is　an　accomplished
  Malay　scholar。　Of　both　the　superior　and　subordinate　it　may　truly　be
  said　that；　by　tact；　firmness；　patience；　and　a　uniformly　just　regard　for
  both　Malay　and　Chinese　interests；　they　have　not　only　pacified　the
  State；　but　have　conciliated　the　Rajahs；　and　in　the　main　have　reconciled
  the　people　to　the　new　order　of　things。
  LETTER　XVIII
  Province　WellesleyWater　BuffaloesA　Glorious　NightPerak
  OfficialsA　〃Dismal　Swamp〃Elephants　at　HomeAn　Epigrammatic
  DescriptionThe　British　Residency　at　TaipengSultan　Abdulla's　BoysA
  Chinese　Mining　TownThe　〃Armed　Police〃An　Alligator's　VictimMajor
  SwinburneA　Larut　Dinner　PartyA　Morning　Hymn
  BRITISH　RESIDENCY；　LARUT；　February　11。
  I　left　Mr。　Justice　Wood's　yesterday；　and　his　servant　dispatched　me　from
  the　jetty　in　a　large　boat　with　an　attap　awning　and　six　Kling　rowers；
  whose　oars　worked　in　nooses　of　rope。　The　narrow　Strait　was　very　calm；
  and　the　hot；　fiery　light　of　the　tropic　evening　resting　upon　it；　made　it
  look　like　oil　rather　than　water。　In　half　an　hour　I　landed　on　the　other
  side　in　the　prosperous　Province　Wellesley；　under　a　row　of　magnificent
  casuarina　trees；　with　gray；　feathery　foliage　drooping　over　a　beach　of
  corals　and；　behind　which　are　the　solemn　glades　of　cocoa…nut　groves。　On
  the　little　jetty　a　Sikh　policeman　waited　for　me；　and　presently　Mrs。
  Isemonger；　wife　of　the　police　magistrate　of　the　Province；　met　me　on　the
  bright；　green　lawn　studded　with　clumps　of　alamanda；　which　surrounds
  their　lovely；　palm…shaded　bungalow。
  Though　the　shadows　were　falling；　Mr。　Isemonger　took　me　to　see　something
  of　the　back　country　in　a　trap　with　a　fiery　Sumatra　pony。　There　are
  miles　of　cocoa…nut　plantations　belonging　to　Chinamen　all　along　the
  coast；　with　the　trees　in　straight　lines　forming　long；　broad　avenues；
  which　have　a　certain　gloomy　grandeu