on　earth；　this　is　one。　Over　its　dismal　gateway　may　well　be　written；
  〃Whoso　enters　here　leaves　hope　behind。〃
  This　ward　is　divided　into　four　〃apartments；〃　each　one　having　a　high
  wall　at　the　back。　The　sides　next　the　court　are　formed　of　a　double　row
  of　strong　wooden　bars；　black　from　age　and　dirt；　which　reach　from　the
  floor　to　the　roof；　and　let　in　light　and　air　through　the　chinks　between
  them。　　The　interiors　of　these　cribs　or　cattle…pens　are　roughly　paved
  with　slabs　of　granite；　slimy　with　accumulations　of　dirt。　In　the　middle
  and　round　the　sides　are　stout　platforms　of　laths；　forming　a　coarse；
  black　gridiron；　on　which　the　prisoners　sit　and　sleep。
  In　each　ward　there　is　a　shrine　of　a　deity　who　is　supposed　to　have　the
  power　of　melting　the　wicked　into　contrition；　and　to　this　accursed
  mockery；　on　his　birthday；　the　prisoners　are　compelled　to　give　a　feast；
  which　is　provided　by　the　jailer　out　of　his　peculations　from　their　daily
  allowances。　No　water　is　allowed　for　washing；　and　the　tubs　containing
  the　allowance　of　foul　drinking　water　are　placed　close　to　those　which
  are　provided　for　the　accumulation　of　night　soil；　etc。；　the　contents　of
  which　are　only　removed　once　a　fortnight。　Two　pounds　of　rice　is　the
  daily　allowance　of　each　prisoner；　but　this　is　reduced　to　about　one　by
  the　greed　of　the　jailer。
  As　we　entered　the　yard；　fifty　or　sixty　men　swarmed　out　from　the　dark
  doorways　which　led　into　their　dens；　all　heavily　chained；　with　long；
  coarse；　matted　hair　hanging　in　wisps；　or　standing　on　end　round　their
  death…like　faces；　in　filthy　rags；　with　emaciated　forms　caked　with　dirt；
  and　bearing　marks　of　the　torture；　and　nearly　all　with　sore　eyes；
  swelled　and　bleeding　lips；　skin　diseases；　and　putrefying　sores。　These
  surrounded　us　closely；　and　as；　not　without　a　shudder；　I　passed　through
  them　and　entered　one　of　their　dens；　they　pressed　upon　us；　blocking　out
  the　light；　uttering　discordant　cries；　and　clamoring　with　one　voice；
  _kum…sha_；　i。e。；　backsheesh；　looking　more　like　demons　than　living　men；
  as　abject　and　depraved　as　crime；　despair；　and　cruelty　can　make　them。
  Within；　the　blackness；　the　filth；　the　vermin；　the　stench；　overpowering
  even　in　this　cool　weather；　the　rubbish　of　rags　and　potsherds；　cannot　be
  described。　Here　in　semi…starvation　and　misery；　with　nameless　cruelties
  practised　upon　them　without　restraint；　festering　in　one　depraved　mass；
  are　the　tried　and　untried；　the　condemned；　the　guilty　and　innocent　（？）；
  the　murderer　and　pirate；　the　debtor　and　petty　thief；　all　huddled
  together；　without　hope　of　exit　except　to　the　adjacent　judgment…seat；
  with　its　horrors　of　〃the　question　by　torture；〃　or　to　the　〃field　of
  blood〃　not　far　away。　On　earth　can　there　be　seen　a　spectacle　more
  hideous　than　these　abject　wretches；　with　their　heavy　fetters　eating
  into　the　flesh　of　their　necks　and　ankles　（if　on　their　wasted　skeletons；
  covered　with　vermin　and　running　sores；　there　is　any　flesh　left）；　their
  thick　matted；　bristly；　black　haircontrasting　with　the　shaven　heads
  of　the　freethe　long；　broken　claws　on　their　fingers　and　toes；　the
  hungry　look　in　their　emaciated　faces；　and　their　clamorous　cry；
  _kum…sha！　　kum…sha！_　They　thronged　round　us　clattering　their　chains；
  one　man　saying　that　they　had　so　little　rice　that　they　had　to　〃drink　the
  foul　water　to　fill　themselves；〃　another　shrieked；　〃Would　I　were　in　your
  prison　in　Hong　Kong；〃　and　this　was　chorused　by　many　voices　saying；　〃In
  your　prison　at　Hong　Kong　they　have　fish　and　vegetables；　and　more　rice
  than　they　can　eat；　and　baths；　and　beds　to　sleep　on；　good；　good　is　the
  prison　of　your　Queen！〃　but　higher　swelled　the　cry　of　_kum…sha_；　and　as
  we　could　not　give　alms　among　several　hundred；　we　eluded　them；　though
  with　difficulty；　and；　as　we　squeezed　through　the　narrow　door；
  execrations　followed　us；　and　high　above　the　heavy　clank　of　the　fetters
  and　the　general　din　rose　the　cry；　〃Foreign　Devils〃　（Fan…Kwai）；　as　we
  passed　out　into　sunshine　and　liberty；　and　the　key　was　turned　upon　them
  and　their　misery。
  We　went　into　three　other　large　wards；　foul　with　horror；　and　seething
  with　misery；　and　into　a　smaller　one；　nearly　as　bad；　where　fifteen　women
  were　incarcerated；　some　of　them　with　infants　devoured　by　cutaneous
  diseases。　Several　of　them　said　that　they　are　there　for　kidnapping；　but
  others　are　hostages　for　criminal　relations　who　have　not　yet　been
  captured。　This　imprisonment　of　hostages　is　in　accordance　with　a　law
  which　authorizes　the　seizure　and　detention　of　persons　or　families
  belonging　to　criminals　who　have　fled　or　are　in　concealment。　Such　are
  imprisoned　till　the　guilty　relative　is　brought　to　justice；　for　months；
  years；　or　even　for　a　lifetime。　Two　of　these　women　told　us　that　they　had
  been　there　for　twenty　years。
  There　are　likewise　some　single　cellshovels　clustering　under　a　wall；
  in　which　criminals　who　can　afford　to　pay　the　jailer　for　them　may　enjoy
  the　luxury　of　solitude。　In　each　ward　there　is　a　single　unfettered
  manalways　a　felonwho　by　reason　either　of　bribery　or　good　conduct；
  is　appointed　to　the　place　of　watchman　or　spy　among　his　fellows　in
  crime。　　There　is　a　turnkey　for　each　ward；　and　these　men；　with　the
  unchained　felons　who　act　as　watchmen；　torture　new　arrivals　in　order　to
  force　money　from　them；　and　under　this　process　some　die。
  In　the　outer　wall　of　the　prison　there　is　a　port…hole；　just　large　enough
  to　allow　of　a　body　being　pushed　through　it；　for　no　malefactor's　corpse
  must　be　carried　through　the　prison　entrance；　lest　it　should　defile　the
  〃Gate　of　Righteousness。〃　There　is　also　a　hovel　called　a　deadhouse；　into
  which　these　bodies　are　conveyed　till　a　grave　has　been　dug　in　some
  〃accursed　place；〃　by　members　of　an　〃accursed〃　class。
  In　addition　to　the　large　mortality　arising　from　poor　living　and　its
  concomitant　diseases；　and　the　exhaustion　produced　by　repeated　torture；
  epidemics　frequently　break　out　in　the　hot　weather　in　those　dark　and
  fetid　dens；　and　oftentimes　nearly　clear　out　the　prison。　On　such
  occasions　as　many　as　four　hundred　have　succumbed　in　a　month。　The　number
  of　criminals　who　are　executed　from　this　prison；　either　as　sentenced　to
  death；　or　as　unable　to　bribe　the　officials　any　further；　is　supposed　to
  be　about　five　hundred　annually；　and　it　is　further　supposed　that　half
  this　number　die　annually　from　starvation　and　torture。　Sometimes　one
  hundred　criminals　are　beheaded　in　an　hour；　as　it　is　feared　may　be　the
  case　on　the　Governor　going　out　of　office；　when　it　is　not　unusual　to
  make　a　jail　delivery　in　this　fashion。
  In　numerous　cases；　when　there　is　a　press　of　business　before　the
  judgment…seat　and　a　dead…lock　occurs；　accusers　and　witnesses　are
  huddled　indiscriminately　into　the　Naam…Hoi　prison；　sometimes　for
  months；　and　as　the　Governor　or　magistrate　takes　no　measures　to　provide
  for　them　during　the　interval；　some　of　the　poorer　ones　who　have　no
  friends　to　bribe　the　jailer　on　their　behalf；　perish　speedily。
  At　night；　in　the　dens　which　I　have　described；　the　hands　of　the
  prisoners　are　chained　to　their　necks；　and　even　in　the　daytime　only　one
  hand　is　liberated。　I　thought　that　many　of　the　faces　looked　quite
  imbecile。　The　jailer；　as　we　went　out；　kept　holding　out　his　long…clawed；
  lean；　brown　hand；　muttering　about　his　promised　kum…sha；　very　fearful
  lest　the　other　turnkeys；　who　were　still　lying　on　their　beds　smoking
  opium；　should　come　in　for　any　share　of　it。
  Mr。　Henry；*　my　host　and　very　able　cicerone；　is　an　American　missionary；
  and　as　such　carries　with　him　the　gospel　of　peace　on　earth　and　good　will
  to　men。　Surely　if　the　knowledge　of　Him　who　came　〃to　preach　liberty　to
  the　captive；　and　the　opening　of　the　prison　to　them　that　are　bound；〃
  were　diffused　and　received　here；　and　were　spread　with　no　niggard　hand；
  the　prison　of　the　Naam…Hoi　magistrate；　with　its　unspeakable　horrors；
  would　go　the　way　of　all　our　dungeons　and　bedlams。
  ＇*I　cannot　forbear　adding　a　note　on　the　extent　of　Mr。　　Henry's　work　in
  1881。　He　preached　190　times　in　Chinese；　and　five　times　in　English；　held
  fifty…two　Bible…class　meetings；　and　thirteen　communion　services；
  baptized　forty…five　adults　and　eight　children；　traveled　on　mission　work
  by　boat　2；540　miles；　by　chair；　eighty　miles；　and　on　foot　670　miles；
  visited　280　different　towns　and　villages；　and　distributed　14；000　books；
  receiving　assistance　in　the　latter　work　only　on　one　short　journey。　His
  life　is　a　happy　combination　of　American　energy　and　Christian　zeal。＇
  But　this　is　not　all。　From　the　prison　it　is　only　a　short　distance　to　the
  judgment…seat；　and　passing　once　more　through　the　〃Gate　of
  Righteousness；〃　we　crossed　a　large　court　infested　by　gamblers　and
  fortune…tellers；　and　presented　ourselves　at　a　porch　with　great　figures
  painted　on　both　its　doors；　and　gay　with　the　red　insignia　of
  mandarinism；　which　is　the　entrance　to　the　stately　residence　of　the
  Naam…Hoi　magistrate；　one　of　the　subordinate　dignitaries　of　Canton。　　In
  the　porch；　as　might　have　been　in　that　of　Pilate　or　Herod；　were　a　number
  of　official　palanquins；　and　many　officials　and　servants　of　the　mandarin
  with　red…crowned　hats　turned　up　from　their　faces；　and　privates　of　the
  city　guard；　mean　and　shabby　persons。　One　of　these；　for　a　kum…sha　of
  course；　took　us；　not　through　the　closed　and　curtained　doors；　but　along
  some　passages；　from　which　we　passed　through　a　circular　brickwork　t